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[English version] (Facula bei Val. Max. 5,2,1). Prostituierte aus Capua; sie erhielt auf Senatsbeschluß nach 210 v.Chr. Eigentum und Freiheit zurück, da sie im 2. Punischen Krieg heimlich röm. Gefangene mit Lebensmitteln versorgt hatte (Liv. 26,33,8; 34,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

(handschriftlich auch Deillius, Deillios). [English version] Q.D. (Name bei Cass. Dio 49,39,2), von Messalla Corvinus als desultor bellorum civium bezeichnet, da er 43 v.Chr. von P. Cornelius [I 29] Dolabella zu C. Cassius [I 10], im Jahr darauf zu M. Antonius und schließlich kurz vor der Schlacht von Actium mit wichtigen Informationen über die Truppen des Antonius in das Lager Octavians wechselte (Sen. suas. 1,7), bei dem er in hohem Ansehen stand (Sen. clem. 1,10,1; Horaz widmete ihm carm. 2,3). Für Antonius un…

[English version] Tochter des Marcius Fundanius, vermutlich zweite Ehefrau des M. Terentius Varro, der ihr im J. 36 v.Chr. de re rustica, B. 1 widmete (rust. 1,1,1; 2, praef. 6 mit Komm. bei [1. ad loc.]. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 D. Flach, Gespräche über die Landwirtschaft, 1996 und 1997.

[English version] [1] Illyr. König in der ersten H. des 4.Jh. v.Chr. Illyr. König in der ersten H. des 4.Jh. v.Chr., Dynastiegründer (Theop. fr. 35; Cic. off. 2,40). Er hatte großen Anteil am Sieg über Perdikkas III. 359 v.Chr.; fiel im Jahr darauf gegen Philipp II. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography P. Cabanes, Les Illyriens de B. à Genthios, 1988  N.G.L. Hammond, The Battle between Philip and B., in: Antichthon 23, 1989, 1-9. [English version] [2] Vielleicht Enkel von B. [1] Vielleicht Enkel von B. [1], Vater der Birkenna, der Frau des Pyrrhos von Epirus. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

(Λαίς). Die “gemeinhin Bekannte” von λαός (“Volk”) [1] oder aus dem Semit., “Löwin”. Beliebter Hetärenname, was die Identifizierung erschwert. [English version] [1] Hetäre aus Korinth Hetäre (Hetairai) aus Korinth. L. wird als schön (Athen. 13,587d), schlagfertig (im Gespräch mit Euripides bei Athen. 13,582cd, der sie Eur. Med. 1346 zitiert), wählerisch und teuer beschrieben; L. sei im Alter zur mittellosen Trinkerin geworden (Athen. 13,570cd). L. starb 392 v.Chr. (schol. Aristoph. Plut. 179, [1. Bd. 1, 491]), auch durch ihren Lebenswandel (so Athen. 13, 587e; Philetairos, Kyn…

[English version] [1] Dardanischer Fürst um 200 v. Chr. Dardanischer Fürst, der 200 v.Chr. die Römer im Kampf gegen Philipp V. mit Hilfstruppen unterstützte (Liv. 31,28,1-2.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography CAH VIII, 21989, 262  Errington 187. [English version] [2] Aufständischer Dalmatier 6-9 n. Chr. Dalmatier aus dem Stamm der Daesidiaten. Anführer im pannonisch-dalmatischen Aufstand 6-9 n.Chr., dessen Ursachen Cassius Dio (55,29-34; 56,11-26) und Velleius Paterculus (2,110-116) in Steuerlast und Rekrutierungsmaßnahmen sehen. B…

[English version] [1] Tochter des D. Iunius [I 30] Silanus und der Servilia Tochter des D. Iunius [I 30] Silanus und der Servilia, der Nichte Catos, Frau des M. Aemilius [I 12] Lepidus (Cic. Phil. 13,8; Vell. 2,88,1). 30 v.Chr. wurde sie angeklagt, vom Anschlag ihres ältesten Sohnes auf Octavian gewußt zu haben, aber freigesprochen (App. civ. 4,50). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] I. Tertia Schwester der I. [1] Halbschwester des M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus (Suet. Iul. 50,2; Cic. Brut. 3,3; auch I. Tertulla genannt: Cic. Att. 14,202; 15,11,1), Schwester der I…

