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Common Roman cognomen ('venerable') . Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Greek grammarian (Πρεῖσκος/ Preîskos). The 3rd cent. AD PTurner 39 (PIenensis inv. 267), a book catalogue from a private library, presents at line 4 'a commentary on epic verses by P.' [2], who is identified as one of the two Prisci mentioned in Ov. Pont. 4,16,10 ( Priscus uter); he may be identical to Clutorius Priscus, the Roman equestrian and poet mentioned in Tac. Ann. 3,49 and Cass. Dio 57,20,3-4. Fornaro, Sotera (Sassari) Bibliography 1 SH 710 A 2 R. Otranto, Antiche liste di libri su papi…

(Ἱέραξ; Hiérax). [German version] [1] H. of Antiochia, strategos of Ptolemy VI after 146 BC H. of Antiochia, deserted Demetrius [7] I for Alexander [13] Balas (Diod. Sic. 33,3), and then deserted him in 146 BC for Ptolemy VI, whom he had proclaimed king by the Antiochenes (Diod. Sic. 32,9 c). He had a high position at the court and, as strategos (?) of Ptolemy VIII, he foiled the uprising of  Galestes, but then was eliminated by the king (Diod. Sic. 33,22; FGrH 87 F 4). PP 1/8,264; 2, 2163; 6, 17012. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] Commander in chief of Ptolemy IX in 88 BC Sent by Ptolemy…

(Δαμάσκιος; Damáskios) [German version] A. Life Neoplatonist, last head of the  Academy in Athens, born around AD 462 in Damascus, studied rhetoric around 479/80 with a certain Theon in Alexandria and there also was a member of the Platonist circle. Around 482/3 he went to Athens to teach rhetoric. Around 491/2 he gave up this career and initially studied propaedeutic sciences…

(Ἡγίας; Hēgías). [German version] [1] Sculptor, c. 490-480 BC Sculptor who signed the base of a lost b…

(Ἰάμβλιχος; Iámblichos). Personal name (regarding the form cf. [1]). [German version] [1] Syro-Arab ruler, middle of 1st cent. BC I., Syro-Arab ruler, probably identical with Phylarchus I of Arethusa and Emesa who was mentioned by Cicero (Fam. 15,1; 2). He was executed in 31 BC outside Actium in the army of Anthony. In AD 20 Augustus returned Emesa to his homonymous son (Cass. Dio 50,13,7; 51,2,2; cf. Str. 16,753). Gundel, Hans Georg (Gießen) Bibliography 1 Schürer 1, 234f., 25. [German version] [2] Neoplatonist, 3rd/4th cent. AD Neoplatonist of the 3rd/4th cents. AD Brisson, Luc (Pa…

(Εὐστάθιος; Eustáthios). [German version] [1] from Caria Rhetor of the 4th cent. AD, imperial administrator, consularis Syriae Rhetor of the 4th cent. AD; studied in Athens and later settled in Tyre. He held many offices in the imperial administration, and used them to enrich himself (i.a.: ration…

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I. Greece [German version] A. Terminology In ancient Greek, the term phýsis (φύσις, ‘nature’) is a nomen actionis derived from the root * bhu- (which probably implies the idea of coming into being, growth and development). It first of all denotes the state that results from the spontaneous development of a living being: hence the meanings of ‘siz…

(Ὀλυμπιόδωρος; Olympiódōros). [German version] [1] Athenian politician (end of the 4th cent. BC) Athenian, managed between 307 and 301 BC to induce Aetolia to enter into an alliance against Cassander and to relieve Elatea (Paus. 1,26,3; 10,18,7; 34,3). Although Demetrius [2] Poliorketes twice illegally appointed him (in 294/3 and 293/2) as eponymous árchōn (Dion. Hal. De Dinarcho 9; IG II2 378 = [1. D 70]; IG II2 389 and SEG 21,354; IG II2 649 = [2. 7f.]; Agora 16, 167; [3. 124 No. 9]; cf. in general Plut. Demetrius 34), O., when Athens seceded from Demetrius in 287/6, opposed the latter. From the city, he liberated the Museion (Paus. 1,26,1; 1,29,13; [4]); in 287/6, he defended Eleusis against the Macedonians, and in around 280 he won b…

[German version] (Νεμέσιος/ Nemésios). Bishop of Emesa (present-day Homs) in Syria, possibly identical with the governor of Cappadocia, to whom in AD 385 Gregorius [3] of Nazianzus sent three letters and a poem inviting him to convert to Christianity. Around 400 Nemesius wrote his work ‘On the Nature of Mankind (Περὶ φύσεως ἀνθρώπου/ …

[German version] (Θεοσέβιος; Theosébios). Neo-Platonic philosopher of the 5th cent. AD, known only through Damascius. According to the latter's Life of Isidorus (Phot. 56-59 and fr. 109-110 Zintzen = 45 A, B; 46 B, D, E Athanassiadi) T. published notes he took at two of Hierocles' [7] lectures in Alexandria [1] commenting on Plato's …

