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[German version] [1] Wife of L. Cornelius Cinna (1st half of 1st cent. BC) Wife of L. Cornelius Cinna († 84), then of M. Pupius Piso Frugi, cos. 61 BC (Vell. Pat. 2,41,2). Perhaps sister of A. [I 12] and daughter of C.  Annius [I 15] Rufus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Aurelia Galeria Lucilla see Lucilla Aug. Spouse of L. Verus  Lucilla Aug. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2a] A. Fundania Faustina daughter of M. Annius [II 9] Libo, married to T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius [4] Pollio; executed under Commodus (AD 180-192, HA Comm. 7,7). PIR2 A 713. Eck, Werner…

Name of an old patrician family, which was said to have immigrated to Rome under King T. Tatius with V. [I 10] (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 2,46). The name, derived from the old personal name Valesus/ Valerus, was originally Valesios (cf. V. [I 7]; CIL XII p. 298g: Valesies; Fest. 22; Varro, Rerum divinarum fr. 66 Cardauns [4; 5]); the censor App. Claudius [I 2] introduced the new spelling in 312 BC (cf. Dig. 1,2, 2,36). Because in Antiquity the name was derived (etymologically correctly) from valere, 'to be strong', it was considered to be a good omen ( boni ominis nomen, Cic. Div. 1,102; Cic. Sca…

[German version] [1] Valg(i)us Father-in-law (Cic. Leg. agr. 3,3) of Servilius [I 26] Rullus. Under Cornelius [I 90] Sulla V. had appropriated estates in Ager Hirpinus and in Casinum (ibid. 2,69; 3,8-14). He may be identical to the C. Quinctius Valgus recorded as patronus (D.) of the Hirpinian Aeclanum, as quinquennalis of a town near Frigento and as a duumvir of Pompeii and in Casinum (ILLRP 523; 565; 598; 645; 646). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography P. Harvey, Socer Valgus, Valgii and C. Quinctius Valgus, in: E. Borza, R. Carrubba (eds.), Classics and the Classical Trad., 197…

(also Poblicius, Poplicius, Populicius). Name of a Roman plebeian family, known from the 3rd cent. BC onwards, but not politically significant. During the Late Republic the name was often assumed by public slaves ( servi publici) after manumission as a token of their former status. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P., Q. Praetor between 69 and 66 BC; after that, presumably governor in Asia Praetor between 69 and 66 BC; after that, presumably governor of the province of Asia (Cic. Clu. 126; Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 1,2,14?; MRR 2,143; 150). Bartels, Jens (Bon…

Roman nomen gentile, recorded from the 2nd cent. BC onwards (AE 1997,283; Schulze, 160). [German version] [1] Recitator, 2nd cent. BC Roman recitator of the 2nd cent. BC, who recited the Annales of Ennius [1] to large crowds on particular days (Suet. Gramm. 2) and who was understood in later times as a grammarian. Obtaining a textual edition from the Anecdoton Parisinum (GL 7,534) by conjecture on the name is problematic. Rüpke, Jörg (Erfurt) Bibliography HLL 1, § 38. [German version] [2] Legate, fell in 53 BC Died in the Parthian War in 53 BC, when, as a legate of M. Licinius …

Name of an old patrician family. The tribus Sergia was named after it. The family is attested to have attained consulship in the 5th cent. BC (S. [I 5]) but did not achieve lasting importance in the historical period. The attempt of its best-known member, L.S. Catilina, to attain the consulship once more failed with the Catilinarian Conspiracy. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] S., M. The brother of L.S. Catilina (?) According to Plutarch (Sulla 32,3; Cicero 10,3), the brother of L.S. Catilina, killed by him in 81 and posthumously put on the proscriptions…

(Πίνδαρος/ Píndaros). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Ephesus (c. 560 BC) Tyrant of Ephesus ( c. 560 BC), nephew of Croesus. When Croesus laid siege to Ephesus, P. is said to have advised fastening the gates and walls of the town to the columns of the Artemisium (Ephesus with map) with ropes. Croesus, bound by a vow to the shrine, spared the town and promised safety and freedom but forced P. to leave; his son was spared and his fortune left untouched (Hdt. 1,26; Polyaenus, Strat. 6,50; Ael. VH 3,26). Högemann, Peter (Tübingen) Bibliography U. Muss, Bauplastik des archaischen Artemisions, 1…

