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[German version] Augustus established three cohorts on military lines for the purpose of 'policing' Rome (Police). They bore the numbers X-XII, which demonstrates their close association with the nine cohorts of the Praetorians. They were also accommodated in the same camp ( castra praetoria), while being under the command not of the praefectus praetorio , but the praefectus urbi . This could occasion differing political loyalties (cf. Suet. Claud. 10,3 after the death of Caligula). The UC had the maintenance of peace in the city as t…

Roman plebeian gentile name, derived from the individual cognomen Flavus (‘the blond one’) through the suffix of affiliation -ius, abbreviated form Fl. The bearers of the name that was already common in the Republican period were initially politically unimportant; F. [I 5] was the first one to attain to Roman nobility. In the Imperial period the name was spread further in the Roman empire as a result of the granting of citizenship by the Flavian Emperors Vespasian, Titus and Domitian (AD 68-96). In Late Antiquity (4th-6th cents.) F. was initially gentilicium of the family of  Consta…

[German version] [1] C.H. Priscus Praetor in 70 AD Came from Cluviae. His father had been   primipilus . Entry to the Senate before AD 49. Quaestor Achaiae at the latest in 49/50; his companion was P.  Celerius of Histonium (IEph 7, 1, 3043/4 = [1. 67ff.]). Legionary legate in Syria as quaestorian in 51. During this period he married Fannia, the daughter of  Clodius [II 15] Thrasea Paetus. People's tribune in 56; then no other office under Nero, a consequence of the link with his father-in-law and the Stoic-influenced ci…

(Πυθαγόρας/ Pythagóras). [German version] [1] Fictitious Spartan and adviser to Numa Pompilius Fictitious person, supposedly from Sparta, victor at the Olympic Games in 716 BC, emigrated to Italy where he became an adviser to king Numa Pompilius. It seems this person was constructed to establish a connection between P. [2] and Roman religion (Plut. Numa 1,2-3). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography F. …

[German version] [1] L. R. Quintianus Consul ord. in AD 289 Cos. ord. in AD 289, presumably only for the first two months of the year [1. 275 ff.]. He was a descendant of L. Ragonius Venustus, cos. ord. …

[German version] T. Mercello Persinus Marius. An equestrian from Cordoba, where he held municipal offices; p rocurator Augusti, probably in the first decades of the 1st cent. AD, possibly in Hispania Baetica (CIL II2 7, 311; II2 5, 1296). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] T. Sabinius Barbarus. Praetorian legate (of the legio III Augusta?) in Africa in AD 116/7 [1. 361 f.], cos. suff. in 118. Not to be identified with a Barbarus who is called ὑπατικός/ hypatikós (Latin consul) in IGR IV 494; cf. Syme, RP 3, 1303; PIR2 B 46. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139, in: Chiron 12, 1982, 281-362.

Frequently used cognomen, since the later Republic nearly always without reference to its meaning ‘stemming from Africa’. Used thus, e.g., by the poet P.  Terentius Afer [1]. [German version] [1] Cognomen used by the poet Martial Cognomen used by the poet Martial. Various persons are meant: 4,37; 78; 6,77; 9,7; 25; 10,84; 12,42. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Cousin of Caracalla A., cousin of Caracalla, who had him killed in 212 (SHA Carac. 3,6 f.; probably identical to L. Septimius Aper, cos. ord. 207 [2]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 205 2 A. …

Plebeian surname (ThlL, Onom. 264f.). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., Q. Aedile, 210 BC In 210 BC plebeian aedile, in 207 legate of the consul C. Claudius Nero. In 205 envoy to Delphi to deliver the booty resulting from the defeat of Hasdrubal (Liv. 28,45,12). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C. Vestinus, C. Military tribune under Antonius, 1st cent. BC Military tribune under Antonius 43 BC at Mutina, was taken prisoner by Plancus (Cic. Fam. 10,23,5). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] C. see  Caesius [II 4]. Eck, Wer…

Initially cognomen in the gens  Livia (ThlL, Onom. 3,256-260). According to Suet. Tib. 3,2, an otherwise unknown Livius (in the 3rd cent. BC) assumed the epithet, after he had won a duel with the Celtic leader Drausus, and passed it on to his family. Through  Livia's first marriage, with Ti. Claudius [I 19] Nero, the cognomen passed into the Claudian branch of the domus Augusta through her son Nero Claudius [II 24] (D. Maior), brother of the second Princeps  Tiberius; D. appears in the name of the son of D. Maior,  Germanicus, of the latter's son D. [II 2], …

[German version] Daughter of Didius [II 6] and wife to Cornelius [II 47] Repentinus. Coins bearing her name and the title Augusta were minted in April and May of AD 193. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 312.

[German version] [1] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 78 AD A native of Etruria; senator from the time of Nero; cos. ord. 78; governor of Syria from AD 78/79; married to Appia Severa (PIR2 C 603) [1. I 308; 2. 45 A. 22]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 106 AD Son of [1]. Cos. ord. AD 106 (PIR2 C 604). Married to one Plautia, their son being C. [3]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Commodus, L. = Aelius Caesar, L. Cos. ord. 136 AD Son of [2]. His maternal half-brother was M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus [3. 845]. Born on 13 January in about AD 1…

[German version] C.D. Staberianus. Cos. suff. together with L. Venuleius Montanus in an unknown year (AE 1958, 262; [1. 111]; for possible identifications see [2. 338ff.]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, RE Suppl. 14 2 Scheid, Collège.