[English version] Freigelassener Octavians griech. Herkunft. Er besetzte 40 v.Chr. Sardinien für Octavian, wurde aber dort von Menodoros verdrängt (App. civ. 5,277), gefangen und an Octavian zurückgeschickt (Cass. Dio 48,30,1; 48,45,5). Zu seinen Ehren ILS 6267 (= CIL X 5808). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] [1] Mutter des P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio Africanus Mutter des P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio Africanus, den sie (nach Liv. 26,19,6; Gell. 6,1,1-4) von einer Schlange (= Iuppiter) empfangen haben soll (in Anlehnung an die Geburtsgesch. von Alexandros [4] d.Gr.). Ihr soll er auch von seinem Traum, er werde zusammen mit dem älteren Bruder Lucius das Aedilenamt übernehmen, berichtet haben, was sie sehr bewegte (Pol. 10,4,4-5,7); die Gesch. ist unglaubwürdig und irrig (vgl. [1. 200 f.]). Vielleicht durch ihre Verm…

[English version] (auch Maia). Mutter des Dichters Vergilius, von niederer Abkunft. Ihr Traum von der Geburt Vergils bei Sueton (Suet. de viris illustribus, Vergilius 1-3). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography G. Brugnoli, Phocas, Vita di Vergilio, 1984  Ders. (Hrsg.), Vitae Vergilianae antiquae, 1997.

[English version] (Εὔνους). Syrer, Anführer der Sklavenrevolten 141-132 v.Chr. auf Sizilien. Er sammelte 400 Sklaven und eroberte Enna, andere Städte schlossen sich an. Durch die gute Vorbedeutung seines Namens (“wohlgesinnt”) und seine Fähigkeit zur Weissagung begünstigt [2. 28-29], wurde er nach dem Erfolg in hell. Manier zum König gewählt, nannte sich Antiochos (Diod. 34,2,24; [3]) und nahm die traditionellen Herrschaftsinsignien an, was aber vielmehr auf den Wunsch nach Einheit als auf eine na…

[English version] Sohn des Numiderkönigs Mastanabal, Enkel des Massinissa, Bruder des Iugurtha, erhob trotz geistiger und körperlicher Debilität während des Krieges zwischen Rom und Iugurtha Anspruch auf die Herrschaft. Nach Beendigung des Krieges 105 v.Chr. wurde er mit der Unterstützung des Marius Nachfolger seines Onkels Micipsa und erhielt Ost-Numidien (Sall. Iug. 65,1-4). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography CAH 9 21994, 30 V. Werner, Quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus, 1995, 35.

[English version] Letzte Angehörige des Geschlechts der Postumii Albini. Um 94 geb., Frau des Juristen Ser. Sulpicius Rufus ( cos. 51). Kinder waren ein gleichnamiger Sohn und eine Tochter Sulpicia. Cicero erwähnt P. und ihren Sohn (Cic. Att. 5,21,9; vgl. Shackleton Bailey z.St.; Cic. fam. 4,2,1; 4,2,4; Cic. Phil. 9,5.). Suetonius (Suet. Iul. 50,1) nennt P. unter den hochgestellten Frauen, die Caesar verführt habe. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] Tochter eines reichen Ritters, mit der sich Caesar wohl aus finanziellen Gründen verlobte [1. 16], aufgrund seines Priesteramtes aber wieder scheiden ließ [2. 14] (Suet. Iul. 1,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 G. Walter, Caesar, 1955 2 W. Will, Caesar, 1992.

