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Name einer patrizischen gens etr. Ursprungs, die in der Frühzeit der Republik zwei bedeutende Vertreter hervorbrachte. Weitere Träger des Namens sind erst wieder ab dem 1. Jh.v.Chr. belegt. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] L. (Flavus oder Rufus ?), T. Consul 501 und 498 v. Chr., erster Dictator Roms Consul 501 und 498 v.Chr. (InscrIt 13,1,88; 350-53). Bis auf Festus (216 L.) nennt die Überl. L. als ersten Dictator Roms (MRR I 9f.; 11f.), ist aber uneins, ob L. das Amt in seinem 1. (Liv. 2,18,4-7 mit Verweis auf die unsichere Üb…

Latin name of an ancient dynasty from Tusculum (in manuscripts frequently confused with Manilius and Manlius). Because the city was considered a foundation of Telegonus, the son of Odysseus and Circe, the Mamilii, from the early 2nd cent. BC at the latest, traced their lineage to Odysseus, via Mamilia, the daughter of Telegonus (coins: RRC 149; 362; in literature, from the Augustan period: Fest. 116f. L; Liv. 1,49,9; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,45,1). In the 5th cent. BC, with M. [I 1] the family was accepted in Ro…

[German version] [1] V., Ap. Livy (3,54,13) lists V. as peoples' tribune in 449 BC among those who, after the end of the D ecemviri [1], had been voted into this office "more due to the hopes (that had been put into them) than due to their merits". Müller, Christian (Bochum) [German version] [2] V. Annalis, L. As peoples' tribune in 180 BC, he introduced a law about age limits that regulated the competition for offices and thus proved fundamental in the development of the cursus honorum [1]. In this, he had the consent of the Senate, which earned him and his…

Name of a Roman family (also often given as Vetusius; on the origin of the gens Veturia [1. 284]), for which the tribus Voturia was named [2. 42]. The Veturii played a prominent political role in various phases of the Republic: from the beginning of the Republic to the leges Liciniae Sextiae (367 BC) with the Veturii [I 3-6] Cicurini, in the time between 334 and 321 with V. [I 1], and in the time of the 2nd Punic War with the Veturii [I 7-8] Philones. While the patrician status of the Cicurini and Philones can be regarded as certain (but cf. [3.…

Rare Roman nomen gentile (epigraphically Numesius, ILS 9231). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] One of the praetors of the Latin league in 340 BC One of the two chief magistrates ( praetores) of the Latin League, who, with his colleague L. Annius [I 3], attempted to enforce perfect equality between the Latins and the Romans in 340 BC, firstly through negotiations and then by means of war; he also continued the war after the defeat of the Latins on Mt. Vesuvius (Liv. 8,3,9; 11,5-12). Müller, Christian (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] N. (?) Nucula Membe…

Roman nomen gentile, sometimes confused with Sextius. The family surfaced as patrician with S. [1] and [5] in the mid 5th cent. BC. In the late Republic, it had only (politically insignificant) plebeian members. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] S., L. In order to illustrate the just administration of the first collegium of decemviri , especially the justice of C. Iulius [I 13] Iullus, Livy (3,33,9 f.) and Cicero (Rep. 2,61) tell the anecdote that after a corpse was found buried in the house of S., Iulius - who,…

Roman family, probably of Etruscan origin, that played an outstanding role, through the Verginii Tricosti branch (genealogy of the V. Tricosti in [1. 1519]), in Roman politics esp. in the 5th cent. BC. Characteristic of the V. Tricosti are the additional cognomina Caelimontanus, Esquilinus and Rutilus. The political importance of the family steadily declined from around the middle of the 5th cent., becoming altogether insignificant around the middle of the 4th cent. BC. If nothing else, however,…

[German version] [1] Nomen gentile The name T. is the Latinized form of an Ancient Etruscan nomen gentile * tarq/χ u-na, from which the Latin name was derived by means of the -i̯o suffix inherited from the indo-European basic form. In Etruscan itself, the name in the form tarq/χ una is not attested; instances of a basic form * tarq/χ-  from the Archaic period are rare (cf. perhaps tarχ umenaia [1. 251, Cl 2.8], tarχ elnas [1. 86, Vs 1.2]). Inherited forms occur in Late Etruscan in the nomina gentilia tarcna/tarχ na ( cf. tarcnai, tar χ nas from the Tomba delle Iscrizioni, Caere, CIE 5907-5974; t…