[German version] I Greek (Θεόδωρος; Theódōros). [German version] [I 1] Of Samos, Greek architect, bronze sculptor and inventor, Archaic period Multitalented Greek inventor, architect, bronze sculptor and metal worker ( toreutḗs; Toreutics) of the Archaic period from Samos (for the occupational image cf. architect). His father was Telecles (Hdt. 3,41; Paus. 8,14,8; 10,38,6) or according to other sources (Diog. Laert. 2,103; Diod. Sic. 1,98) Rhoecus [3]; his name is so frequently mentioned in conjunction with the latter that …

[German version] (Πρισκιανός Λυδός/ Priskianós Lydós). Neoplatonist of the 6th cent. AD, from Lydia. According to Agathias (II 30-31 = Suda, s. v. Πρέσβεις, Vol. 4, p. 192,18-29 Adler), P. was part of the group of philosophers who (along with Simplicius and Damascius) adhered to the old religion and sought refuge at the court of the Persian king Chosroes [5] I when the emperor Justinian [1] closed the Academy in Athens in 529. It was not long before their hopes in that regard proved to be illusory, and the philosophers returned to the Roman Empir…

(Σαλούστιος; Saloústios). [German version] [1] Greek grammarian Greek grammarian (perhaps 4th/5th cents. AD [3. 31]); author of a commentary on Callimachus' [3] Hekale (fr. 9; 29; 179 Hollis), the use of which can still be detected in the Suda [4. 13-18]. The attribution of an edition of the hymns of Callimachus [5. 78] and of the hypothesis to Sophocles' Antigone and Oedipus in Colonus [6. 17-20] is probable. Likely identical to the S. mentioned by Step…

[German version] (Ἑρκουλιανός; Herkoulaniós). Neoplatonist philosopher, died about AD 408. Only known from letters that his friend  Synesius wrote to him (137-146 Garyza). They lived together in Alexandria. Both attended lectures by  Hypatia, who introduced them to the works of Plotinus, Porphyrius and Iamblichus. Brisson, Luc (Paris) Bibliography Ch. Lacombrade, Synésios de Cyrène, Hellène et Chrétien, 1951, 50-63, 72-73.

[German version] Originally from Etruria, which explains his cognomen Gentilianus. ‘Amelius’ is actually a nickname ( supernomen) kept as forename. Plotinus wanted to call him Amerius (Porph. Plot. 7,1-5). A. was born between AD 216 and 226. He began his philosophical studies under the Stoic Lysimachus (Plot. 3,42-43). His admiration for Numenius brought him to a kind of Neoplatonism that was closely and substantially linked to  Neopythagoreanism. A. was part of the group under Plotinus in Rome from AD 246 until his departure in AD 269 (Plot. 3,38-42). During the year AD 270, he stayed in Apamea, Syria (loc.cit. 2,32-33). The year of his death must lie between AD 290 and 300.…

I. Griechenland [English version] A. Begriff Phýsis (φύσις, “Natur”) ist ein aus der Wurzel * bhu-, (die wohl die Vorstellung vom Ins-Sein-Treten, Wachsen und Sich-Entwickeln impliziert) gebildetes nomen actionis…

[English version] stammte aus Etrurien, daher sein cognomen Gentilianos. “Amelios” ist ein Spitzname ( su- pernomen), den er als Rufnamen annahm. Plotin wollte ihn seinerseits Amerios nennen (Porph. Vita Plotini 7,1-5). A. ist zwischen 216 und 226 n. Chr. geb. und begann seine philos. Studien bei dem Stoiker Lysimachos (Vita Plotini 3,42-43); seine Bewunderung für Numenios brachte ihn einem untrennbar mit dem Neupythagoreismus verbundenen Platonismus nahe. A. hielt sich von 246 an im Kreis des Plotin in Rom auf und verließ diesen im J. 269 ( vita Plotini 3,38-42). Im Jahre 270 ist er in Apameia, Syrien, anzutreffen (l.c. 2,32-33). Er muß zwischen 290 und 300 gestorben sein. In Plotins “Schule” hatte A. einen Lehrauftrag (Prokl. in Tim. II 3…

[English version] (Ἑρκουλιανός). Neuplatonischer Philosoph, gest. um 408 n.Chr. Bekannt nur durch die Briefe, die ihm sein Freund Synesios schrieb (137-146 Garyza). Mit diesem lebte er in Alexandria zusammen. Beide waren Hörer der Hypatia, die sie bei Plotinos, Porphyrios und Iamblichos einführte. Brisson, Luc (Paris) Bibliography …

[English version] A. Leben Neuplatoniker, letzter Leiter der Akademie in Athen, geb. um 462 n.Chr. in Damaskus, studierte um 479/80 bei einem gewissen Theon in Alexandreia Rhet. und verkehrte dort auch im Kreis der Platoniker. Um 482/3 ging er nach Athen, um dort Rhet. zu lehren. Um 491/2 gab er diese Karriere auf und studierte zunächst bei Marinos, der 485 die Nachfolge des Proklos angetreten hatte, propädeutische Wissenschaften, dann bei Zenodotos Philosophie. Um 515 kehrte D. nach Athen zurück, um Zenodots Nachfolge zu…