[English version] Terwingischer Gote niederer Abkunft; Arianer. Von Theodosius I. 378 n.Chr. rekrutiert, führte er nach dessen Sieg über Eugenios 394 als comes rei militaris (zur mil. Karriere Sokr. 6,6,2; Soz. 8,4,1) im Auftrag des Stilicho östliche Truppen aus Thessalien dem Arcadius nach Konstantinopel zu. Am Tod des Rufinus 399 war er als Vertrauter Stilichos beteiligt ([1. 107,99], Zos. 5,7,4; Philostorgios 11,3, Iohannes Antiochenus 190 FHG 4,610). 399 zum magister utriusque militiae erhoben, schickte ihn Eutropius nach Phrygien gegen meuternde Greuthungen u…

[English version] C. Severus C., Tribun der Prätorianer, der sich im Jahr 69 n.Chr. zusammen mit Subrius Dexter und Pompeius Longinus gegen den beginnenden Aufstieg des Otho für Galba einsetzte (Tac. hist. 1,31). Er ist wahrscheinlich der beneficiarius aus ILS 2073. PIR C 703. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] Enkel des Geisericus, letzter Vandalenkönig (530-4 n.Chr.), übernahm 530 nach dem Sturz des Hildericus die Herrschaft (Prok. BV 1,9,8-9; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,3). Seine scharfe Zurückweisung jeden Eingriffs des Iustinianus in innere Angelegenheiten führte zum Krieg (Prok. BV 1,9,10-24). Da G. seine Truppen gegen den aufständischen Godas nach Sardinien gesandt hatte, konnte er sich weder gegen den in Tripolitania revoltierenden Pudentius noch gegen den 533 in Sizilien gelandeten Bel…

[English version] 419-438 n.Chr. König der Suebi, kämpfte 419 erfolglos gegen die Vandalen in Spanien (Hydatius Lemiensis 71). Nach Plünderungen der Gallaecia 430 und 433 (ebd. 91; 100) schloß er Frieden, trat erkrankt 438 die Herrschaft an seinen Sohn Rechila ab und starb 441 (ebd. 114; 122). PLRE 2,546f. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] vielleicht aus Solva in Noricum [1. 80], nach 132 n.Chr. Prokurator in Mauretania Tingitana [2. 49 Anm. 79, 80], nach 135 Prokurator in Noricum (CIL III 5174; 5181). Er war eng mit Fronto befreundet (Fronto, Ad Ant. Pium 3, p. 157 van den Hout), zunächst auch mit dem praef. praetorio Gavius Maximus, den er dann in seinem Testament beleidigte (Fronto, Ad Ant. Pium 4, p. 159). PIR2 C 658. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 G. Alföldy, Noricum, 1974 (Quellen zu C. 244) 2 G. Winkler, Reichsbeamte von Noricum ..., 1969, Nr.10. Pflaum 1, 226-229, Nr. 97 bis, 201 T…

(Τιμάνδρα/ Timándra). [German version] [1] Daughter of Tyndareus and Leda Daughter of Tyndareos and Leda, sister of Clytaemnestra and Helene [1], wife of Echemus [1] of Tegea (Apollod. 3,126; 3,129; Paus. 8,5,1), and with him mother of Evander [1] (Serv. Aen. 8,130). Owing to a curse by Aphrodite on the daughters of Tyndareos (according to Stesich. in Schol. Eur. Or. 249, because Aphrodite had been passed over in a sacrifice by Tyndareos), T. leaves Echemus and goes to Dulichium with Phyleus, father of her son Meges (Eust. 305,17). Goldhahn, Tobias [German version] [2] Mistress of Alci…

[German version] [1] Sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato Sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, married to L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus. She outlived her husband, who was killed in 48 BC, and died a highly respected woman before August 45; on the model of M. (Terentius?) Varro and a certain Ollius, Cicero dedicated an elogy to her (Att. 13,37,3; 48,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] Daughter of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, c. 95-42 BC Daughter of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, c. 95-42 BC; first married to M. Calpurnius [I 5] Bibulus and in a second marriage, from c. 44 BC on, to her cousin M. Iunius …