Name of a Roman family. According to tradition, its members of the 5th cent. BC (Atratini, S. [I 3-8]) are supposed to have been patricians and champions of patrician privileges (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 10,41,5; 10,42,3), an assumption that may have been a retrospective invention (the Sempronii only became patricians under Caesar or Augustus); in the historical period, we know only of plebeian branches of the family during the Republic (Asellio, Blaesus, Gracchus, Longus, Tuditanus) who played an important role in the 3rd and 2nd cents. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period …

(In an older form also Peinarius, CIL I2 1357; 2469f.). Name of a patrician gens. According to tradition, they maintained a cult for Hercules at the Ara Maxima together with the Potitii (further evidence there). Hercules himself - or Evander [1] - is said to have transferred the cult to them at an extremely early time. The derivation of the name from πεινᾶν ( peinân, 'starve') is a scholarly construction based on the P. having had the smaller share in the sacrifices for Hercules (Serv. Aen. 8,270, i.a.). The family was also traced back to Pinus, the ostensib…

Italic nomen gentile derived from the Umbri people (Schulze, 257; 523). [German version] [1] U., P. Freed slave whose former business activities had made him familiar with Gaul, and because of this in 63 BC he was supposed to win the Allobroges over to Catilina (Cic. Catil. 3,14; Sall. Catil. 40). When the Senate resolved he should be executed he took to flight (Sall. Catil. 50,4). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Ancestor of V. [I 2] from Reate, who was told of a victory over Perseus [2] in a dream in 168 BC (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6; 3,13; Val. Max. 1,8,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V., P. Born c. 95 BC, d. after 42 BC. Presumably from Reate (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6 on V. [I 1]), V. achieved a political rise in Rome under the patronage of the Iulii Caesares: since he was married (schol. Bobiensia 149 St.) to Antonia, a niece of L. Iulius [I 6] Caesar, the latter as consul in 64 may have sponsored…

[German version] [1] V. Tullus, C. Recorded in 53-48 BC as a junior officer of Caesar (Caes. B Gall. 6,29,3: adulescentem; 8,46,4(?); Caes. B Civ. 3,52,2). Brother or cousin of V. [3]. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Tullus, L. (before 109 - after 46 BC). Although he failed to be elected aedile, in 66, V. succeeded in gaining a consulship (Cic. Planc. 51);during his year of office, his most memorable deed appears to have been his rejection of Catilina's candidacy for a consulship (Sall. Catil. 18,3). In 56, he spoke up for…

Name of an originally Etruscan plebeian family (Etruscan form Velimna) that was significant in the early Republic. The Volumnii of the 1st cent. BC are not its descendants. The tomb of the V. in Perusia (modern Perugia) with bilingual inscriptions (CIL XI 1963 - CIE 3763) was used from the 2nd cent. onwards. …

[German version] Variant of the nomen gentile Vinius (Schulze, 425). The most important representative is V. Asina (MSS and scholia record various cognomina), addressee of Hor. Epist. 1,13 who is asked to forward works by Horace to Augustus. The social status of the messenger, who is not represented very flatteringly, is not revealed; V. may also be fictional.…

[German version] Presumably from an equestrian family; at the end of 46 BC (Cic. Fam. 4,14,1-3) she was married for her inheritance by her trustee Cicero. The marriage was short and unhappy: It earned Cicero mockery because of the great age difference between them, and the young woman was shunned by him because he suspected her of insufficiently mourning the death of his daughter Tullia  (Plut. Cicero 41; Cass. Dio 46,18,3 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography M. Gelzer, Cicero, 1969, 288; 292 f.

A rare Roman family name, probably derived from Plancus. We know of Plancii from Atina (P. [1-2]) in the 1st cent. BC, and of Plancii from Perge in the 1st -2nd cents. AD. [German version] [1] P., Cn. Tax farmer, 1st cent. BC Of an old equestrian family from Atina (Cic. Planc. 32; cf. CIL X 5075; 5119). He served under Licinius [I 15] Crassus in Spain, probably in 96-93 BC. Thereafter active as a tax farmer ( P ublicani ). In 61-59 BC he distinguished himself as the spokesman for the tax farmers of Asia in a dispute about an inheritance concerning tax farming (Cic. Planc. 31-34; Schol. Bobiensia 157; 159 St.), gaining enemies in the process. Father of P. [2]. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] P., Cn. As quaestor in 58 BC, he supported the exiled Cicero In contrast to his father P. [1], he pursued a senatorial career after military service in Africa in 69 (?) BC and Crete, 68-66/5 BC, and after serving as a military tribune in Macedonia in 62 BC. As quaestor in Macedonia in 58 BC, he became particularly well known for support he lent to the exiled Cicero (Cic. Att. 3,14; 22 et passim). His bid for tribune of the people in 56 BC was successful, but his term in office was hardly spectacular. Nevertheless, he gained a decisive victory in the elect…

