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[German version] Numidian prince, who in 206 BC rose violently to power as regent of the Massyli. M. sought support from Carthage, marrying a niece of Hannibal [4]. Late in 206, M. was defeated by the pretender Massinissa, his kinsman, on the latter's return from Spain, but his life was spared (Liv. 29,29,6-30,12). In 202, he - if he is to be identified with the Mesotylus mentioned by Appian (App. Lib. 33,141) - rebelled, and fought for Hannibal. He presumably fell at Zama. Punic Wars Fündling, Jörg (Bonn)

[German version] Rare Italian surname, known through the senator Q. L., friend of T. Pomponius Atticus. Varro depicts L., who owned herds of cattle and above all large stud farms in Epirus, as a horse expert (Varro, Rust. 2,7,1-16); L. was also famous for his witty and complicated humour (Varro, Rust. 2,5,1). His mention in Cic. Att. 7,5,3 is doubtful. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn)

[German version] Italian nomen gentile, recorded primarily in inscriptions (cf. [1. 274 f.]; AE 1986,262; 1996,532). The only prominent member was Q. T. Sabinus, son of a mint-master c. 88 BC (MRR 2,454), who served Cn. Pompeius [I 3] in Spain (Sall. Hist. 2,94 M.) and was a legate of Caesar in Gaul. In 57 BC, T. fought the Belgae, in 56 the Veneti and with great success the Venelli under Viridovix (Caes. B Gall. 3,17,1-19,6), and in 55, with five legions in Caesar's absence, the Morini and t…

[German version] Italic nomen gentile. Known from L. R., aide of C. Verres in Sicily in 73-71 BC (Cic. Verr. 2,2,31). In 56 a people's tribune of the same name (his son?) acted in the interests of the  Senate against P. Clodius [I 4] (Cic. Fam. 1,7,2; Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 2,1,2; Cic. Planc. 77 with …

[German version] Proper name derived from praeco ('herald'). Known because of P., the mistress of P. Cornelius [I 15] Cethegus c. 75 BC. By giving her impressive gifts L. Licinius [I 26] Lucullus secured Cethegus’ support and with it the province of Cilicia (Plut. Lucullus 6,2-4). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn)

[German version] [1] Brother of T. [2], 1st cent. BC Brother of T. [2], senator, excluded from the Senate and exiled by Caesar; an appeal for clemency on his behalf was the signal for the murder of the dictator (Nicolaus of Damascus, Vita Caesaris 24,88; Plut. Caesar 66,5; Plut. Brutus 17,3 f.; App. B Civ. 2,490-493). According to Horatius (Sat. 1,6,24 f.; 107-111), T. returned shortly thereafter and became senator again (as people's tribune in 43?). His supposed hopes on becoming praetor were not fulfilled (death at Philippi in 42?). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] T. Cimber…

[German version] Roman cognomen, very rarely also a surname [1. 289]. Probably a diminutive of the forename Lucius [1. 177, 461]. The form Luciolus is also attested [2. 128]. The combination of Lucius and L. appears in about 200 BC in the family of the Licinians: Licinius [I 23-29] (the commander with a proverbially luxurious lifestyle [I 26]). The epithet L. then passes from there by adoption to M. Terentius Varro ( cos. 73) [2. 39]. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) Bibliography 1 Schulze 2 Kajanto, Cognomina.

(also Sitius). Italian personal name, originally Campanian [1. 232]. [German version] [1] S., P. Son of a citizen of Nuceria [1] who in 91-88 BC was loyal to Rome (Cic. Sull. 58), an entrepreneur with an estate in Campania, engaged in the grain trade with the Mauretanian kings, until the Civil War a friend of Cicero. In 63 S…

[German version] Originally an Oscan praenomen ( Stenis), later also used as a gens name [1.89, 425]. Known primarily from S. of Thermae Himerae in Sicily (descendent of Mamertini or of Greek origin?). An educated aristocrat, in 82 BC he was responsible for Cn. Pompeius' [I 3] sparing Thermae (Plut. Pompeius 10,6),…

[German version] (Φιλότιμος; Philótimos). Freedman of Cicero’s wife Terentia. Notwithstanding Cicero’s suspicion that Ph. had defrauded him in the years 51/50 BC (Cic. Att. 5,8,2f.; 7,1,9), he remained their financial administrator up until their divorce in 47/46 BC. He also caused offence to Cicero as t…

Italic gens name, attested primarily in Praeneste (ILS 3684; CIL I2 1460; 2439). For other bearers of the name cf. [1. 68; 364; 397] and AE 1983, 173. [German version] [1] O., C. Praetor in 66 BC Praetor in 66 BC together with Cicero. He presided over the court for embezzlement cases ( peculatus) (Cic. Clu. 94; 147; cf. Cornelius [I 87]) and was defended by Cicero in 65 (Q. Cicero, Commentariolum petitionis 19). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) Bibliography 1 Schulze.