[German version] Eastern Goth, comes Syracusanae civitatis in AD 526/7, commander of the province of Sicilia, known from two letters of  Athalaric (Cassiod. Var. 9,11; 14) who threatened the comes Gotharum G. with dismissal from office because of serious irregularities in the levying of taxes and in legal decisions. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] (Εὐάγων / Euágōn, in MSS also as Εὐγαίων / Eugaíōn, Εὐγέων / Eugéōn). Of Samos, hailed by Dionysius of Halicarnassus as one of the earliest of the Greek historiographers (De Thucydide 5) and the first Samian historian (last third of the 5th cent. BC), the author of Hôroi Samíōn, which was still referred to by Aristotle; Thucydides, too, used it. In the course of a 2nd cent. BC territorial dispute with Priene, the Samians cited an old border agreement (early 7th cent.), mentioned by E. ─ who thus is one of the earliest local …

[German version] (Guntharis, Gundarus, Gontharis). Bucellarius of  Solomon I, magister militum and dux Numidiae from AD 545 (Iord. De origine actibusque Romanorum 384). G., whom Solomon had sent out in advance to Bagae on the River Abigas with an army to fight the Moors, escaped defeat only through the latter's rapid assistance (Procop. Vand. 2,19,6-16). In a secret alliance with the prince of the Moors Antalas, G. decided in 546 to remove  Areobindus [3], which also occurred (Procop. Vand. 2,25,1-28). G. oc…

[German version] [1] P. Urgulanilla First wife of the future emperor Claudius (9-24 AD) Daughter of M. Plautius [II 12] Silvanus, first wife of the future emperor Claudius [III 1] (wedding between AD 9 and 10); divorced, probably in 24, on grounds of debauchery and suspicion of murder (aiding in eliminating of Apronia [1], the wife of Plautius' brother) (Tac. Ann. 4,22; on the date Suet. Claud. 26,2; 27,1; [1. 430; 2. 24f.]). The marriage produced two children: Claudia [II 1] Iulia and Claudius [II 23] Drusus (Suet. Claud. 27,1; [3. 135]). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R…

[German version] [1] F. Domitilla Wife of Vespasian Daughter of Flavius Liberalis of Ferentum in Etruria [2. 210, 1447]. First mistress of the eques Statilius Capella; she later married  Vespasianus. The sons Titus, Domitian and a daughter Flavia [2] were born of the marriage ([Aur.Vict.] Epit. Caes. 10,1; 11,1). Initially subject only to Latin law, she later received Roman citizenship when her father became adsertor. She died before Vespasian came to power on 1 July AD 69 (Suet. Vesp. 3) and was not deified. A sesterce minting from 80/1 commemorates her: R…

[German version] [1] Dux, later rex of the Danubian Suebi Dux, later rex of the Danubian Suebi, after a foray into Dalmatia defeated and ‘adopted’ in c. AD 465 by the king of the Goths Thiudimer. Mobilized a multi-tribe war coalition against the Goths also supported by eastern Rome but was defeated by them in c. 469 (Iord. Get. 273-279). Probably identical to the pillager of Batavis (Eugippius, Vita Severini 22,4) of the same name. PLRE 2, 574 (H. 2). Kehne, Peter (Hannover) Bibliography H. Wolfram, Die Goten, 31990, 264ff. [German version] [2] H. the Younger. King of the Ostrogoths,…

(Frederick). [German version] [1] Son of the West Gothic king Theodoric I, co-ruler of Theoderic II about AD 450 Son of the West Gothic king Theoderic I, brother and co-ruler of Theoderic II, whom he helped to the throne in AD 453 after the murder of the eldest brother Thorismud (Chron. min. 1,483; 2,27 Mommsen; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,7); after successful battles against the Spanish Bagauds (probably as magister militum, cf. Chron. min. 2,27; in this regard [1. 690f.]) he was involved in 455 in the rise of  Avitus [1] to the position of emperor (Sid. Apoll. Carm. 7,…

