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[German Version] I. Old Testament The noun tôrāh (הרָוֹתּ) is usually derived from the verb הרי/ yrh, “show,” hiphil “instruct.” In Israelite wisdom literature, it denotes ethical and religious instruction by parents (Prov 1:8; 4:1; 6:20; 31:26) or sages (Prov 13:14) as well as religious instruction by priests (Jer 18:18). As a term denoting the law (Law and legislation: II; LXX: νόμος/ nómos), it stands at the end of an ongoing theologization of the law in ancient Israel, following the Deuteronomic centralization of the cult (Josiah) and the establishment of a central religious court in Jerusalem (Deut 17:8ff.). According to the Deuteronomistic narrative, Deuteronomy goes back to a Torah manuscript of Mosaic origin found in the temple (2 Kgs 22:8, 11; 23:24). It is ascribed to divine revelation (III; cf. Deut 5) and interpreted as the binding text of a covenant prior to Israel’s se…

[German Version] According to Exod 13:1…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies As with other divine attributes, the wrath of God (cf. Wrath/Anger) is an anthropomorphism that is encountered in iconography (I; e.g. of Thangkas [ …

[German Version] I. City Samaria (Heb. ןוֹרמְשֹׁ/Šomerôn) was the capital of the kingdom of

[German Version] The etymology of Levi and Levites (Heb. לֵוִי/ lēwî, לְוִיִּם/ lewîyim) is unclear – possibly from לוה/ lwh I, “person pledged for a debt,” or II, hypocoristically “client…

[German Version] I. Names and Terms – II. Religious Studies – III. Ancient Near East and Old Testament – IV. New Testament – V. Church History – VI. Philosophy of Religion – VII. Fundamental Theology – VIII. Dogmatics – IX. Judaism – X. Islam – XI. History of Art and Literature I. Names and Terms 1. Devil The secular Greek noun διάβολος/ diabolos comes from one of the meanings of the verb διαβάλλω/ diaballō, “separate, sever,” which led to meanings such as “accuse, slander, deceive.” From the Greek noun came Latin diabolus, from which the English “devil” derives. In the Septuagint (LXX), the Heb. שָׂטָן/ satan is translated diabolos, which is best rendered as “adversary.” In the Apocrypha, both devil ( 3 Bar. 4:8; As. Mos. 10:1) and Satan are found as well as the terms Beliar (mostly T. 12 Patr.), Mastema ( Jub. 10:11), and Samma'el ( 3 Bar. 4:8; esp. rabbinic writings). While the NT does not …