Latin. Name der alten Herrscherfamilie aus Tusculum (hsl. häufig mit Manilius und Manlius verwechselt). Da die Stadt als Gründung des Telegonos, des Sohnes des Odysseus und der Kirke, galt, führten sich die Mamilii spätestens seit dem frühen 2. Jh.v.Chr. über Mamilia, die Tochter des Telegonos, auf Odysseus zurück (Mz.: RRC 149; 362; lit. seit augusteischer Zeit: Fest. 116f. L; Liv. 1,49,9; Dion. Hal. ant. 4,45,1). Im 5. Jh.v.Chr. wurde die Familie mit M. [I 1] in Rom aufgenommen, erlangten Angehörige der M. mehrfach das Consulat (M. [5-7]; wohl im 1. Jh. v.Chr. ausgestorben. …

Name einer schon im 5. Jh. v.Chr. erloschenen patrizischen gens. Spätere Träger des Namens verdanken ihn der Provenienz aus der nach dieser gens benannten Tribus. [English version] [1] Horatii Gensmitglieder der Horatier (Königszeit). Der Sage nach (Liv. 1,24-26; Dion. Hal. ant. 3,13,4-22,10) entschied unter König Tullus Hostilius [I 4] ein Kampf der Drillinge der Horatier gegen die Drillinge der Curiatier statt einer Schlacht den Streit zwischen Rom und Alba Longa. Nachdem zwei Brüder gefallen waren, überwand der letzte H. s…

Seltener röm. Gentilname (inschr. auch Numesios, ILS 9231). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Einer der Praetoren des latinischen Bundes 340 v. Chr. Einer der beiden Oberbeamten (Praetoren) des latinischen Bundes, der mit seinem Kollegen L. Annius [I 3] 340 v.Chr. zunächst mit Verhandlungen, dann auch mit Krieg die volle rechtliche Gleichstellung der Latiner mit den Römern durchzusetzen versuchte und auch noch nach der Niederlage der Latiner am Vesuv den Krieg fortsetzte (Liv. 8,3,9; 11,5-12). Müller, Christian (Bochum) …

Name of a Roman plebeian family, documented with certainty only from the 1st cent. BC on (T. [I 2] might be unhistorical). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] T., C. Son of an ill-reputed (Cic. Phil. 13,23; the same as in Hor. Sat. 1,4,114?) Roman equestrian. In 58 BC [1], T. worked as quaestor urbanus against P. Clodius' [I 4] switch to the plebs . As tribune of the people in 55, he introduced laws that gave M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus and Cn. Pompeius [I 3] provincial terms of five years and exte…

Roman family name derived from the praenomen Tullus; oldest traditional bearer of the name is the sixth king of Rome, Servius T. [I 4]; until the time of Cicero and his family, other bearers are only rarely recorded. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T., Attius As 'by far the first man of the Volsci at the time' (Liv. 2,35,7), tradition connected him with the story of Coriolanus, in which T. supported the latter in his plans out of an old hate for the Romans (Liv. 2,37,1-8; 2,38,1-5; 2,39,1; 2,40,12). Hi…

Roman plebeian nomen gentile, often confused with Siccius; members of the family frequently appear as people's tribunes in the 5th cent. BC, but the family is otherwise insignificant. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., C. Tradition links S. with the origins and early development of the people's tribunate ( tribunus plebis ): S. was firstly the initiator of the secessio plebis of 494 BC and then one of the people's tribunes, subsequently elected for the first time (Liv. 2,32,2; 2,33,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 6,45,2; 6,8…

Oscan praenomen and Oscan/Lat. gentilic. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] Pontius, Gavius Samnite general, delivered Rome its defeat 321 BC at Caudium Samnite general who in 321 BC famously defeated the Romans at Caudium and sent them 'under the yoke' (Liv. 9,2,6-6,4). The fact that the Samnite leader in the Social War (Social Wars [3]), P. [I 4], had the same name is no proof that P.' name entered the tradition only later. The annalistic tradition (in Liv. 9, 15,8), however, of P.'…