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[German version] Supposedly the lover who was the subject of Tibullus elegies under the pseudonym Delia (Apul. Apol. 10). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

Roman nomen gentile, possibly connected to the Etruscan pupu. The family is otherwise politically insignificant; the adoptive father of the consul for 61 BC, P. [I 3], is unknown. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) …

[German version] Etruscan haruspex famous in Rome in the middle of the 1st cent. BC (Haruspices). In 44 he prophesied the danger threatening Caesar (Cic. Div. 1,119; Suet. Iul. 81; Val. Max. 8,11,2); he is presumably the summus haruspex who warned him in 46 against an early crossing to Africa (Cic. Div. 2,52). Evidently, however, such prophecies were not taken very seriously ( cf. Cic. Fam. 9,24,2). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

Roman nomen gentile, sometimes confused with Sextius. The family surfaced as patrician with S. [1] and [5] in the mid 5th cent. BC. In the late Republic, it had only (politically insignificant) plebeian members. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] S., L. In order to illustrate the just administration of the first collegium of decemviri , especially the justice of C. Iulius [I 13] Iullus, Livy (3,33,9 f.) and Cicero (Rep. 2,61) tell the anecdote that after a corpse was found buried in the house of S., Iulius - who,…

Uncommon Roman nomen gentile (Schulze, 373). [German version] T., T. Served as an equestrian prefect or military tribune under Caesar in Gaul. While requisitioning grain in the winter of 57/6 BC he and other officers were captured by Breton tribes who were then subjugated (Caes. Gall. 3,7-16). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

Roman gens of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 248). [German version] [1] V., L. was accused c. 80 BC of murder and defended by Cicero, who claimed that the deed had been in the interest of the accuser Ancharius [2] Rufus and that hence he was the murderer, but lost the case (Prisc. Institutiones grammaticae 7,70; 12,29; Quint. Inst. 5,13,28; 7,1,9; 7,2,36; 9,2,56). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Rufus A senator; he represented the province of Bithynia et Pontus in the Senate against the proconsul Iulius [II 28] Bassus, who had been accused of extortion (…

Italian, presumably a family name from Etruria (Schulze 80; 225). Cf. also Satyrius. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., M. As the son of L. Minucius Basilus's sister, he was adopted by him, but was bypassed by means of a forged will (Cic. Off. 3,73 f.; Minucius [I 4]). In 44/43 BC he is recorded as patron of the Picentes and Sabines and a follower of M. Antonius [I 9] (Cic. Off. 3,74; Cic. Phil. 2,107). He cannot be identified with the legate of C. Trebonius in Cicero (Ad Brut. 1,6,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] S. Rufus Senator in the reign of …

Italian family name, attested at Rome from the 1st cent. BC, but of political importance only from the time of Augustus, with S. [II 4-6] (Schulze, 228). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., L. Mint magistrate in 101 BC (RRC 328) and praetor urbanus c. 93-89 (ILS 8208; Syme, RP 2, 608 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S. Saturninus Vetulo Proscribed in 43 BC, took refuge on Sicily (Val. Max. 7,3,9). With his cousin Scribonius [I 7] Libo he led the embassy to Antonius [B I 9] for Sex. Pompeius [I 5] in 40 B…

Name of a Roman patrician family (epigraphically also Serveilius), said to have migrated to Rome from Alba Longa under king Tullus Hostilius [4] (Liv. 1,30,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7). The oldest branches are the Ahalae and Fidenates in the 5th and 4th cents. BC; the Caepiones and Gemini, from whom the Vatiae (Isaurici) descended, appear in the 3rd cent. The last prominent member of the Servilii Caepiones was the murderer of Caesar, M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, son of Servilia [1], and himself adopted into the family. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A fleet commander in the B…