[German version] Mentioned by Pliny the Elder as the source for parts of his Naturalis historia (Plin. HN 16,216; 37,24; 97; 127); Solinus also repeatedly draws on a C.B. as a source for chronological details (cf. Solin. 1,97; 2,11; 2,18); still the identity of this C.B. with that referred to in Pliny (suspected by [1. XIV]) cannot be proved [2. 646f.]. The inscriptions CIL II 35 and 5184 (=ILS 2920 and 2921) from Lusitania (1st cent. AD), according to which a Lucius CB was flamen provinciae and tribunus militum legionis III Augustae, however probably do relate to Pliny's source. PIR2 C. 133…

[German version] King of the West Goths, AD 680-687. As comes at the court of Wamba, E. was not free of involvement in the latter's deposal and he had himself anointed king without any election. In 681 he had a new version of the law of the West Goths issued. His policy of strengthening the kingship came to grief in 683, when he was obliged to make concessions to the aristocracy at the 13th Council of Toledo. In 687, seriously ill, he designated his bitter rival Egica as his successor. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] A daughter of Ap. Claudius Caecus, 3rd cent. BC A daughter of Ap. Claudius Caecus. Her wish, which she loudly expressed in a crowd, that her brother P. Claudius Pulcher ( cos. 249 BC) should live and lose another battle at sea so that the mob would be decreased, was heavily fined (Ateius Capito in Gell. NA 10,6; Liv. per. 19; Suet. Tib. 2,3). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography R. A. Bauman, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome, 1992, 19-20. [German version] [I 2] Daughter of Ap. Claudius Pulcher, wife of Ti. Gracchus Daughter of Ap. Claudius Pul…

[German version] King of the Vandal Hasdingians around AD 400, father of  Gundericus and  Geisericus. Under G. the Hasdingians moved from Pannonia via Vindelicia and Noricum to the Rhine-Neckar area where G. fell in battle in 406 fighting the Franks, who were defending the Roman Rhine border (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9); Procop. (Vand. 3,3,2; 22f.) and Theophanes (5931; 6026) erroneously report that G. led the Hasdingians to Spain. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography PLRE 2, 515f. F. Clover, The Late Roman West and the Vandals, 1993 Chr. Courtois, Les vanda…

[German version] [1] Courtesan of the priest-king Archelaus [6] of Comana Courtesan of the priest-king Archelaus [6] of Comana and mother of Archelaus [7], whom  Antonius [I 9] elevated to king of Cappadocia in 36 BC (Cass. Dio 49,32,3; App. B Civ. 5,7). Octavianus criticized the relationship of Antonius with G. (Mart. 11,20). OGIS 361. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Daughter of king Archelaus [7] of Cappadocia Daughter of king Archelaus [7] of Cappadocia, granddaughter of G. [1], in her first marriage G. was married to Alexander, the eldest so…

[German version] [1] Addressee of Pliny Ep. 6,31 Addressee of Pliny Ep. 6,31, cf. [1]. PIR2 C 1301. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. N. Sherwin-White, Comm. ad loc. [German version] [2] Ab epistulis Graecis under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus Ab epistulis Graecis in the imperial chancellery under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Phrynichus dedicated his eclogues to C., and acclaimed him as reviving classical rhetoric (pp. 55, 306, 474-75, 482, 492-93 Rutherford). He can probably not be identified with the C. named in Fronto (ad Am. 1,1; 1,2, cf. [1.…

[German version] (Ἔκλεκτος; Éklektos, also Electus, Eiectus). E. from Egypt, freedman of Verus, later lived in the palace of Marcus Aurelius (SHA Ver. 9,5f.) after whose death he became cubicularius of that emperor's nephew M. Ummidius Quadratus. When the latter was executed in AD 182, Commodus took on E. (Herodian. 1,16,5; Cass. Dio 72,4,6) with whom he appeared in gladiator games (SHA Comm. 15,2; Cass. Dio 72,19,4). In 193, together with the praetorian prefect Aemilius Laetus and Marcia, the concubina of Commodus, he instigated the murder of the Emperor (Hdn. 1,17,6; 2,1…