(In an older form also Peinarius, CIL I2 1357; 2469f.). Name of a patrician gens. According to tradition, they maintained a cult for Hercules at the Ara Maxima together with the Potitii (further evidence there). Hercules himself - or Evander [1] - is said to have transferred the cult to them at an extremely early time. The derivation of the name from πεινᾶν ( peinân, 'starve') is a scholarly construction based on the P. having had the smaller share in the sacrifices for Hercules (Serv. Aen. 8,270, i.a.). The family was also traced back to Pinus, the ostensib…

Name of an originally Etruscan plebeian family (Etruscan form Velimna) that was significant in the early Republic. The Volumnii of the 1st cent. BC are not its descendants. The tomb of the V. in Perusia (modern Perugia) with bilingual inscriptions (CIL XI 1963 - CIE 3763) was used from the 2nd cent. onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] V., P. Fought in 42 BC as a friend of M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus in the battle of Philippi, and wrote about it in a now lost work (Plut. Brutus 48; 51). Possibly identical to V. [4]? Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Amintinus Gallus…

Name of a Roman patrician family (epigraphically also Serveilius), said to have migrated to Rome from Alba Longa under king Tullus Hostilius [4] (Liv. 1,30,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7). The oldest branches are the Ahalae and Fidenates in the 5th and 4th cents. BC; the Caepiones and Gemini, from whom the Vatiae (Isaurici) descended, appear in the 3rd cent. The last prominent member of the Servilii Caepiones was the murderer of Caesar, M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, son of Servilia [1], and himself adopted into the family. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A fleet commander in the B…

Roman nomen gentile, also confused with Sestius . According to tradition, the family achieved prominence in the 4th cent. BC with S. [I 6] who obtained access to the consulate for plebeians. The family was unimportant under the Republic, with the exception of S. [1 3]; the branch which was best known into the 3rd cent. AD originated with Caesar's follower S. [I 2], but it made spurious claims to be descended from the first plebeian consul S. [I 6] (hence the epithets Africanus and Laterensis). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., Q. Founder of t…

I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P. Relative of Cicero's second wife Publilia A close relative (brother?) of Cicero's second wife Publilia; for this reason, he is frequently mentioned in Cicero's letters to T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] P., Volero People's tribune in 472 and 471 BC People's tribune in 472 and 471 BC (MRR 1, 29 f.). P. is said to have introduced a bill in 472 to have the election of the tribunes of the plebs take place not in the comitia curiata, which were dominated by patricians and their clients, but in the comitia tributa (Co…

Name of a patrician gens which had already died out in the 5th cent. BC. Later bearers of the name owe it to the provenance from the eponymous tribus. [German version] [1] Horatii Member of the Horatius gens (Royal period). According to legend (Liv. 1,24-26; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,13,4-22,10), under King Tullus  Hostilius [I 4], the conflict between Rome and  Alba Longa was decided by a fight between the Horatii triplets and the Curiatii triplets rather than a battle. After two brothers had fallen, the last H. overcame his opponent…

Oscan praenomen, later a widespread nomen gentile; literary refs. at Rome from as early as the 5th cent. BC (O. [I 5]), but historical evidence only from the 2nd cent. The Tusculan Opiter O., who is said to have given his name to the Mons O. at Rome, is an invention (Varro in Fest. 476 L.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] O., C. Author of a law of 215 BC to limit displays of wealth Restricted the opportunities for women to display wealth by his law of 215 BC (Liv. 34,1,1-3 et alibi; MRR 1, 255). In 195, this legislation was repealed despite the res…

Osk. Praenomen und osk./lat. Gentilname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Pontius, Gavius Samnitischer Feldherr, brachte den Römern 321 v. Chr. die Niederlage bei Caudium bei Samnitischer Feldherr, der 321 v. Chr. den Römern die berühmte Niederlage bei Caudium beibrachte und sie ‘unter das Joch schickte’ (Liv. 9,2,6-6,4). Daß der samnit. Anführer im Bundesgenossenkrieg [3] (P. [I 4]) ebenfalls diesen Namen trug, ist kein Indiz dafür, daß P.' Name erst später in die Überl. gelangte…