[German version] Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus (in literary sources usually called L. Verus; his vita in the HA is less reliable). Roman emperor AD 161-169. Born on 15 December 130 as L. Ceionius Commodus, son of L. Ceionius [3] Commodus, who was adopted by Hadrianus in 136 but died on 1 January 138, and Avidia [1] Plautia (cf. stemma under Adoptive emperors). After the death of his father he and the later Marcus [2] Aurelius were adopted at Hadrian's command by Antoninus [1] Pius. His name after adopti…

(In an older form also Peinarius, CIL I2 1357; 2469f.). Name of a patrician gens. According to tradition, they maintained a cult for Hercules at the Ara Maxima together with the Potitii (further evidence there). Hercules himself - or Evander [1] - is said to have transferred the cult to them at an extremely early time. The derivation of the name from πεινᾶν ( peinân, 'starve') is a scholarly construction based on the P. having had the smaller share in the sacrifices for Hercules (Serv. Aen. 8,270, i.a.). The family was also traced back to Pinus, the ostensib…

[German version] [II 2a] A. C. Crispinus Suffect consul in AD 159 (CIL VI 32321 = [1]). The family probably came from Aspendus in Pamphylia; his sons could be A. Curtius Crispinus Arruntianus and A. Curtius Auspicatus Titinnianus (IGR III 803; CIL XIV 2695; 3030 = ILS 7788). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 P. Weiss, Ein Konsulnpaar vom 21. Juni 159 n. Chr., in: Chiron 29, 1999, 160-167. [German version] [II 9a] Cn.C. Severus praefectus alae [1]; also named in Tac. Ann. 12,55,1 f. He honoured Ummidius [2] Quadratus with a monument in an exedra in Apamea. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibli…

Plebeian family name (in MSS frequently confused with  Coelius), attested from the 2nd cent. BC. (ThlL, Onom. 24-26). I. Republican Age [German version] [I 1] C., C. praetor or propraetor in Gallia Cisalpina in 90 BC praetor or propraetor in Gallia Cisalpina in 90 BC (Liv. per. 73; MRR 2,25). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., C. see C.  Coelius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] C., M. People's tribune in the 2nd cent. BC People's tribune in the 2nd cent. BC, against whom Cato -- perhaps as censor in 184 BC -- directed a speech (ORF I4 46-48) [1. 86]. Elver…

Roman family name, probably derived from the Latin city of Norba [1] (‘man from Norba’). The family first attained Roman citizenship with N. [I 1], owing its advancement to Caesar and Augustus, and then disappeared. In the Imperial period N. was also a cognomen. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] N., C. Praetor 89 BC, homo novus Novus homo of non-Roman descent (the nomen gentile indicates origins from Norba [1]). As people's tribune in 103 BC and follower of L. Appuleius [I 11] Saturninus, he brought a case against C. Servilius Caepio ( cos. 106) over the defeat at Arausio in …

[German version] I. Republican period Italic family name (ThlL, Onom. 2, 543); from the 2nd cent. BC its bearers belonged to the Roman equestrian class, and during the imperial period occasionally acceded to the Senate. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 1] C., P. Roman eques from Spoletium, 1st half of the 1st cent. BC Roman knight from Spoletium, and an acquaintance of Cicero; in 74 BC with his brother C.C. unsuccessfully accused L. Aelius Staienus (Cic. Clu. 100), and in 66 and 65 the people's tribune C. Cornelius [I 2], defended by Cicero, for maiestas (Ascon. 59-62C; Ci…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, documented since the first cent. BC (the name in Liv. 4,54,3 is probably a later invention). Under Augustus the family attained the consulate, but it disappeared at the end of the first cent. AD. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., P. Praetor c. 58 or 52 BC, as propraetor of Bithynia et Pontus 51-50 BC addressee of laudatory letters from Cicero (Cic. Fam. 13,47; 61-65; cf. 7,21). S., who was regarded as an authority on Asia Minor, brought an inheritance lawsuit in 44 BC (Cic. Att. 7,1,8). His son is probably S. [II 7]. Fündli…

[German version] T. T. Rufus. Senator from Concordia in Upper Italy, where among other things an equestrian statue was raised to him (ILS 931; cf. 931a). After serving as quaestor and people's tribune, he became legatus Augusti with a legion. A praetorian in 18 AD, he was given the task of looking after the children of the Thracian king Kotys [I 9] as their tutor; this task, during which he also became involved in armed conflicts, lasted at least until 21 (Tac. Ann. 2,67,2; 3,38,3 f.). When he was accused of maiestas in 35 AD, he killed himself (Tac. Ann. 6,39,1). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliog…

Uncommon Latin praenomen , abbreviation V. The etymology of the name is unknown. Like the identical nomen gentilicium, it derives from the Osco-Umbrian Vībie/o-. Related nomina gentilicia were Vibidius, Vibuleius, Vibulenus. The praenomen and its feminine equivalent Vībia- were loaned into Etruscan as Vipie and Vipia respectively. The nomen gentilicium formed from that, Vipi(e)na, appears in Latinized form as Vibenna . Steinbauer, Dieter (Regensburg) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. Curius Prefect of Caesar, to whom troops of L. Manlius [I 18] Torquatu…

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Ancestor of V. [I 2] from Reate, who was told of a victory over Perseus [2] in a dream in 168 BC (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6; 3,13; Val. Max. 1,8,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V., P. Born c. 95 BC, d. after 42 BC. Presumably from Reate (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6 on V. [I 1]), V. achieved a political rise in Rome under the patronage of the Iulii Caesares: since he was married (schol. Bobiensia 149 St.) to Antonia, a niece of L. Iulius [I 6] Caesar, the latter as consul in 64 may have sponsored…

[German version] Torquatus N. Atticus. From Milan (Mediolan(i)um [1]). In the course of his career, N. served, probably under Tiberius inter alia, as tribune in Germania with the legio I, was tribunus vexillariorum legionum quattuor primae, quintae, vicesimae, vicesimae primae; and was finally posted to the province of Gallia Narbonensis as legatus ad census accipiendos et dilectum et proconsul, still under Tiberius. N. died there at the age of 44. According to Pliny (HN 14,144), he was one of Tiberius' drinking companions (CIL XIV 3602 = ILS 950). PIR2 N 175. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibli…

[German version] [1] P. V. Suffect consul in c. AD 54; pro-consul of Asia probably in 62/3 [1. 438-441]. Probably a brother of V. [2]. Bibliography 1 Vogel-Weidemann. [German version] [2] C. V. Severus Probably a brother of V. [1]. Suffect consul together with Cn. Hosidius [4] Geta in November/December AD 47 [1. 247]. Cf. CIL VI 8,3, p. 4784 ad 31767. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Camodeca, Tabulae Pompeianae Sulpiciorum, 1999.

