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Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) I. Material Remains (CT) A. General (CT) [German version] 1. Introduction (CT) The present article offers a survey of the ways in which material remains from the ancient world have been transmitted to the modern age. Not included are the active acquisition of antiquities for display or their representation in art museums, or the systematic post-Classical acquisition of remains for research purposes (cf. Antiquarianism; Antiquities, collections of; Classical Archaeology;  Art works, acquisition of/ Art theft; Museum). Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) …

Klopsch, Paul I. Language (CT) [German version] A. Vulgar Latin and Late Latin (CT) After the fall of the Classical world, the Latin language followed paths on two levels into the Middle Ages. The spoken language of ordinary people continued to be passed on from person to person, with regional differences and partly influenced by substrata, as a kind of mother tongue. Its features can be seen from time to time as intentional characterisation in the written language, as in Petronius' novel and, more frequentl…

Klopsch, Paul I. Language (CT) [German version] A. Period (CT) The Latin language in the Modern Period, Neo-Latin (NL) [3], arose from a counter-movement against aspects of the preceding linguistic period, that of Medieval Latin.  The movement had its origins in the criticism by early Italian Humanists of the medieval, and particularly Scholastic, linguistic features which had become increasingly distant from Classical Latinity. As an approximate chronological boundary between Medieval Latin and NL we may…