I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] P. Verwandter von Ciceros zweiter Frau Publilia Ein naher Verwandter (Bruder?) von Ciceros zweiter Frau Publilia, der daher öfter in Ciceros Briefen an T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus erscheint. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] P., Volero Volkstribun 472 und 471 v. Chr. Volkstribun 472 und 471 v. Chr. (MRR 1, 29 f.). 472 soll P. ein Gesetz eingebracht haben, das die Wahl der Volkstribunen statt in den von den Patriziern mit ihren Klienten dominierten comitia curiata in den comitia tributa ( comitia ) vo…

Oskisches Praenomen, dann weitverbreiteter Gentilname; in Rom bereits für das 5. Jh.v.Chr. lit. erwähnt (O. [I 5]), histor. aber erst seit dem 2. Jh. belegt. Erfindung ist der Tusculaner Opiter O., der dem Mons O. in Rom den Namen gegeben haben soll (Varro bei Fest. 476 L.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] O., C. Urheber eines Gesetzes 215 v. Chr. zur Beschränkung der Demonstration von Reichtum Beschnitt 215 v.Chr. mit einem Gesetz die Möglichkeiten von Frauen, Reichtum zu demonstrieren (Liv. 34,1,1-3 u.a.; MRR 1, 25…

(ältere Namensform auch Peinarius, CIL I2 1357; 2469f.), Name einer patrizischen gens. Der Überl. nach übte sie zusammen mit den Potitii (dort auch Belege) an der Ara Maxima einen Kult für Hercules aus, der ihr schon in frühester Zeit, nämlich von Hercules selbst bzw. Euandros [1], übertragen worden sei. Gelehrte Konstruktion ist die Ableitung des Namens von πεινᾶν ( peinán, “hungern”), weil die P. geringeren Anteil an den Opfern für Hercules gehabt hätten (Serv. Aen. 8,270 u.a.). Die Familie wurde auch auf Pinos, den angeblichen Sohn des Numa Pompilius…

Name of a Roman gens. The patrician bearers of the name from the 5th and 4th cents. BC that have come down to us are of disputed historicity, in any case the early family history has been embellished in the late Republic.  It is these Minucii that later membesrs (from the 3rd century BC) trace themselves back to. A prominent cognomen is Augurinus (M. [I 1-3] and [I 5 and 6]), deriving from the first plebeian augur M. [I 7], applied only subsequently to the early Republican members. The political zen…

(also frequently Popilius). Name of a Plebeian gens attested from the 4th cent. BC. The family maintained a joint funeral cult (Cic. Leg. 2,55). Its most famous branch was the Laenates (with regard to the cognomen Laenas); insignificant from the early Imperial period onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] P. Laenas Augur, in 44 BC adviser of the murderers of Caesar Augur (Cic. Att. 12,13,2), in 44 BC was the adviser of the murderers of Caesar and may perhaps have been tempted to betray them to the dictator (App. B Civ. 2,484; 487). Fündling, Jörg (B…

Roman patrician gentilic name (from the praenomen Postumus ), found in the highest offices from the 5th cent. BC on and politically significant until the 2nd cent. BC. As dictator in 499 or 496 BC, an A. P. is supposed to have decided the battle at Lacus Regillus (Liv. 2,19-20). The Albi or Albini (Regillenses), who withdrew from politics with P. [I 9]'s military failure in the Jugurthine War at the end of the 2nd cent. BC, are his descendants. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P., C. Etruscan haruspex, even consulted by Sulla Etruscan haruspex ( haruspices …

Name of a Roman plebeian family, perhaps of Etruscan origin [1. 185; 187]. The most important bearer of the name is M. [I 3]; the family is politically unimportant in the 1st cent. BC. Lex Maenia is the title of a Menippean satire of Varro (Varro Men. 153-155). The law concerned the power of the paternal head of the house; content and dating are contested [3. 1085 - 1121]. A further lex Maenia probably passed before 290 BC directed that the ‘agreement of the Senate’ ( auctoritas patrum) for elections be obtained before proclaiming the election results (Cic. Brut. 55). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Boch…