Italian gens name, recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Friend of Cn. Pompeius [I 3], provoked mockery by Cicero (Cic. Att. 6,1,25) in March of 50 BC for his travelling in an ostentatious style and his collecting miniature portraits of married women. Possibly identical to V. [II 4]. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) II.Imperial period [German version] [II 1] P. V. Antoninus Citizen of Ephesus of equestrian rank. Praefectus cohortis and tribunus militum Legionis I Italicae (IEph III 726; 726a). In Ephesus itself he was a prýtanis, and a grammateú…

[German version] She was probably the daughter of Munatius [II 1], thus granddaughter of Munatius [I 4] and sister to Munatius [II 6]. This lineage gave her great self-confidence (Tac. Ann. 2,43,3). Probably the second wife of Cn. Calpurnius [II 16] Piso, whom she bore two sons, Cn. Calpurnius [II 20] Piso and M. Calpurnius [II 23] Piso. She was a member of the inner circle of friends of Livia [2], the mother of Tiberius. In AD 18, she accompanied her husband to Syria, where she played an importan…

[German version] [1] A. Cassius, C. Deputy commander to L. Verus in the Parthian War Came from Cyrrhus in Syria, son of A. [2] (SHA Marc. 25,12). Admitted into the Senate under Antoninus Pius; deputy commander to L. Verus in the Parthian War, in command of the legio III Gallica and auxiliary troops (Lucian. 31); conquered Seleucia and Ctesiphon (Cass. Dio 71,2,2ff.; 3,1); his contribution to the Parthian War was even recognized in Rome (Fronto Ad Am. 1,6) [1; 2. 141ff.]. Probably suffect consul in 166 [6. 181f.], also governor of Syria from a…

Roman family name (Schulze, 168, 276, A.7; ThlL, Onom. 2, 587), related to copo ‘innkeeper’ in popular etymology (Mart. 3,59), attested since the 1st cent. BC. [German version] [1] C., C. Praetor under Pompey 49 BC Cicero praised him and his brother T.C. as adulescentes in 56 BC (Balb. 53; Cael. 24). In 53 BC, he was praefectus in Syria, in 49 BC, praetor and mint master under Pompey (RRC 444), and in 48, as propraetor, he lost his fleet in a storm at sea. He is probably identical to the C. who was proscribed in 43 and who owed his life to his wife's …

[German version] [1] Father-in-law and military commander of the emperor Iovianus, 4th cent. AD Father-in-law of the emperor Iovianus (Amm. Marc. 25,8,9). In AD 350 L., probably as comes rei militaris, was successful against the Persians in the third siege of Nisibis (Zos. 2,45,2; 3,8,2). In 354 he was comes domesticorum of Constantius [5] Gallus (Amm. Marc. 14,11,14). In 361, as magister equitum, he unsuccessfully fought back Iulianus' advance [11] to Constantinople in Illyria (Amm. Marc. 21,9,5-10). Iovianus elevated him to the rank of magister equitum et peditum in 363 (Amm. Ma…

[German version] Equestrian from Nursia. Three times he was a tribunus [4] militum in a legion, including the Legio I, then a praefectus [5] castrorum, no earlier than the time of Augustus (Suet. Vesp. 1,3; cf. [1. 155-160]). His daughter was Vespasia Polla; one of his sons reached the rank of senator (cf. Vespasianus, with stemma). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Alföldy, Epigraphische Notizen aus Italien, in: ZPE 77, 1989, 155-180 2 Demougin, Nr. 192.

Roman patrician family name, probably derived from Etruscan fapi [1. 162]. According to ancient etymology, however, either from faba ‘(broad)bean’ (‘legume grower’: Plin. HN 18,10; [2]) or from the original ‘Fodius’, ‘Fovius’ (‘wolf pit hunter’: Plut. Fabius 1,2; Fest. 77 L.) because the Fabii with the Quinctii originally appointed the priesthood of the Luperci; the  Lupercalia were also the family celebration of the Fabii (Ov. Fast. 193ff.). Early Imperial pseudogenealogy, which perhaps arose in the literary ci…

[German version] M. S. Severianus Iulius Rufinus Acer Metilius Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor. A senator from the city of Limonum in Aquitania (AE 1981, 640), he was probably admitted to senatorial status from equestrian status. After quaestorship, people's tribuneship and praetorship he achieved command of a legion, the cura viae Flaminiae and praetorian governorship in Dacia (AD 150/1-153) and in 153 consulship. He was dispatched as consular legate to Cappadocia  by Antoninus [1] Pius. There he and his army were defeated by the Parthian…

[German version] Owner of brickworks near Rome in the time of Trajan (98-117), products of which survive in great numbers (CIL XV 52-60; 63-68; 339 etc.). She may have been a member of a senatorial family (cf. Plotius [II 3 and 4]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, Nr. 620  PIR2 P 524.

[German version] Rhetoric instructor of  Commodus (SHA Comm. 1,6; Ateius or Attius, according to AE 1961, 280 to emend). Equestrian procurator, among other things ab epistulis Graecis, a rationibus; praef. Aegypti 179/180 [1]. Acceptance into the Senate, cos. suff. around 184, praef. alimentorum; his grave inscription erected by M. Aurelius Cleander (AE 1961, 280). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Bastianini, Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30a al 299p, in: ZPE 17, 1975, 263-328 2 W. Eck, s. v. T. Aius Sanctus, RE Suppl. 14, 40 f.

[German version] [1] O. Sabinus Accuser of Marcius [II 2] Barea Soranus Roman eques who accused Marcius [II 2] Barea Soranus in 66 and was awarded 1,2 million sesterces and the Ornamenta Quaestoria. PIR2 O 161. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M. O. Scapula Senator and official (1st cent. AD), son of O. [4] Senator who served in the army in Britain under his father O. [4] and was awarded the corona civica for rescuing citizens (Tac. Ann. 12,31,4). In 59 cos. suff. Although he had saved the praetor Antistius [II 5] Sosianus from indictment, the latter accused him lat…

Name of a Roman plebeian family probably deriving from the Italic praenomen Pompo, tracing back, like the Aemilii, Calpurnii and Pinarii, to one of the sons of Numa Pompilius (Plut. Numa 21,2; cf. Nep. Att. 1,1). In the 3rd century BC the Mathones (cf. P. [I 7-9]) achieved consulship, but later the family was insignificant. The most prominent member was a friend of Cicero, T. P. [I 5] Atticus. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P., Cn. People's tribune in 90 BC People's tribune in 90 BC, killed in the Civil War in 82; Cicero quite often heard him in his youth; his j…

[German version] [1] T.C.Mancia Cos. suff. 55 AD Suffect consul in AD 55 [1. 267]; governor and commander of the Upper Germanic army from 56 until at least 58 [2. 25f.]. We are uncertain whether he became proconsul of Africa (PIR2 C 1605; [3. 214ff.]). Re the bequeathing of his fortune, see Domitia [II 7]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography G. Camodeca, L'archivio Puteolano dei Sulpicii I, 1992 2 Eck, Statthalter 25f. 3 Vogel-Weidemann.

