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Common Roman cognomen ('red-haired', 'redhead', Quint. Inst. 1,4,25). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] [- - -]us R. Proconsul of Pontus-Bithynia with an impressive monument in Rome Proconsul of Pontus-Bithynia, probably in the final period of the Republic or the first years of Augustus. An impressive monument was erected for him in Rome by more than six cities of the province (CIL VI 1508 = 41054; cf. IGUR 71).…

[German version] Roman cognomen probably of Etruscan origin, Iuventius [I 5-8]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schulze, 94.

[German version] Roman historian, probably of the 1st cent. AD, often cited as a source in Pliny's HN (HRR 12 317). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schanz/Hosius 2, 649.

[German version] Roman cognomen (probably for descent from Cales) in the gens  Fufia in the 1st cent. BC; frequent epigraphical attestations in the imperial age (ThlL, Onom. 79). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Roman nomen gentile of Sabine origin. Its members begin to appear in the sources late in the 3rd cent. BC. Politically the most important branch was that of the Terentii Varrones which attained the ranks of the nobility with T. [I 14] Varro, consul in 216 BC. From the mid-2nd cent., several families of this branch were in simultaneous and unconnected existence. …

Roman plebeian nomen gentile, often confused with Siccius; members of the family frequently appear as people's tribunes in the 5th cent. BC, but the family is otherwise insignificant. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., C. Tradition links S. with the origins and early development of the people's tribunate ( tribunus plebis ): S. was firstly the initiator of the secessio plebis of 494 BC and then one of the people's tribunes, subsequently elected for the first time (Liv. 2,32,2; 2,33,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 6,45,2; 6,89,2; cf. Diod. Sic. 11,68,8: S. as tr.pl. in 470 after their number had been increased to four), then aedile in 492 (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 7,14,2; Liv. 2,34,9) and as tr.pl. in 491 leader of the plebs in the internal struggles triggered by Coriolanus (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 7,33,1-34,2; 35,3-36,4; 61,1-3; Plut. Coriolanus 18,3-9; MRR 1,15; 17 f. with the praenomen L. in each case). Mülle…

Plebeian family name, attested from the 2nd cent. BC. (Schulze, 144; ThlL, Onom. 137f.). [German version] [1] C. Gallus, L. People's tribune 56 BC People's tribune 56 BC; he sought, without success, the reinstatement of Ptolemy Auletes in Egypt (MRR 2,209). In 56 BC, he was defended by Cicero (Fam. 7,1,4), in 51 BC in Athens frequently in his company, and visited him in Rome in 46 BC. He died in 44 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C. Gallus, L. Consul in 37 BC Son of C. [1], consul of 37 BC with M. Vipsanius  Agrippa (MRR 2,395; PIR 22 C 389). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) …

[German version] Tr. pl. in 133 BC, in a fight was the first to hit Ti. Sempronius [I 16] Gracchus with a chair…

Name of a plebeian (probably immigrant) family, attested in the 3rd-2nd cents. BC, but later disappeared (ThlL, Onom. 219f.; Schulze, 139, A.8; 403; 454). The quaestor and witness in the trial of Camillus in 391 BC, Sp. C. (MRR 1,93), may have been a later fabrication; there was also a chieftain of Britain by the name of C. (Caes. B Gall. 5,22,1).…

[German version] (also Caeso). Uncommon Latin praenomen, perhaps of Etruscan origin, abbreviated K.; according to ancient etymology it indicates a child born by Caesarean section (Liber de praenominibus 6; Fest. 50L; Plin. HN 7,47). Because K. appears among patrician families only in the Fabii and Quinctii, who were the first to hold the priesthood of the luperci, according to Mommsen it may denote the ritual ‘striking’ ( caedere) at the festival of the Lupercalia and originally have…

Plebeian gentilicium, also Coilius, in surviving manuscripts often confused with Caelius (Schulze 155; ThlL, Onom. 2, 523-525). Bearers of this name are documented since the 2nd cent. BC, usually belonging to the Tribus Aemilia. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C. Antipater, L. Historiographer, late 2nd cent. BC Possibly the brother of the senator C. Coelius C.f. [1; 2. 16], a highly educated scholar of law and rhetoric (Cic. Brut. 102; Dig. 1,2,2,40), considered the teacher and friend of L. Licinius Crassu…

[German version] Probably a gentilicium, not a cognomen. As quaestor and proquaestor, A. minted tetradrachmas in his name in Macedonia beginning in 94 BC (?). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography R. A. Bauslaugh, Silver Coinage with the Types of A. the Quaestor, 2000.

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘capable’, ‘upright’, ‘honourable’, from frux [1]), within the Republican nobility among the Calpurnii ( Calpurnius [I 20-23];  [II 5;  24];  [III 1]) and M. Pupius Piso F. Calpurnianus, in the Imperial period also among the Licinii and other families. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Walde/Hofmann 1, 552. …

[German version] Roman cognomen (designation of origin) used by Postumius  Cominius A. ( cos. 501 BC). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

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Oscan praenomen ( Egnatius [I 3]). Attested as a Roman nomen gentile from the 2nd cent. BC. The most important holder is the seven-time consul M. [I 1]; the prominent Imperial-period Spanish bearer of the name, M. [II 3], is probably a descendant of family members of that Marius. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] M., C. Seven-time consul, victor over Jugurtha and over the Cimbri and Teutoni, opponent of Sulla The seven-time consul; victor over Jugurtha and over the Cimbri and Teutoni. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] A. The rise to political prominence Born c. 157 BC near Arpinum, from an equestrian (but by no means ‘peasant’, as claimed by tradition) family with ties to Rome. He acquired early military experience: in 134 he served with particular distinction under P. Cornelius [I 70] Scipio at Numantia in Spain (acquaintance with Jugurtha), became military tribune and possibly fought under M'. Aquillius [I 3] or his successors in Asia [6. 30f.]. …

[German version] Together with  Spartacus a leader of the great slave rebellion in 73 BC. After C. left the main army in early 72, his troops were defeated and he was killed in Apulia by the consul L. Gellius [4] and the propraetor Q. Arrius [I 4] (Sall. Hist. 3,96 M.; Liv. Per. 95f.; App. B Civ. 1,540-543 et al.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Name of a Roman plebeian family (Schulze 169). I. Republican time [German version] [I 1] F., C. Roman envoy 438 BC in Fidenae Roman envoy, killed by the Fidenates in 438 BC (statue on the Rostra, Cic. Phil. 9,5; Liv. 4,17,2). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial period …

Roman family name, whose older and inscriptional form is Decumus (Schulze, 159), derived from  Decimus. Historic bearers of the name are documented since the 2nd half of the 2nd cent. BC. [German version] [1] D., C. Legate in Egypt 168 BC Legate in Crete in 171 BC, praetor peregrinus in 169, legate in Egypt in 168. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] D., Num. Leader of allies in the war against Hannibal 217 BC from Bovianum…