Gentilname einer röm. patrizischen Familie (vom Vornamen Postumus ), seit dem 5 Jh. v. Chr. in den höchsten Ämtern und bis ins 2. Jh. v. Chr. polit. bedeutend. Ein A. P. soll als dictator 499 oder 496 v. Chr. die Schlacht am Lacus Regillus entschieden haben (Liv. 2,19-20). Von ihm leiteten sich die Albi bzw. Albini (Regillenses) ab, die mit dem mil. Versagen von P. [I 9] im Iugurthinischen Krieg am E. des 2. Jh. v. Chr. aus der Politik ausschieden. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] P., C. Etr. Eingeweideschauer, auch von Sulla aufgesucht Etr. Eingeweideschauer ( haruspex; har…

Name einer röm. plebeischen Familie, vielleicht etr. Herkunft [1. 185; 187]. Wichtigster Namensträger ist M. [I 3], im 1. Jh.v.Chr. ist die Familie polit. bedeutungslos. Lex Maenia ist der Titel einer Menippeischen Satire des Varro (Varro Men. 153-155). Das Gesetz betraf die hausväterliche Gewalt; Inhalt und Datier. sind umstritten [3. 1085 - 1121]. Eine weitere, wohl vor 290 v.Chr. erlassene, lex Maenia ordnete an, die “Zustimmung des Senats” ( auctoritas patrum) zu Wahlen schon vor der Verkündung des Ergebnisses einzuholen (Cic. Brut. 55). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Re…

Name eines röm. Geschlechts. Die überl. patrizischen Namensträger des 5. und 4. Jh.v.Chr. sind in ihrer Historizität umstritten, auf jeden Fall ist die frühe Familiengeschichte spätrepublikan. Ausschmückung. Auf diese Minucii führten sich die späteren Angehörigen (seit dem 3. Jh.v.Chr.) zurück. Prominentes Cognomen ist Augurinus (M. [I 1-3] und [I 5 und 6]), vom ersten plebeischen Augur M. [I 7] herrührend, erst nachträglich den frührepublikan. Angehörigen beigegeben. Der polit. Höhepunkt der Fa…

(auch häufig Popilius). Name einer plebeiischen gens, die seit dem 4. Jh. v. Chr. bezeugt ist. Die Familie pflegte einen gemeinsamen Grabkult (Cic. leg. 2,55). Ihr berühmtester Zweig waren die Laenates (zum Cogn. Laenas); seit der frühen Kaiserzeit unbedeutend. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] P. Laenas Augur, 44 v. Chr. Berater der Caesarmörder Augur (Cic. Att. 12,13,2), war 44 v. Chr. Berater der Caesarmörder und vielleicht versucht, sie an den Dictator zu verraten (App. civ. 2,484; 487). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2]…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, in the late Republic also often spelt Plotius, with no clear difference in use (cf. Claudius/Clodius). The earliest epigraphic evidence comes from Praeneste (among it the maker of the Ficoronian Cista, Novios Plautios, CIL I2 561), while the family in Rome achieved political eminence after 367 BC (Münzer therefore considers them to have migrated from Praeneste [1. 42; 44f.; 412]), providing seven consuls between 358 and 318; their migration may explain their interest in integrating Latini (cf. P. [I 5]…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, who probably came from Latium and was accepted into Roman nobility when Latium was integrated politically in 338 BC ( Latin law). The most important branches were first the Salinatores, then the Drusi (on the cognomen see Drusus). The third wife of Augustus and mother of the emperor Tiberius, Livia [2] Drusilla came from this branch (Stemma see Augustus; the family history of the branch is in Suet. Tib. 3). The line of the Salinatores was continued in the late Republic by the Livii Ocellae, who i.a. produced Livia Ocella, the stepmother of the emperor Galba [2]. E…

