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Autonomy

(792 words)

Author(s): Feil, Ernst
1. Concept “Autonomy,” derived from Gk. autos (self) plus nomos (law), means establishing one’s own law. It became a technical term in Thucydides (5th cent. b.c.), who used it to describe a city under foreign domination that was allowed to make its own internal laws. It was again used as a term in political law in the 15th century to denote the independence of a tribe, group (confession), or institutions (e.g., a university) within a superior community. This precise sense in political law has remained to the present day. “Autonomy” must be strictly distinguishe…

Religion

(20,501 words)

Author(s): Feil, Ernst | Antes, Peter | Schwöbel, Christoph | Herms, Eilert | Küster, Volker | Et al.
[German Version] I. The Concept 1. History. As a sign of modern reflection on religion from an anthropo-philosophical perspective, we may take the emergence of philosophical anthropology (Human beings) c. 1600 (Odo Marquard) and the philosophy of religion c. 1770. However these two disciplines are defined – whether as (sub)disciplines of philosophy or simply as philosophy –, they are related to the problems raised by the various positions taken in modern debates over (Christian) religious belief (Faith…