Name of a plebeian gens (cf. Tac. Ann. 6,15,1), the representatives of whom have been known historically since the middle of the 3rd cent. BC. The most important family, especially in the 1st cent. BC, are the Cassii Longini. A patrician C. (around 500 BC, C. I 19) is rare. I. Republican age [German version] [I 1] C., C. Governor of Asia 89-88 BC Praetor 90 BC (?), in 89-88 governor of the province of Asia whence he, with M'. Aquillius [I 4], induced Nicomedes of Bithynia to attack  Mithridates (MRR 2,34). He then had to retreat from the victorious Mithridat…

Roman family name, variant of Venilius (Schulze, 378; 458). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] L. V. Apronianus Octavius Priscus Son of V. [4]. Cos. ord. in AD 123; procos. of Asia 138/9, SEG 36, 987. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Scheid, Collège, 338-342. [German version] [2] L. V. Apronianus Octavius Priscus Senator. Son of V. [1]. Although a Patrician, after a praetorship he took on command of the Legio I Italica in Moesia Inferior. Cos. suff. under Antoninus [1] Pius; also a consular legate in Hispania Tarraconensis. Cos. ord. II in AD 168. Eck, Werner (Cologne) B…

[German version] [1] Epithet, conferred for a victory over Germanics Epithet, first conferred to Nero  Claudius [II 24] Drusus posthumously by the Senate in 9 BC, for his victories over Germanic tribes; adopted by his successors G. [2], Caligula, Claudius, Nero. Vitellius gave the name to his son. From the time of Domitian, it was again granted by the Senate for victories over Germanic tribes, namely to Nerva, Trajan, and Marcus Aurelius. The intensification 'G. maximus' is found from Commodus to Gratianus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography P. Kneißl, Die Siegestitulatur der röm…

[German version] [1] T.M. Senator in the Augustan period Senator in the Augustan period IVvir viarum curandum, quaestor, tribunus plebis, praetor, possibly proconsul. Father of M. [2] (CIL VI 1467 = 41053). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] T.M.Pollianus Consul AD 40 or 43/4 Son of M. [1], from the tribus Arnensis. Decemvir stlitibus iudicandis, quaestor, tribunus plebis, praetor, curator viarum, praefectus frumenti dandi, proconsul provinciae Galliae Narbonensis, consul either in AD 40 or AD 43/4 [1.263]. In AD 48, he may have been accepted as a member…

Praenomen of Oscan origin, particularly widespread in Upper Italy (cf. S. Gellius [3], S. Abbius Oppianicus); later also occurring as nomen gentile with many variants [1. 37, 237, 469]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A Samnite, in 90 BC a leader of the Itali in the Social Wars [3], later (81?) on the Roman side. Proscribed at the age of 80 in 43 BC, he distributed his property and burned himself to death in his empty house (App. B Civ. 4,102). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] A slave and close friend of Cicero's brother Quintus, from 61 to 59 BC Quintus' pro…

Plebeian family name, documented in Rome since the 1st cent. BC (on the derivation of asinus [1], on Etruscan parallels [2]). The family, whose most famous name-bearer was Asinus Pollio, originally came from Teate Marrucinorum (modern Chieti), was a member of the patrician class since the Augustan period and was particularly prominent in the 1st cent. AD. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] A. Senator (mid-1st cent. BC) Senator, supporter of Antony at Mutina in 43 BC (Cic. Phil. 13, 28). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Hug, s.v. Spitznamen, RE 3 A, 1829 2 Schulze, 129. …

[German version] L. T. Rufus. Possibly from Liburnia ([1. 105-135], but cf. [2. 563]), of lowly origins (Plin. HN 18,37). He was involved in leading sea operations at Actium (Cass. Dio 50,14,1), probably already a senator at the time. He acquired a large estate in Picenum (Plin. HN loc.cit.), possibly proconsul of Cyprus: IGR 3, 952. He took part, in c. 16 BC, in campaigns in Macedonia (Cass. Dio 54,20,3), possibly as ( legatus) pro pr( aetore) (AE 1936, 18), but possibly only as promagistrate pro pr( aetore). In 16 BC cos. suff. According to Frontin. Aq. 102,3 f., in AD 23 a…

[German version] T. M. Severus. Consul suffectus in December 202 AD. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography B. Pferdehirt, Vier neue Militärdiplome im Besitz des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, in: Arch. Korrespondenzblatt 31, 2001, 61-280, bes. 266 ff.

[German version] This term designates the Roman emperors of the 2nd cent. The limits of its application are not strictly defined. Normally it covers only the time from  Antoninus [1] Pius to  Commodus (180-192), as all these emperors bore the name Antoninus, as in [1] below. In the same context both  Caracalla and  Elagabalus should be included, since both bore the name; albeit stemming from a belated and fictive adoption. Others use it to cover the time from  Nerva to Commodus, as in [2], from  H…

[German version] Praetorian tribune, who instigated the killing of consul Iulius Vestinus in AD 65 under Nero's orders (Tac. Ann. 15,69). His brother is possibly L.G. Fronto (CIL III 14387 g.h = IGLS VI 2786/7). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography B. Dobson, Die Primipilares, 1978, 201f.

