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(Κόνων). [English version] [1] Athener, ab 411/10 v. Chr. mehrfach strategós Athener, 413 v.Chr. Befehlshaber in Naupaktos, von 411/10 an mehrfach stratēgós. K. wurde 406 von der peloponnes. Flotte im Hafen von Mytilene eingeschlossen, wobei er 30 Schiffe verlor (Xen. hell. 1,6,14-23; Diod. 13,77-79). Durch Athens Sieg bei den Arginusai wurde er befreit. Da er an der Schlacht nicht teilgenommen hatte, wurde er nicht wie die anderen Feldherrn abgesetzt und zum Tode verurteilt (Xen. hell. 1,6,38-7,1). Der Vernichtung …

(Κλείταρχος). [English version] [1] Tyrann von Eretria 343/42-341 v. Chr. Tyrann von Eretria. Als Verbannter hatte er wohl schon 349/8 v.Chr. erfolglos versucht, sich u.a. mit Hilfe Philipps II. gegen ein athenisches Heer unter Phokion Eretrias zu bemächtigen (Aischin. Ctes. 86-88 mit schol. [1. 318, Anm. 2]). Philipps Intervention in Euboia 343 und 342 [1. 502f., 545-549] brachte K. an die Macht (Demosth. or. 8,36; 9,57f.; 18,71; 19,87). Phokion vertrieb ihn 341 wieder (Philochoros FGrH 328 F 160; Diod. 16,74,1). Tyrannis Cobet, Justus (Essen) Bibliography 1 N.G.L. Hammond, G…

[1] [German version] I. General points The Greek word canon (κανών, kanṓn) was probably derived from κάννα ( kánna: ‘bulrush reed or rod’), a Semitic loan word in the Greek language. The original meaning of ‘straight reed, stick, rod (in different uses)’ developed into several more specific and technical meanings. As a result, the Greek word canon designates a carpenter's or bricklayer's measuring stick or square, a chronological or astrological table, a monochord in music terminology (from Euclides [3]) etc. In …

(Ἀπολλωνίδης; Apollōnídēs). [German version] [1] Greek geographer of the time of Mithridates VI Greek geographer of the time of Mithridates VI (early 1st cent. BC); author of a   periplous of Europe; the few surviving fragments cover the region of the eastern Mediterranean. Brodersen, Kai (Mannheim) Bibliography FHG 4, 309-310 H. Berger, s. v. A. 28, RE 2, 120. [German version] [2] of Nicaea Grammarian (Ἀπολλωνίδης ὁ Νικαεύς; Apollōnídēs ho Nikaeús). Greek  grammarian of the 1st cent. AD. He dedicated a commentary on the Silloi of  Timon of Phleious to the Emperor Tiberius (Di…

(Διονυσόδωρος; Dionysódōros). [German version] [1] Taxiarch to Theramenes c. 400 BC Taxiarch to Theramenes, betrayed to the Thirty by Agoratus (Lys. or. 13,30; 39-42). The latter was taken to court in 399/98 BC by D.'s brother and brother-in-law, Dionysius, the speaker of the 13th oration written by Lysias. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Theban and Olympic winner, envoy and participant in the battle of Issus Theban and Olympic winner. Sent as an ambassador to  Darius [3] and taken prisoner together with other Greek ambassadors by Parmenion in …

(Ἀσκληπιάδης; Asklēpiádēs) [German version] [1] of Samos Epigrammatic poet Epigrammatic poet of the ‘Garland’ of Meleager, who addresses him in the preface by the dark pseudonym Σικελίδης (Anth. Pal. 4,1,46; cf. Hedylus, GA I 1, 101 6, 4; Theoc. 7,40); an outstanding representative of the Ionian-Alexandrianschool, he lived around the turn of the 4th/3rd cent. BC. A. was highly praised by Theocritus (7,39-41), but attacked by Callimachus (schol. Flor. Callim. Fr.1,1). From the latter he differed, among other things, through a diametrically opposed appraisal of the Lyde…

(Ἀριστοφάνης; Aristophánēs). [German version] [1] Athenian politician (beginning of the 4th cent. BC) Son of  Nicophemus, a confidant of  Conon. Repeatedly chorēgós and trierarch. In 393 BC he was supposed to win  Dionysius I of Syracuse on Conon's order as an ally for Athens using a marriage alliance with  Evagoras of Salamis. When Athens sent Evagoras 10 triremes against the Persians in 390/89, A. helped in financing them and participated as a delegate. Returning from this unsuccessful campaign, A. and his father were executed by means of the …

(Ἀρτέμων; Artémōn). [German version] [1] Greek grammarian From Cassandreia. Greek  grammarian. As he makes mention of  Dionysius Scytobrachion, he is dated to the 2nd half of the 2nd cent. BC. Of his works Athenaeus cites: Περὶ βιβλίων συναγωγῆς, Περὶ βιβλίων χρήσεως, Περὶ τοῦ Διονυσιακοῦ συστήματος as being his. An almost contemporary namesake from Pergamum, the commentator on Pindar (FGrH 569), possibly is the same person; A. from Clazomenae (FGrH 443), on the other hand, is older. A., the editor of the Aristotelian letters (Demetrius, elocutiones 223), is difficult to identify. …