Roman family name, probably derived from Varus. Name-bearers first attested in the 1st cent. BC, but only in the Imperial period did they attain any prominence. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. Cotyla, L. Aedile in 48, 47 or 44 BC (Cic. Phil. 13,26), emissary at Rome for M. Antonius [I 9] in 43, and his legate in Gallia transalpina (Cic. Phil. 5,5-7; 8,24-32; Plut. Antonius 18,8). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V. Rufus, L. Roman poet, c. 70-15 BC Renowned Roman poet (Hor. Ars P. 55) of the Augustan period (c. 70-15 BC). Wi…

Old and frequently attested Roman nomen gentile (Schulze, 242; 425). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T., T. As praef. of the Pompeians, he took part in the fortification of Curubis in c. 47 BC (ILS 5319). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] T. Damio Owned a vestibulum (hallway) on the via Sacra in Rome into which Cicero fled from P. Clodius [I 4] in 57 BC (Cic. Att. 4,3,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] C. T. Africanus Cassianus Priscus Eques, from Asisium. Under Vespasianus praefectus vigilum and praefectus annonae; under Titus [II …

Italic nomen gentile. The family was from the ancient local aristocracy of Praeneste (CIL I2 279-290; 1467-1471; 2439) and is attested in Rome itself and as traders on Delos from the end of the 2nd cent. BC onwards (RRC 204). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] S., L. Appears in Cicero's letters 67-44 BC as an Epicurean (Cic. Att. 7,2,4) and a friend of Pomponius [I 5] Atticus (Cic. Att. 7,1,1). In 43 the latter rescued S., who had been proscribed because of his wealth  (Nep. Att. 12,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] S., M. Leader of Annius [I 14] Milo's followe…

[German version] [1] Wife of M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus Married before 87 BC to M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus, after previously being married to his  elder brother (who was dead when she remarried). Alongside public praise (Cic. Cael. 9) there were also rumours of affairs (Plut. Cicero 25,5; Suet. Iul. 50,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] Grandmother of Vespasian Wife of T. Flavius Petro, a veteran of the Civil War, and grandmother of the emperor Vespasianus, whom she raised on her estate in Cosa (Suet. Vesp. 1 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

[German version] Gentile of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 260). Most important representative: V., T., a supporter of Catilina. In 63 BC, V. who was from Croton was arrested when, on behalf of P. Cornelius [I 56] Lentulus, he went with ambassadors of the Allobroges to deliver a letter to Catilina. For his willingness to provide information he was granted immunity from prosecution (Cic. Cat.. 3,4; 4,5; Sall. Catil. 44-47; 50,1; Flor. 2,12,9; App. B Civ. 2,13-15). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

(also Vinnius). Roman gentile , recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards (Schulze, 380; 425). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. (Rufus?), T. was proscribed in 43 BC, but was rescued by his wife Tanusia and his freed slave V. [I 2] and then pardoned (App. B Civ. 4,187; Cass. Dio 47,7,4 f.; Suet. Augustus 27,2). He is presumably the grandfather of T. V. [II 1] (Tac. Hist. 1,48,2: incorrectly maternus avus), who attained a praetorship. V. may also be identical to the VIIIvir (Octoviri) T. V. Rufus from Amiternum, which is presumably where the family was then from (ILS 3701). Barte…

Roman gens name (Schulze, 429), sometimes confused with T(h)oranius. [German version] [1] T., C. Praetor in 44 BC (Cic. Phil. 3,25). He was presumably proscribed and killed at his son's instigation (Val. Max. 9,11,5; App. B Civ. 4,71). Not identical with the also outlawed (Suet. Aug. 27; App. B Civ. 4,47) guardian of Augustus, C. Toranius. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] C. T. Gracilis Eques from Gades (modern Cadiz) (Plin. HN 3,3). He had the confidence of Augustus, who made him praef. Aegypti, recorded between 7 and 4 BC [1. 475]. In AD 14, at the time of Aug…

[German version] Roman gentile presumably of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 259). The best-known representative is V. Mena. The auctioneer, evidently of non-free origin, who by gift of L. Marcius [I 13] Philippus becomes a farmer and thereby ultimately falls into misfortune (Hor. Epist. 1,7,46-95), is a constructed figure. Horace uses him as his fourth and most detailed example of the problems gifts from patrons could cause. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography O. Hiltbrunner, V. Mena, in: Gymnasium 67, 1960, 289-300.