Name of an Italian gens, attested in Setia (consequently Oscan? ILS 6130) and several trading towns. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] (P.) Lepta, Q. Friend of Cicero and his praefectus fabrum in Cilicia, 51-50 BC Friend of Cicero and his praefectus [7] fabrum in Cilicia 51-50 BC (Cic. Fam. 3,7,4; 5,20,4 et passim). Cic. Fam. 9,13,1-3 points to Cales in Campania as his homeland, where ILS 5779 must attest himself or a son (on the identity [1. 6]). P. often appears in Cicero's letters (e.g. as addressee of Fam. 6,18-19), for the last time in November 44 (Att. 16,15,3). Fündling, Jörg …

[German version] [1] Roman emperor, born AD 51 Roman emperor; original name T. Flavius Domitianus = Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] A. Up to the death of Titus Born on 24 Oct. AD 51 in Rome; his parents were T. Flavius  Vespasianus and Flavia Domitilla. D. spent his childhood in Rome; he did not accompany his father Vespasian to Judaea. His life was first threatened in the 2nd half of 69 during the reign of Vitellius, when D.'s father had already been proclaimed emperor, and fightin…

[German version] [1] Perhaps a descendant of V. [2], mentioned in Statius According to Statius [II 2] (Silv. 4,6,94) V. died at an early age and rivalled his forbears. Probably of noble origin, perhaps a descendant of V. [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M. V. Atticus See M. Iulius [II 147] V. Atticus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] L. Iulius V. Greek lexicographer, first half of the 2nd cent. Greek lexicographer, first half of the 2nd cent. AD, Superintendent of the Mouseion in Alexandria, procurator of the Roman and Greek libraries and …

Hereditary cognomen in the younger line of the Claudii family (Claudius; from the 2nd half of the 3rd cent. BC); according to ancient etymology of Sabine origin, meaning ‘brave’ (Suet. Tib. 1.2; Gell. NA 13.23.7f., etc.). With Livia's children [2] from her first marriage with Ti. Claudius [I 19] Nero - the later princeps Tiberius and N. Claudius [II 24] Drusus (the Elder) - the name passed into the Julio-Claudian imperial house (stemma: Augustus). Whereas Tiberius retained N. as an epithet, his brother bore it as praenomen, as did their sons Drusus [II 1] (the Younger) and…

[German version] Friend of Martial who came from Emerita in the province of Lusitania, but acted as a lawyer ( causidicus) in Rome (Mart. 1,61,10; 2,5). He was a friend of literature to whom Martial dedicated his second book of epigrams. Follower of Stoic philosophy. In Martial, he only appears in book 1 and 2. PIR2 D 20. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] A. S. Clodianus. Senator, who is probably identical to the Asellius Claudianus mentioned in the Historia Augusta (HA Sept. Sev. 13,1). Suffect consul before 193 AD, the year in which he is recorded as curator operum publicorum (AE 1974, 11; [1. 236]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Kolb, Bauverwaltung.

(also frequently Popilius). Name of a Plebeian gens attested from the 4th cent. BC. The family maintained a joint funeral cult (Cic. Leg. 2,55). Its most famous branch was the Laenates (with regard to the cognomen Laenas); insignificant from the early Imperial period onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] P. Laenas Augur, in 44 BC adviser of the murderers of Caesar Augur (Cic. Att. 12,13,2), in 44 BC was the adviser of the murderers of Caesar and may perhaps have been tempted to betray them to the dictator (App. B Civ. 2,484; 487). Fündling, Jörg (B…

[German version] L.M. Pollio. Senator. During his tenure as consul designatus in AD 49, and at the urging of Agrippina [3], he proposed to the Senate that Claudius [III 1] should marry his daughter to the son of Agrippina [3], the future emperor Nero (Tac. Ann. 12,9). He is attested as consul in May of the same year. PIR2 M 126. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] L. M. Macer Proconsul of Achaia, after AD 44…

[German version] Equestrian official, who, as Praeses provinciae Numidiae, dedicated a gate building, designed with a groma, in Lambaesis (see city plan no. 10c) in AD 268 still under Gallienus (CIL VIII 2571 = 18057 = AE 1974,723;  cf. [1]). Under Claudius [III 2] Gothicus he continued in office there (AE 1936,58; ILAlg II 1,24). He is probably identical to the Probus who, as Praefectus Aegypti in 269, was victorious over the Marmarites in Cyrenaeca and founded the city of Claudiopolis (AE 1934,257). According to Zos. 1,4,4 he fought for…

[German version] Daughter of the imperial freedman C. Iulius [II 36] Callistus and a seamstress; mother of C. Nymphidius [2] Sabinus. PIR2 N 251. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] C. P. Sabinus Homo novus, cos. ord. AD 9 His family is presumably from Interamna Praetuttiorum, not Pompeii. Homo novus; his brother was P. [2]; father of  Poppaea [1] Sabina and father-in-law of T. Ollius. Promoted by Augustus and above all Tiberius. In 9 AD, extraordinarily for a homo novus, he became cos. ord. Shortly thereafter, probably in 11 AD, he was sent to Moesia; he was presumably the first to organize it as an independent province. In 15, he was also placed over Achaea and Macedonia, and so held overarching command …

Italian family name [1. 185; 469], with an uncertain connection to the Roman tribus Maecia. M. is encountered first among Rome's Latin neighbours (Liv. 10,41,5), from the 2nd cent. BC on, also in inscriptions from Delos (ILS 9417; SEG 1,334) and Lucania (ILS 5665). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] M. Geminus Died in 340 BC in a duel with Torquatus From Tusculum, challenged T. Manlius [I 12] Torquatus to a duel and fell during the Latin War in 340 BC, according to legend (Liv. 8,7,2-12).…

[German version] [1] Official under Domitian, originally from Egypt Originally from Egypt, perhaps formerly a slave. In Iuvenal 4,108 he is mentioned as a participant in Domitian's consilium on the Albanum (cf. [1. 532, n. 76]: perhaps praef. annonae; [2. 69f.]: courtier). Since Martial 7,99 is addressed to him, he was in any case an influential man at Domitian's court (PIR2 C 1586). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 7 2 B. W. Jones, The Emperor Domitian, 1992. [German version] [2] A. A[..]cius C. (IEphes. III 517; VII 3045) see A.  Larcius Crispinus. Eck, Werner (Cologn…

Roman family name, frequently attested in inscriptions, also in the form Cavius [1. 76f.]; in the Republican period its bearers are still politically insignificant; also a Faliscan praenomen [2. 103]. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] G., P. Crucified as a spy of Spartacus 72 BC from Compsa (Lower Italy), was captured and crucified in Sicily in 72 BC by C.  Verres as an alleged spy of the slave leader  Spartacus (Cic. Verr. 2,5,158-170). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] G. Bassus Roman grammarian and antiquarian of the late Republic Roman grammarian and…