Plebeian family name, from Durnius (Schulze, 160; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] D., C. Friend of Annius Milo, 1st cent. BC Friend ( amicissimus) of Annius [I 14] Milo, whom he helped during or after his trial for the murder of  Clodius [I 4]. Cic. Att. 5,8,2f. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] D., L. Praetor in Apulia 181 BC 181 BC praetor in Apulia. When Tarentum and Brundisium complained about piracy, he received the praetorship of Istria additionally, and thus probably the task of protecting the Adriatic coast …

[German version] Son of Gundiok, king of the Burgundians in AD 474-516, Arian. On the side of  Ricimer he, as magister utriusque militiae in 472, killed Anthemius [2] (Chron. min. 1,306 Mommsen), administered the western empire and in 473 elevated Glycerius to the status of Augustus (Chron. min. 1,664). In 474 he ─ in the meantime comes and patricius ─ returned to Gaul and succeeded Ricimer in Vienna. He defeated the Alemanni and around 490 invaded Liguria (Ennod. 80). In 496 he married his son Sigismundus to Areagni, a daughter of Theoderic. In 501 he defeated…

[German version] Administrators of goods and representatives of the king's interests in the Lombardic kingdom, first attested under Authari (AD 584-590). Since the 7th cent. they watched over the dukes (cf. Edictus Rothari 23); in the 8th cent. they could preside over courts of law. They were directly subject to the king in their non-inheritable office. In the Duchies of Spoleto and Benevent they administered the most important towns for the dukes. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography C. G. Mor, Lo stato longobardo nel VII secolo, 1969, 1, 271ff.

[German version] Son of Gentunis, king of the Vandals in AD 484-496 (Iord. Get. 170; Procop. Vand. 1,8,6f.), fought successfully against the Moors. In 491 his attempt to reconquer Sicily failed (Ennod. Panegyricus 70). He showed tolerance to the Catholics after initially persecuting them. PLRE 2, 525f. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography H.-J. Diesner, Das Vandalenreich, 1966, 84-88.

[German version] [1] Student of Epicurus, 342/1-270 BC This item can be found on the following maps: Achaeans, Achaea (Λεόντιον; Leóntion). City in the interior of Achaea on the Peloponnesus, controlled the passage between Olonus (Erymanthus) and the Kalliphoni mountains as well as the west-east road through the Peiros valley between the Achaean coast south of Patra and Kalavrita (ancient Cynaetha). Presumably not identifiable with Agios Andreas near Gurzumitsa (modern L.) [1], but with modern Kastritsi near Agios …

[German version] (Δαγισθαῖος; Dagisthaîos). As a young Roman commander D., who probably was of Gothic origin, unsuccessfully besieged Persian-occupied Petra in the area of the Lazi in AD 548/9 (Procop. Pers. 2,29 especially 33-43). On account of this he was later taken to court under Justinian on the charge of pro-Persian sentiments and arrested by the emperor (Procop. Goth. 4,9,1-4). For the Narses campaign to Italy he was released from custody and took part in the decisive battle against Totila a…

[German version] (Erelieva, Hereleuva). Concubina of the Amal Thiudimer, mother of  Theoderic the Great (Iord. Get. 269); for the legal position of marriage [1. 262]; for her origins, Anon. Val. 58: Gothic lady; but differing [1. 263]: possibly of provincial Roman origin. E. accompanied her son on his military campaigns (Malchus fr. 18, FHG 4, 130) and was honoured for that by Ennodius (Ennod. MGH (AA) 7,208). At a Catholic baptism, she was given the name Eusebia (Anon. Val. 58) and maintained conta…

[German version] (Gunderic). In AD 406 G. was chosen as king of the Vandal Hasdingians after the death of his father  Godigiselus; he united his troops with the Alani under Respendial (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9), defeated the Franks and by the end of 406 crossed the Rhine. Without facing organized resistance, he plundered Gaul (Oros. 7,40,3; Chron. min. 1,299; 465 Mommsen; Zos. 6,3), crossed the Pyrenees in 409 (Chron. min. 2,17; Soz. 9,12; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,2) and secured for himself the east of th…