[German version] Documented for 72-68 BC as legate of Licinius [I 26] Lucullus in the 3rd Mithradatic War (Mithridates [6] VI.; Plut. Lucullus 17,1; 24,1; 30,3; 35,1; IPerg 431; MAMA 6,260). Bartels, Jens (Bonn)

I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P. Relative of Cicero's second wife Publilia A close relative (brother?) of Cicero's second wife Publilia; for this reason, he is frequently mentioned in Cicero's letters to T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] P., Volero People's tribune in 472 and 471 BC People's tribune in 472 and 471 BC (MRR 1, 29 f.). P. is said to have introduced a bill in 472 to have the election of the tribunes of the plebs take place not in the comitia curiata, which were dominated by patricians and their clients, but in the comitia tributa (Co…

Italic family name [1], which first appears in senatorial circles at the end of the 1st cent. BC. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Two brothers who were fairly well known publishers at the time of Horace (Hor. Epist. 1,20,2; 2,3,345). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S., C. First attested by the coins he minted in 39 BC as quaestor of Antony [I 9] (BMCRR 2,504), for whom he was governor of Syria and Cilicia from 38 BC. With Herod [1] he successfully fought Antigonus [5] who had been installed in Iudaea by the Parthians (…

[German version] Roman gens name [1]. Only known representative: C. V., recorded  56-44 BC, versatile businessman (credit broker, pigment producer and long-distance trader) from Puteoli, who had close relations with Pomponius [I 5] Atticus and Cicero. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 254 2 J. Andreau, Patrimoines, échanges et prêts d'argent, 1997, 99-118 3 D'Arms, Index s. v. V.

Name of a Roman plebeian family, probably from Caudium (CIL I2 1744 f.) and attested from the time of the 2nd Punic War. The branch of the Libones (S. [I 5-7; II 4-7]) attained the consulship with S. [I 7] and was part of the Roman high nobility in the early Imperial period. The Curiones (S. [I 1-4]), prominent in the 2nd and 1st cents. BC, disappeared with the Republic. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S. Curio, C. As aedile in 196 BC, he built the Temple of Faunus on the Tiber Island. Praetor urbanus in 183 and the second plebeian to be elected curio [2] maximus …

Name of a Roman plebeian family (occasionally confused with Laetorius); attained some distinction only in the 2nd cent. BC; insignificant in the Imperial Period. [German version] [1] P. Cestianus, L. Quaestor 43/2 BC Quaestor in 43/42 BC under M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus; issued denarii depicting a pilleus between two daggers, with the legend Eid(ibus) Mar(tiis), thus celebrating the assassination of Caesar on the Ides of March of 44 BC (RRC 508). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] P. Cestianus, M. Probably governor of Macedonia in 63/2 Quaestor before 69 BC (Cic. Font…

Nomen gentile, probably originally Etruscan, occurred at Rome only from the 1st cent. BC onwards. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] A certain S. from Camerinum was commissioned to recruit followers for Catilina at Picenum in 63 BC, presumably because he was of the Umbrian-Picenan municipal nobility (cf. CIL I2 1921; 1929) (Sall. Catil. 27,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] Friend of Horace's; he hoped to enter the cohors amicorum of a member of the imperial household through his relationship with the latter (Hor. Carm.…

(Πυθόδωρος/ Pythódōros). [German version] [1] Athenian, paved the way (in 411BC) for the oligarchic constitution of the 400 Athenian who, according to [Aristot.] Ath. Pol. 29,1-2 (cf. Thuc. 8,67,1), in 411 BC made a motion in the public assembly to elect a further 20 'preliminary counselors' ( próbouloi) to draw up proposals for saving the state. He thus paved the way for the oligarchic constitution of the 400 ( tetrakósioi ). Diog. Laert. 9,54 (= Diels/Kranz 80 A 1) names him as the prosecutor of Protagoras [1]. P. may be identical with the …

Name of a Roman patrician family, derived from the praenomen Quintus; in inscriptions and MSS also Quintilius. In the annalistic tradition the family was one of Rome's oldest, supposed to have arrived in Rome under the king Tullus Hostilius (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7; cf. Liv. 1,30,2, though he has Quinctii); of a consul recorded in 453 BC and a consular tribune in 403 nothing further is known. In the historical period, members of the family are known from the end of the 3rd cent. on (bearing the inherited cognomen Varus), but they achieved no lasting noble status. The most promin…