(Χρύσιππος; Chrýsippos). [German version] [1] Favourite son of Pelops Favourite son of  Pelops from his first marriage with the nymph Axioche (schol. Pind. Ol. 1,89, schol. Eur. Or. 4) or Danais (Plut. Mor. 313E). Two tales are associated with him: Zeus (Praxilla 3,6 Edmonds = Ath. 13 p. 603a) or  Laeus, C.'s teacher in chariot driving (thus presumably in the ‘C.’ of Euripides, TGF fr. 839-844, possibly already in the Laios of Aeschylus), became infatuated with the extraordinarily beautiful youth and abducted him either from his father's house or the Nemean games to Thebes (Hyg. Fab. 85). The wrath of Hera struck the Thebans, who did not punish this case of paedophilia, in the form of the sphinx (Peisander FGrH 16 F 10). After the violated C. had killed himself, his father Pelops cursed the house of Laius. -- Or, C.'s brothers returned him by force to Pisa. The second C. episode may be linked to this latter v…

Roman cognomen (greek Λογγῖνος; Longînos), derived from …

(Ἀριστοκλῆς; Aristoklês). [German version] [1] of Messene Peripatetic philosopher of the early imperial era Peripatetic philosopher of the early imperial era. His main work, Περὶ φιλοσοφίας in 10 books, contained a critical summary of the teachings of all philosophical schools; extracts in Euseb. Praep. evang. 14-15. Other teachings attributed to him until recently belong to  Aristotle of Mytilene. Because of the confusion with the latter, A. wa…

(Ἀρίσταρχος; Arístarchos). [German version] [1] Athenian politician (end of the 5th cent. BC) Athenian politician, in 411 BC the most embittered opponent of the demos among the 400 Oligarchs in Athens (Thuc. 8,90,1). A. participated in the fortification of  Eetioneia when he was strategos (Xen. Hell. 2,3,46). After the regime was toppled, he betrayed the border fortification Oenoe to the Boeotians (Thuc. 8,98), for which he was executed in 406 (?) (Lycurg. Leocr. 115; PA, 1663; Traill PAA, 164155).…

(Δίδυμος; Dídymos). [1] of Alexandria Important Greek grammarian of the latter half of the 1st cent. BC [German version] A. Philological activity The most important Greek grammarian of the latter half of the 1st cent. BC. The biographical entry in the Suda (δ 872) tells us that he was still alive in the reign of Augustus, and mentions a nickname ‘Chalkenteros’ (Χαλκέντερος, ‘Brazen-guts’, cf. the Suda ι 399, χ 29). To his strong constitution he attributed an untiring assiduity that extended to different branches of p…

(Ἀρτέμων). [English version] [1] griech. Grammatiker, 2. H. 2. Jh. v. Chr. Aus Kassandreia. Griech. Grammatiker. Da er Dionysios Skytobrachion erwähnt, wird er in die 2. H. des 2.Jh. v.Chr. datiert. Athenaios zit. von ihm: Περὶ βιβλίων συναγωγῆς, Περὶ βιβλίων χρήσεως, Περὶ τοῦ Διονυσιακοῦ συστήματος. Der fast zeitgenössische A. aus Pergamon, Kommentator des Pindaros (FGrH 569), ist möglicherweise dieselbe Person; älter ist jedoch A. aus Klazomenai (FGrH 443). A., der Herausgeber der Aristotelesbriefe (Demetrios, elocutiones 223), ist schwer zu identifizieren.…

(Ἀπολλωνίδης). [English version] [1] Geograph, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Griech. Geograph z.Z. Mithradates' VI. (frühes 1. Jh. v. Chr.), Verf. eines Periplus von Europa; die wenigen erh. Fragmente behandeln den Osten der Mittelmeerwelt. Brodersen, Kai (Mannheim)…

(Ἀριστοκλῆς). [English version] [1] aus Messene Peripatetiker, frühe Kaiserzeit Peripatetiker der frühen Kaiserzeit. Seine Hauptschrift, Περὶ φιλοσοφίας in 10 Büchern, enthielt eine kritische Übersicht über die Lehren aller Schulen; Auszüge bei Eus. pr. ev. 14-15. Andere ihm bisher zugeschriebene Lehren gehören dem Aristoteles aus Mytilene. Wegen der Verwechslung mit letzterem hielt man A. für einen Lehrer des Alexandros von Aphrodisias und setzte seine…

(Ἀριστόδημος). [English version] [1] Ururenkel des Herakles Ururenkel des Herakles, einer der drei Herakliden, welche die Dorier auf die Peloponnes führten. Nach der verbreiteten Sagenversion (Plat. leg. 3,692 b; Apollod. 2,173; Paus. 3,1,6) starb A. noch außerhalb der Peloponnes unter Hinterlassung von Zwillingssöhnen, Eurysthenes und Prokles, die dann Lakonien erhielten und die Stammväter der beiden spartanischen Königshäuser wurden. Nach spartanischer Überlieferung führte A. selber die Spartaner hei…

(Χρύσιππος). [English version] [1] Lieblingssohn des Pelops Lieblingssohn des Pelops aus dessen erster Ehe mit der Nymphe Axioche (schol. Pind. O. 1,89, schol. Eur. Or. 4) oder Danais (Plut. mor. 313E). Mit ihm werden zwei Erzählungen verbunden: Zeus (Praxilla 3,6 Edmonds = Athen. 13 p. 603a) oder Laios, Ch.' Lehrer im Wagenlenken (so wohl im “Ch.” des Euripides, TGF fr. 839-844, evtl. schon im Laios des Aischylos), entbrennt in Liebe zu dem außerordentlich schönen Jüngling und entführt ihn aus dem Haus seines Vaters oder aber während der Nemeischen Spiele n…

(Διονυσόδωρος). [English version] [1] Taxiarch des Theramenes um 400 v. Chr. Taxiarch des Theramenes, wurde von Agoratos an die Dreißig verraten (Lys. or. 13,30; 39-42). Diesen verklagte 399/98 v.Chr. der Bruder und Schwager des D., Dionysios, der Sprecher der 13. Rede des Lysias. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)…

[1] literarisch-künstlerischer Begriff [English version] …