[German version] (Gundomarus, Gundomar). Son of  Gundobad, after the death of his brother Sigismundus (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,6) in AD 524 he was elevated to the position of king of the Burgundians (Chron. min. 2,235 Mommsen). He defeated the Franks under Chlodomer at Vienne on 25 June 524, entered in 530 into an alliance with  Amalasuntha and bought the freedom of prisoners of war (CIL XII 2584). In 533 the Franks under Chlothachar and Childebert defeated G. at Autun and in 534 divided up the Burgundian kingdom amongst themselves (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,11). PLRE 2, 517 G. (2). Meier, Mischa (Bie…

[German version] (δυναστεία; dynasteía, cf. also δυνάστης; dynástēs, ‘Ruler’). Derived from δύνασθαι; dýnasthai, ‘to be capable’, ‘to be able’; ‘to have influence’, ‘to be wealthy’ [1. 116]. Dynasteia was primarily the rule ( rulership) of a small, influential group, within which high offices were inherited. Two basic levels of meaning are to be distinguished for dynasteia: in the first of them, its character as the term for a group of rulers or an individual ruler expresses more the original sense of the word; in the second the inheritance of lea…

[German version] A Canninefate, who deserted from Roman service and together with the Chauci laid waste to Lower Germania and the Gallic bank of the Rhine after the death of  Sanquinius Maximus, the governor of Lower Germania, in AD 47. The new governor  Domitius [II 11] Corbulo drove G. away and restored order. When he had G. murdered by a ruse, unrest again broke out among the Chauci, causing Claudius to pull the advance troops back to the west bank of the Rhine (Tac. Ann. 11,18f.). PIR2 G 73. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] (Dintzic, Greek Δεγγιζίχ, Δινζίριχος; Dengizích, Dinzírichos). Son of Attila, king of the Huns; after the latter's death D. assembled an army from the elements of the Hun empire that were still under his control, to fight the Goths. He was, however, defeated at Bassianae (Pannonia) by the Goths (probably after AD 456/57, Iord. Get. 272f.). He later conducted several wars against the Romans but was killed in 469 by the mag. mil. per Thracias Anagestes (Prisc. fr. 36 [FHG 4,107f.]; Chron. pasch. 323d Dindorf). PLRE 354f. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Boch…

[German version] (ἐπαρχία; eparchía). Territorial administrative unit in Hellenistic states. In the Seleucid kingdom, Antiochus [5] III especially supported the setting up of smaller provinces in order to prevent power concentrations in the areas of individual satraps, as for example  Molon (222 BC). Polybius describes their head, who evidently had military and civil power, as éparchos or stratēgós (Pol. 5,46,7; 48,14); however his terminology is misleading since from the middle of the 2nd cent. BC on, eparchia started taking on the meaning of Lat . provincia (cf. SIG3 683,55 and …

[German version] (Fravitus). Tervingian army commander in the service of Rome, married to a Roman woman. In support of maintaining the Roman alliance with the Goths of AD 382, he killed Eriulf in 391 at the court of Theodosius I (Zos. 4,56,1-3; Eunapius fr. 60 FHG 4,41). In about 400 as the magister militum on behalf of Arcadius he prevented Gaenas from crossing the Hellespont (Zos. 5,20-21; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 8,4,19-21) and was rewarded for it in 401 with the consulate (Eunapius fr. 82 FHG 4,50). Around 403/4, however, he was accused of allowing …

Messapic name in Lat. form (Schulze, 39, 44; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Respected bearers of that name in Apulia (in particular from Arpi and Sala) were still anti-Roman during the Second Punic War. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] Commander of Clastidium against Hannibal D. from Brundisium, in 218 BC commander of the allied occupation forces of  Clastidium with large Roman stores which he betrayed to Hannibal after the victory at the Ticinus for 400 pieces of gold (Pol. 3,69; Liv. 21,48). Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) [German version] [2] Leader of the pro-Carthaginian p…