Widespread Italic nomen gentile. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., L. Roman equestrian from Picenum, c. 106-59 BC. In 89 BC, V. probably served on the staff of Cn. Pompeius [I 8] Strabo (ILS 8888; [1. 161 f.]) and subsequently enriched himself as a favourite of L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla (Sall. Hist. 1,55,17). He later joined the conspiracy of Catilina (Q. Tullius Cic. commentariolum petitionis 10), but betrayed it to Cicero in 63 BC (Cass. Dio. 37,41; Oros. 6,6,7). In 62, it seems that opponents o…

[German version] [1] S., M. Praef. of Ap. Claudius [I 24] Pulcher who had five members of the council of Salamis in Cyprus starve when he was to enforce a loan repayment for M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus. In 51 BC Cicero put an end to this and in 50 achieved repayment at an annual interest rate of 12 %, but S. rejected this and insisted on an annual rate of 48 %  (Cic. Att. 5,21,10 ff.; 6,1,5 ff.; 6,2,7 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] S., M. In 50 BC agent for M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus' loans to king Ariobarzanes [5] (Cic. Att. 6,1,4; 3,5). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) Bibliography W. Will, Julius …

(also Vinucius). Italian nomen gentile , recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards (Schulze, 110; 380). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., L. Mint master between 54 and 52 BC (RRC 436; MRR 2, 455), tr. pl. in 51 (Cic. Fam. 8,8,6) and cos. suff. in 33 BC (InscrIt 13,251; 254 f.). He was presumably the procos. Asiae who in 27 or shortly after enacted a decree of the consuls Agrippa [1] and Augustus in Cyme [3] [1]. Attribution of other procos. named V. in inscriptions is uncertain [2]. If AE 1988,20 refers to him he must still have been alive in 17 BC. V. [II 1] was his son. Bartels, Jens (…

(Πυθόδωρος). [English version] [1] Athener, 411 v. Chr. Wegbereiter der oligarchischen Verfassung der 400 Athener, stellte nach [Aristot.] Ath. pol. 29,1-2 (vgl. Thuk. 8,67,1) im J. 411 v. Chr. in der Volksversammlung den Antrag, weitere 20 “Vorberater” ( próbuloi) zu wählen, die Vorschläge zur Rettung des Staates ausarbeiten sollten. Er bereitete damit den Weg für die oligarchische Verfassung der 400 ( tetrakósioi ). Diog. Laert. 9,54 (= Diels/Kranz 80 A 1) nennt ihn als Ankläger des Protagoras [1]. P. ist evtl. identisch mit dem Arc…

Seltener röm. Familienname, verm. von Plancus abgeleitet. Bekannt sind bes. die Plancii aus Atina (P. [1-2]) im 1. Jh.v.Chr. und die P. aus Perge im 1.-2. Jh.n.Chr. [English version] [1] P., Cn. Steuerpächter, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Stammte aus einer alten ritterlichen Familie aus Atina (Cic. Planc. 32; vgl. CIL X 5075; 5119). Er diente unter Licinius [I 15] Crassus, verm. 96-93 v.Chr. in Spanien. Danach als Steuerpächter ( publicanus ) tätig, profilierte er sich 61-59 im Streit um einen Pachtnachlaß als Sprecher der Steuerpächter von Asia (Cic. P…

Häufiger Vorname oskischer oder umbrischer Herkunft, der nicht in der röm. Oberschicht verwendet wird (abgekürzt inschr. Sa. oder Sal.), erscheint spät als Gentilnomen und ist auch Sklavenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Sklavenführer (Sklavenführer) s. Tryphon Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] Nur bei Plutarch unter den Mördern des Pompeius genannter Centurio Nur bei Plut. Pompeius 78,1 und 79,4 unter den Mördern des Pompeius genannter Centurio. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [English version] [I 3] Freigelassener und…

(Πίνδαρος). [English version] [1] Tyrann von Ephesos (ca. 560 v. Chr.) Tyrann von Ephesos (ca. 560 v.Chr.), Neffe des Kroisos. Als dieser Ephesos belagerte, soll P. geraten haben, die Tore und Mauern der Stadt durch Seile mit den Säulen des Artemisions (Ephesos mit Karte) zu verbinden. Kroisos, durch ein Gelübde dem Heiligtum verpflichtet, verschonte die Stadt, versprach Sicherheit und Freiheit, zwang aber P., die Stadt zu verlassen; sein Sohn blieb verschont, das Vermögen unangetastet (Hdt. 1,26; Polyain. 6,50; Ail. var. 3,26). Högemann, Peter (Tübingen) Bibliography U. Muss, Ba…