Italian surname (on its Etruscan connection cf. [1. 182f.]). In the 5th and 4th cents. BC we encounter the patrician family of the Lucretii Tricipitini (among others with the rare praenomen Hostus) which later died out; from the 3rd cent. BC onwards several plebeian families are known (Gallus, Ofella, Trio, Vespillo). The most important bearers of the name are Lucretia [2] from early Roman history and the poet L. [III 1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L. Prosecutor of M. Livius Drusus [I 5] Claudianus In 54 BC he prosecuted M. Livius Drusus …

Name of a Roman gens (in inscriptions also Muucius, CIL I2, 584, Greek Μούκιος/ Moúkios). Tradition tells us of the legendary C.M. [I 2] Cordus Scaevola; the great age of the family is perhaps demonstrated by the name Mucia Prata of a place to the east of the Tiber [1]. In the historical period (from the 3rd century BC) the family was plebeian and provided a series of significant lawyers (M. [I 5; I 8-9]). One of M. [I 4]'s sons was adopted by a P. Licinius Crassus and as P. Licinius [I 19] Crassus Dives Mucianus founded the reputation of this branch of the family of Licinii Crassi. I. Republican …

Name of an old patrician family. The tribus Sergia was named after it. The family is attested to have attained consulship in the 5th cent. BC (S. [I 5]) but did not achieve lasting importance in the historical period. The attempt of its best-known member, L.S. Catilina, to attain the consulship once more failed with the Catilinarian Conspiracy. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] S., M. The brother of L.S. Catilina (?) According to Plutarch (Sulla 32,3; Cicero 10,3), the brother of L.S. Catilina, killed by him in 81 and posthumously put on the proscriptions…

Name of a Roman family. According to tradition, its members of the 5th cent. BC (Atratini, S. [I 3-8]) are supposed to have been patricians and champions of patrician privileges (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 10,41,5; 10,42,3), an assumption that may have been a retrospective invention (the Sempronii only became patricians under Caesar or Augustus); in the historical period, we know only of plebeian branches of the family during the Republic (Asellio, Blaesus, Gracchus, Longus, Tuditanus) who played an important role in the 3rd and 2nd cents. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period …

(in Greek usually Μάλλιος/ Mállios, often confused in MSS with Mallius and Manilius). Name of a Roman patrician family, probably of Etruscan origin [1. 227]. It attained an early political zenith in the 5th and 4th cents. BC with the Vulsones and Capitolini branches (continued by the Torquati). Sources connect the family's history primarily with the repelling of the Celts ( M. [I 8] and [I 12]. Stemmata, details of which are uncertain: [2. 1157f., 1166]). A period of decline ended in about 260 BC wi…

Name of a patrician Roman family, derived from the praenomen Quintus (comparable to Sextus/ Sextius, etc.), often also Quintius in inscriptions and MSS. The origin of the family is unknown; its great age is suggested by its connection with the festival of the Lupercalia (Ov. Fast. 2,378 has Quintilii) and the unusual praenomen of the family, Kaeso, encountered in this context ( v. Q. [I 1]). Livy counts them among the families that migrated to Rome from Alba with King Tullius Hostilius (1,32,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7 mentions the Quinctilii). The Quinctii are mentioned many tim…

Römischer Gentilname (inschr. auch Muucius, CIL I2, 584, griech. Μούκιος). Die Überl. kennt den legendären C.M. [I 2] Cordus Scaevola; auf das hohe Alter der Familie weist vielleicht die Ortsbezeichnung der Mucia prata östlich des Tibers [1]. In histor. Zeit (ab dem 3. Jh.v.Chr.) war die Familie plebeisch und stellte eine Reihe von bed. Juristen (M. [I 5; I 8-9]). Ein Sohn von M. [I 4] wurde von einem P. Licinius Crassus adoptiert und begründete als P. Licinius [I 19] Crassus Dives Mucianus das Ansehen dieses Zweiges der Familie der Licinii Crassi. I. Republikanische Zeit …

Name einer röm. plebeiischen Fanmilie, in der späten Republik auch häufig Plotius geschrieben, ohne daß ein deutlicher Unterschied im Gebrauch festzustellen ist (vgl. Claudius/Clodius). Älteste inschr. Belege stammen aus Praeneste (darunter der Verfertiger der sog. Ficoronischen Ciste, Novios Plautios, CIL I2 561), während die Familie in Rom nach 367 v.Chr. zu eminenter polit. Bed. gelangte (Münzer hält sie deshalb für aus Praeneste eingewandert [1. 42; 44f.; 412]) und zw. 358 und 318 sieben Consuln stellte; die Zuwanderung erklärt vi…