[German version] [1] In 88 BC, F. hid the ostracized C. Marius in her house in Minturnae In 88 BC, F. hid the ostracized C. Marius in her house in Minturnae, after he had helped her to win back her dowry in a divorce case in 100 BC against C. Titinius (Val. Max. 8,2,3; Plut. Marius 38,3-9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Daughter of Clodius [II 15] Full name perhaps Clodia F. Daughter of the senator and Stoic Clodius [II 15] Thrasea Paetus and of Arria [2]. Wife of Helvidius Priscus, whom she accompanied into exile under Nero and Vespasian. He…

Widespread plebeian gentilicium, verifiable since the 5th cent. BC, alternative form Ateilius, Greek Ἀτείλος, Ἀτίλλιος ( Ateílos, Atíllios; Schulze 151; 440; ThlL 2,1172f.). A M.A. under Tarquinius Priscus (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,62,4) is fictional. The most important families are in the 3rd cent. BC the Atilii Reguli, in the 2nd and 1st cents. the Sarani (in the newer form Serrani). In the imperial era the significance of the bearers of this name declines in public life.   Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republic [German version] [I 1] Author of  palliata, 2nd cent. BC Author of  palli…

Roman nomen gentile, in its older form, Papisius (Cic. Fam. 9,21,3), from which one of the 16 old rural tribes ( tribus ) took its name. The patrician gens formed several branches at an early time (5th/4th cents. BC: Crassi, Cursores, Mugillani, 3rd cent.: Masones) who played a significant role in the military successes of the Republic, but became either extinct no later than the 2nd cent. BC or politically insignificant. The younger plebeian branch of the Carbones rose in the 2nd half of the 2nd cent. and gained notoriety…

I Greek [German version] [I 1] Greek rhetor, prob. late 3rd/4th cent. (Τιβέριος/ Tibérios). Greek rhetor, probably of the late 3rd or 4th cents. AD, author of a small surviving treatise on figures (Περὶ τῶν παρὰ Δημοσθένει σχημάτων, Perì tòn parà Demosthénei schēmáton, 'On the figures in Demosthenes'), which uses Apsines as its main source. The latter's dates (1st half of 3rd cent. AD) are thus the only point of reference for dating T. The treatise deals separately with figures of thought (1-22) and figures of speech (23-42; Figures). E…

(Σωσίβιος/ Sōsíbios). [German version] [1] Egyptian statesman, 3rd cent. BC Son of Dioscurides, father of Ptolemaeus [32], Sosibius [2] and Arsinoe [II 5]; from Alexandria; still under Ptolemaeus [6] III he won victories in the diaulos at the Ptolemaia, in the agéneioi ('beardless') wrestling at the Panathenaea and in chariot racing at the Isthmia and Nemea (Callim. fr. 384 Pfeiffer; [1. 144-149; 2. 79-81]). At the time there was already talk of endowments for Zeus Kasios in Pelusium and the Heraeum (of Argos?). S., who was honoured on Delos c. 240 BC (IG XI 4, 649), was probably…

Name of a Roman family (also often given as Vetusius; on the origin of the gens Veturia [1. 284]), for which the tribus Voturia was named [2. 42]. The Veturii played a prominent political role in various phases of the Republic: from the beginning of the Republic to the leges Liciniae Sextiae (367 BC) with the Veturii [I 3-6] Cicurini, in the time between 334 and 321 with V. [I 1], and in the time of the 2nd Punic War with the Veturii [I 7-8] Philones. While the patrician status of the Cicurini and Philones can be regarded as certain (but cf. [3.…

[German version] L. S. Proculus, senator, perhaps of equestrian origin. On his career: AE 1969/70, 601 and IEph VII 1, 3037. After serving as praetor, he became the legate of the procos. of Asia on the insulae Cyclades, probably upon the special request of Marcus Aurelius and Verus, then i uridicus per Flaminiam et Transpadanam, legate of the legio XXX Ulpia in Xanten; praetorian governor of Cilicia, later of Galatia as well. Cos. suff. in c. AD 180. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Alföldy, Konsulat 200; 345  W. Eck, Zur Verwaltungsgeschichte Italiens unter Marc Aurel, in: ZPE …

[German version] [1] Macedonian commander (320-319 BC) Son of Iolaus,  399/398 BC, was certainly already active militarily and diplomatically under  Philippus and under his father  Amyntas and brothers. He was especially connected with  Alexander [4] and secured his throne after the murder of Philippus. During Alexander's invasion in Asia he remained with half of the Macedonian army as governor of Europe. He monitored Greece and sent mercenaries and Macedonian contingents during the first year of the …

[German version] Wife of the consul Vestricius Spurinna, to whom Plin. Ep. 3,10 is addressed. Possibly from the Transpadana [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 7, 488, 542f.

Roman family name (also Offellius, Offillius etc.), probably from the Oscan praenomen Of(f)ellus, which also appears as a cognomen (a landowner in Venusia: Hor. Sat. 2,2,2f.; 53f.; 112ff.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] O. Tribunus militum, 36 BC Tribunus militum in 36 BC, mocked rewards handed out by Octavian (Augustus) as paltry, whereupon according to Appian he vanished without trace (App. B Civ. 5,532f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] O., A. Roman jurist Jurist, see Ofilius Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2a] O. Ferus, C. Campanian …

[German version] Ti. O. Severus. Senator whose name used to be read as T. Iul(ius) Clatius Severus (PIR2 I 268). The correct name has now become known through a military award certificate that attests him as cos. suff. around AD 169-172 [1. 9ff.]. He is named, probably as the governor of Pontus-Bithynia, in 174 on a lead weight that is thought to come from Nicomedia (IGR I 524). PIR2 I 268. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 H. Wolff, Neue Militärdiplome aus Künzing, in: Ostbairische Grenzmarken 41, 1999.

[German version] L.(?) S. Secundus. senator; cos. suff. under Hadrian. Thereafter, probably in c. AD 124/5, consular governor of Cappadocia (AE 1968, 504); cf. [1.160-163]. Brother in law of Minicius [4] Fundanus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter, in: Chiron 13, 1983, 147-237.