[German version] A Roman senator, who caught leopards in Cilicia and sold them on to organisers of games in Rome ( Munera ), for instance ten of them to C. Scribonius Curio (Cic. Fam. 8,9,3) in 51/50 BC, whereas …

[German version] Roman gens name. Most important bearer: S. T., a senator, who in 52 BC found the body of P. Clodius [I 4] on the via Appia and took it to Rome; in 49 T., although elderly and one-legged, fled from Italy with Cn. Pompeius [I 3] (Ascon. 32 C on Cic. Mil. 28; Plut. Pompeius 64,7). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn)

[German version] Numidian, deserter from the Roman auxilia ; leader of an uprising against Roman power in Africa (Africa [3]) from c. AD 17 until AD 24. T. led the Musulamii in raids, petty wars and even sieges. In the West, the Moors under Mazippa, who were dissatisfied with Iuba [2] II, followed T. (Tac. Ann. 2,52; [1. 89, 104-106, 127]); even the Romans came to terms with him (Tac. Ann. 4,13). After victories celebrated prematurely by the pro-consuls M. Furius [II 2] Camill…

Rare Italian proper name, variant of Mevius . [German version] [1] Accomplice of Verres in Sicily Accomplice of Verres in Sicily (Cic. Verr. 2,3,175), perhaps the scribe who received gifts from Verres (2,3,176; 181; 185; 187). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] Centurio of Octavian Centurio of Octavian, caught in 30 BC at Alexandria by Mark Antony, u…

[German version] Rare Latin gens name (ILS 1687; CIL VI 27412 f.; FiE III 8; AE 1975,788; SEG 29,1105 f.; 33,179). The freedman [2. 269 f.] M. T. Hermogenes from Sardinia (Cic. Fam. 7,24) was a musician, singer and patron of the arts famous for his wealth and extravagance (Hor. Sat. 1,3,1-19; 1,3,129 f.). C. Licinius [I 31] Calvus ridiculed him; Cicero, who was an enemy because of T.'s uncle(?) Phamea (Cic. Att. 13,49), was fearful of…

[German version] Italic nomen gentile formed out of pomp-, documented in inscriptions [1. 553]. The most important bearer: C. P. (born 103 BC), a typical homo militaris (Sall. Catil. 45,2), in 71 he was the legate of M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus in the slave wars (MRR 2,166). As praetor in 63 (MRR 2,167) P. got Cicero evidence against the supporters of Catilina when he attacked the delegates of the Allobroges at the Pons Mulvius (Cic. Cat. 3,5 f.; Sall. Catil. 45,1-4). In 62-59 P. administered Gallia Narbonensis as propraetor. When the Allobroges, embittered over the Roman tax load, revolted under Catugnatus, he defeated them at Solonium and earned a feast of thanksgiving ( …

Italian gens name, primarily in Latium (cf. [2. 98]; AE 1980,588). [German version] [1] T., C. In 73 BC quaestor of P. Varinius, defeated by Spartacus (Sall. Hist. 3,96 M.; Flor. Epit. 2,8,5); c. 64 aed. pl. with C. Octavius [I 2] and in 62 (or 60-58: [1]) praetor (otherwise: MRR 3,63). After the death of Octavius in 59 BC he became the guardian of the later Augustus. A moderate Pompeian in the Civil War, T. waited until c. 45 (on Corcyra?: Cic. Fam. 6,20 f.) for a pardon from Caesar. His own ward had him proscribe…

[German version] T., L. from Firmum Picenum, an accomplished astrologer (author of Greek technical works: Plin. HN Index 18) and philosopher in the 1st cent. BC. For his friend M. Terentius Varro [2] T. drew up the horoscope of Romulus [1] and calculated the day of the founding of Rome, the future fate of which he prognosticated (Cic. Div. 2,98; Plut. Romulus 12,3-6; Manil. 4,773; Solin. 1,18;  Lydus, Mens. 1,14). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn)

[German version] Unusual Italic personal name, known through M., a Roman equestrian from Formiae (Catull. 43,5 etc.; Hor. Sat. 1,5,37), who was an associate of Pompey in c. 66 BC, was in Spain with Caesar in 61, and served as the latter's praefectus fabrum in Gaul from 58 (Catull. 29,18-24). Around 55/4, M. was periodically at Rome, where his luxurious house caused a furore (Plin. HN 36,48). His rival in eroticis, Catullus [1], depicts him as a scandal…