Name eines plebeiischen Geschlechtes (die Verbindung mit der campanischen Stadt Pompeii ist unklar). Die Familie erlangte mit P. [I 1] polit. Bed.; auf ihn führt sich der Zweig der Rufi zurück. Ein verwandter Zweig gelangte mit P. [I 8] zum Konsulat und stellte mit dessen Sohn Cn. P. [I 3] Magnus den bedeutendsten Angehörigen der gens. Beide Linien setzten sich bis in die frühe Kaiserzeit fort (Stammbäume: [1; 2; 3]). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] P., Q. Consul 141 v. Chr. Wurde 141 v. Chr. als homo novus und beliebter Redner (Cic. Brut. 96) gegen den Widerstan…

Name einer röm. patrizischen Familie, abgeleitet vom Vornamen Quintus (vergleichbar Sextus/Sextius usw.), inschr. und hsl. häufig auch Quintius. Die Herkunft der Familie ist unbekannt; für das hohe Alter spricht ihre Verbindung mit der Feier der Lupercalia (Ov. fast. 2,378, dort Quintilii) und das in diesen Zusammenhang gehörende seltene Praen. der Familie Kaeso (s. Q. [I 1]). Livius zählt sie zu den Familien, die unter König Tullus Hostilius aus Alba nach Rom einwanderten (1,32,2; Dion. Hal. 3,29,7 nennt die Quinctilii). In der Obermagistratur erscheinen die Quinctii im 5. un…

Name einer röm. plebeischen Familie, die wahrscheinlich aus Latium stammte und mit dessen polit. Integration 338 v.Chr. (Latinisches Recht) in die röm. Nobilität aufgenommen wurde. Die wichtigsten Zweige waren zunächst die Salinatores, dann die Drusi (zum Cognomen s. Drusus); aus dieser Familie stammte auch die dritte Frau des Augustus und Mutter des Kaisers Tiberius, Livia [2] Drusilla (Stemma s. Augustus; die Familiengeschichte des Zweiges deshalb bei Suet. Tib. 3). Die Linie der Salinatores w…

(griech. meist Μάλλιος, hsl. oft mit Mallius und Manilius verwechselt). Name einer röm. patrizischen Familie, wohl etr. Herkunft [1. 227]. In den Zweigen der Vulsones und Capitolini (fortgesetzt von den Torquati) erreichte sie im 5. und 4. Jh.v.Chr. einen frühen polit. Höhepunkt; die Überl. verbindet die Familiengesch. v.a. mit der Abwehr der Kelten (M. [I 8] und [I 12]; Stammbäume - im einzelnen unsicher: [2. 1157f., 1166]). Nach einer Phase des Niedergangs bis um 260 v.Chr. traten die jüngere …

Ital. Familienname (zu dessen etr. Verbindung vgl. [1. 182f.]). Im 5. und 4. Jh.v.Chr. begegnet die patrizische Familie der Lucretii Tricipitini (u.a. mit dem seltenen Praenomen Hostus), die dann ausstirbt; seit dem 3. Jh.v.Chr. sind mehrere plebeische Familien bekannt (Gallus, Ofella, Trio, Vespillo). Bedeutendste Namensträger sind aus der röm Frühgesch. Lucretia [2] und der Dichter L. [III 1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] L. Ankläger des M. Livius Drusus [I 5] Claudianus Klagte 54 v.Chr. zusammen mit anderen den M. L…

Name of a Roman patrician family, probably originally from Cameria (hence the cognomen Camerinus); documented in the fasti from c. 500 BC. The otherwise rare praenomen Servius appears comparatively frequently and at times is even used in place of the nomen gentile (Tac. Hist. 2,48; Plut. Galba 3,1). The number of cognomina within the gens is high, but it has been impossible to identify clear branches. The link between the S. from the 3rd to the 2nd and 1st cent. BC is unclear. In the 2nd cent. BC, the most important branch of the family was that of…