[German version] [1] Conspirator against Commodus At first a soldier, then ringleader of a group of rebels, with whom he exercised considerable influence through raids in Gaul and Hispania. If the bellum desertorum (War of the Deserters) can be connected with him, the legio VIII Augusta, which was stationed in Argentorate, fought against him. When M. tried to kill Commodus himself, he is said to have been betrayed by other members of his movement and was executed (HA Comm. 16,2; Hdn. 1,10; 11,5; [1. 178ff.]; cf. also [2. 69f.]). PIR2 M 363. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Th. Grünewald,…

[German version] [1] M. Achaica Wife of Sulpicius Galba (cos. in 5 BC) Granddaughter of  Q. Lutatius [4] Catulus, cos. in 78 BC, and proneptis (‘great-niece’) of L. Mummius [I 3] Achaicus, the conqueror of Corinth (Suet. Galba 3,5). M. was married to Sulpicius Galba, cos. in 5 BC; her son was later the emperor Galba [2]. PIR2 M 712. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M. Laevilla Senator's wife of the Mummii Sisennae family Senator's wife with an estate in Apulia (CIL IX 220; AE 1980, 279). She presumably belonged to the Mummii Sisennae family [1. 347]. PIR2 M 713. Eck, Werner (Cologne) B…

A rare Roman family name, probably derived from Plancus. We know of Plancii from Atina (P. [1-2]) in the 1st cent. BC, and of Plancii from Perge in the 1st -2nd cents. AD. [German version] [1] P., Cn. Tax farmer, 1st cent. BC Of an old equestrian family from Atina (Cic. Planc. 32; cf. CIL X 5075; 5119). He served under Licinius [I 15] Crassus in Spain, probably in 96-93 BC. Thereafter active as a tax farmer ( P ublicani ). In 61-59 BC he distinguished himself as the spokesman for the tax farmers of Asia in a dispute about an inheritance concerning tax…

The cognomen O. can be found in several senatorial families of the Imperial period (cf. PIR2, vol. 5, 461-463). [German version] [1] Third husband of Vistilia Third husband of Vistilia; the marriage produced a son (Plin. HN 7,39). Probably the grandfather of P. Cornelius [II 50] Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus. PIR2 O 139. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Syme, RP, vol. 2, 812. [German version] [2] Lover of Faustina [3] According to the Historia Augusta (SHA Aur. 29,1), O. was a lover of Faustina [3]; Marcus [2] Aurelius is said to have promoted him nonetheless. It is…

(Old Latin Loucios, Greek Λεύκιος/ Leúkios or Λούκιος/ Loúkios, abbreviation L., in the east of the empire also Lu.). Roman praenomen. Etymologically related to lux (‘light’) [4. 823], according to ancient derivation ‘the one born at first daylight’ (Varro, Ling. 5,60; Fest. 106; Liber de praenominibus 5). A late invention is the derivation of L. as ‘descendant of the Etruscan Lucumones’ (Liber de praen. op.cit.) to explain the first name of the Roman king L. Tarquinius Priscus, who was originally called Lucumo. L. i…

[German version] [1] M.O. Senator, 1st cent. AD Senator who, along with other senators, accused Titius Sabinus in the Senate of being a friend of Germanicus [2]. He was later called to account for this. PIR2 O 126. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M.O.Navius Fannianus Senator from Neapolis Senator from Neapolis; it is uncertain whether he was a descendant of O. [1]. According to IG XIV 719 (= IGR I 431 = [1. 20ff. no. 6], he possibly lived as late as the 2nd/3rd cent. AD. PIR2 O 127. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 E. Miranda (ed.), Iscrizioni greche d'Italia. Napoli I, 1990.

In the 1st cent. BC, vernacular form of the gentilicium  Claudius (C. [I 4] and  Clodia), since late Republican period also an independent family name. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., C. Praefect of M. Brutus in 43/42 BC In 43/42 BC follower and prefect of M. Brutus; he murdered C. Antonius [I 3]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., Sex. Henchman of P. Clodius [I 4] Pulcher, Sex. Cloelius [2] Henchman of P. Clodius [I 4] Pulcher, Sex.  Cloelius [2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] C. Aesopus Tragic actor, 2nd half of the 1st cent. BC Tragic …

Roman family name, evident from the 3rd. cent. BC, in Rome from the 1st cent. (Schulze, 135 ThlL, Onom. 49-51). I. Republican Age [German version] [I 1] C., L. Mint master 112 or 111 BC Mint master 112 or 111 BC (RRC 298), perhaps identical with the praetor or propraetor of Hispania ulterior of 104 BC (AE 1984, 495). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography D. Nörr, Aspekte des röm. Völkerrechtes, 1989, 24-27. [German version] [I 2] C., M. Praetor in 75 BC Praetor in 75 BC. (Cic. Verr. 2,1,130; MRR 3,44f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial Age [German version] [II 1] C. Anthianus, …

[German version] [1] Freedman of Nero's Freedman of Nero's, who in AD 69 held a banquet for the citizens in Carthago on the occasion of Otho's installation as emperor (Tac. Hist. 1,76,3; PIR2 C 1576). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Cynical philosopher mid-2nd cent. AD Cynical philosopher from the mid-2nd cent. who attacked Justin as well as Christianity (Justin. Apol. 2,3; Euseb. Hist. eccl. 4,16). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Senator; quaestor in the province of Asia in AD 209 at the earliest (AE 1998, 1361 f.); positively identical to the consular governor of Germania superior in 229 AD. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Eck, Statthalter, 91 f.

[German version] Full name (Ser. Sulpicius) I. Marcianus. Freedman of  Galba [2], who had remained behind in Rome during Galba's governorship in Tarraconensis. Imprisoned by Nero following Galba's acclamation; freed after Nero's death, he rushed to Spain in only seven days to bring Galba the news. He received the gold ring of the equestrian order from Galba and probably the restitutio natalium. He exerted great influence on Galba, allegedly was able to dominate him - although this opinion is more likely to be a reflection of social prejudice in the source…

Rare Roman nomen gentile (epigraphically Numesius, ILS 9231). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] One of the praetors of the Latin league in 340 BC One of the two chief magistrates ( praetores) of the Latin League, who, with his colleague L. Annius [I 3], attempted to enforce perfect equality between the Latins and the Romans in 340 BC, firstly through negotiations and then by means of war; he also continued the war after the defeat of the Latins on Mt. Vesuvius (Liv. 8,3,9; 11,5-12). Müller, Christian (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] N. (?) Nucula Membe…

[German version] Q.L. Sabinus. Equestrian; procurator of the province of Noricum between AD 135 and 138. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography RMD II 93; PIR2 L 285.

[German version] V. is supposed to have been the name of the grandmother of  Elagabalus [2]  (SHA Opil. 9, 1-3; SHA Heliog. 10,1; 12,3; 31,4). This may have been a fiction based on the name of Elagabalus' father (see Varius [II 6] Marcellus). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Name of a patrician gens, of Etruscan origin, which brought forth two figures of significance in the early Republican period. Only in the 1st cent. BC does evidence appear for further bearers of the name. I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] L. (Flavus or Rufus ?), T. Consul in 501 and 498 BC, first dictator of Rome Consul in 501 and 498 BC (InscrIt 13,1,88; 350-53). The written record, up to Festus (216 L.), names L. as the first dictator of Rome (MRR I 9f.; 11f.), but it is divided on whether L. occupied the office during his 1st (Liv. 2,18,4-7 …

[German version] [1] Comic poet, 2nd cent. BC Roman comic poet in the palliata genre, younger contemporary of Terentius [III 1], died according to Hier. Chron. p. 148 Helm 104 BC. Fragments survive of 13 plays with uniformly Greek titles; his main source was Menander [4]. With Caecilius [III 6] and Terence, who was dramaturgically close to him, T. represents the increasingly Hellenizing and Classicizing development of palliata, whereas multiplicity of metre and colour of language separate him from the stylistic purity of Terence and rather link him to Plaut…

[German version] [1] V. Quadratus, C. From Sestinum (? cf. [1]), military tribune of Caesar in Gaul, primarily for 'commando raids', put to the test in the assault on Octodurus in 56 BC, as a scout before the landing in Britain in 55 and in the relief of Q. Tullius [I 11] Cicero in 53 (Caes. B Gall. 3,5,2; 4,21; 6,41,2 - the identity of this C. V. with Quadratus is widely accepted: MRR 3, 71). A mission by V., now praefect, to murder Commius in 52 failed; a second encounter of the enemies in 51 ended …

[German version] P. S. Verus. Legate of Lycia-Pamphylia c. AD 129-131 (most recently [1.36-40, 43]), cos. suff. probably 132 or 133 (CIL XVI 174; cf. RMD 3, 159 and a diploma of 9th September [2]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 M. Wörrle, Stadt und Fest, 1988 2 Catalogue Lanz, Auction 104: Orden und Ehrenzeichen, München 2001, 5 Nr. 1 and Plate 1, Nr. 1.

[German version] [1] (E.) Mariniana Probably wife of the Emperor Valerianus On coins from Viminacium she appears as Diva Mariniana. In all probability she was the wife of the later emperor Valerianus, whose accession she predeceased. Probably the sister of Egnatius [II 12] and [II 13]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography PIR2 E 39 M. Christol, Essai, 1996, 190ff. [German version] [2] E. Maximilla Wife of P. Glitius Gallus, mid-1st cent. AD Wife of P. Glitius Gallus, whom she accompanied into exile on Andros under Nero. Later she obviously returned to Italy. PIR2 E 40. Eck, Werner (Cologn…

(Λολλιανός; Lollianós) [German version] [2] addendum to the family name Hedius. [German version] [3] Q. Hedius L. Plautius Avitus Consul ord. 209 AD For the form of the name, in which Gentianus is also recorded once, cf. [1. 232f.]. Patrician, brother of the virgo Vestalis maxima Terentia Flavola; son of L. [8]. L.'s career up to the consulate is known from CIL VI 32412 = ILS 1155. It is conspicuous that as patrician between the praetorship and office of consul, he was also iuridicus Asturicae et Callaeciae as well as legate of the legio VII Gemina, both in Hispania citerior. Cos. ord. in AD 20…

Name of a tribe probably of Sabine origin [1]. In public life of the Republican era, name-bearers appeared first in the 1st cent. BC. The name became known especially in the 1st cent. AD through the epic poet M. A.   Lucanus and through the rhetorician L. A.  Seneca and his son by the same name, the philosopher and politician; see also Cornutus I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] Brocchus, C., senator 73 BC Brocchus, C., senator 73 BC (probably aedilicius), under Verres in Sicily ([2] Cic. Verr. 2,3,93 and passim; MRR 2, 115). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 2, 587-…

[German version] Praetorian prefect at the time of Nero. O.'s father was from Agrigentum, but had been banished to Scyllaeum. According to later tradition, O. was of lowly origin, and his names, which are hardly attested elsewhere, confirm this. Under the emperor Caligula O. maintained contact with members of the extended Imperial family. This led to his banishment from Rome; he was accused of, among other things, sexual misdemeanours with Agrippina [3] the Younger. Claudius [III 1] allowed him to…

[German version] [1] M. M. Avitus Catonius Vindex Cos. suff. c. AD 175 Son of M. [4]. Began his career as an equestrian with the quattuor militiae, receiving the dona militaria from Marcus [2] Aurelius in AD 169. Procurator of Dacia Malvensis. Entered the Senate, legate of Moesia superior, perhaps as praetorian; suffect consul probably in 175; consular governor of Moesia inferior before the year 177. Died at the age of 42, probably during his governorship of Moesia inferior (CIL VI 1449 = ILS 1107). PIR2 M 22. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. M. Decianus Governor of Numidia…

Roman nomen gentile of Etruscan origin (in Antiquity probably seen as a variant of Tarquinius , cf. Fest. 496). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T. Priscus Technical author, 1st cent. BC? Latin writer perhaps of the 1st cent. BC (cf. Verg. Catal. 5,3); mentioned in Macrobius [1] (Sat. 3,20,3; 5. cent. BC) as the author of an ostentarium arborarium (Etrusci, Etruria III with ill. on Etrusca disciplina), probably an ordered and annotated list of trees and shrubs ( arbores) of significance in divination. T. may also be meant in Plin. HN 2; …

[German version] [0] C. U. Antoninus Proconsul of Lycia-Pamphylia (communication from M. Waelkens). Whether he is identical with the senator U. Antoninus who participated in the secular games of AD 204 [1] must remain an open question. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography W. Eck, s. v. U. (25), RE Supplementum 14, 935. [German version] [1] M. U. Arabianus Senator from Amastris [4] in Pontus; cos. suff.; consular governor of Syria Palaestina (Syria) between AD 187 and 190 (IGR III 85 = [1. 163, no. 16]); procos. of Africa around 200 (CIL VIII 15876). His son was M. U. Domitius…