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Ḳubbat al-Hawāʾ

(523 words)

Author(s): Rogers, J.M.
, “the Dome of the Winds”, a popular appellation for isolated monuments situated on rocky spurs, for example, the (undated) domed tomb of a s̲h̲ayk̲h̲ on the west bank of the Nile (cf. Murray’s Handbook for travellers in Upper and Lower Egypt , 9th edition, ed. Mary Brodrick, London 1896, 920) above Aswan. This presumably postdates the destruction of an adjacent Coptic monastery, attested by a graffito, in S̲h̲ams al-Dawla’s Nubian expedition of 1173, though the monasteries of the area, to judge from desecratory Muslim visitation inscriptions in Arabic dated, inter alia, 694/1294-5, i…

Ören Ḳalʿe

(1,321 words)

Author(s): Rogers, J.M.
, in Russian Orenkale, a site in the southern part of the modern Azerbaijan Republic, in the mediaeval Islamic province of Arrān [ q.v.]. It lies in lat. 39° 50ʹ N., long. 47° 30ʹ E. above the confluence of the Kur and Araxes rivers, close to an ancient canal, the Gyaur Ark̲h̲ [see mūḳān , at Vol. VII, 498b]. The site marks the mediaeval Islamic ¶ town of Baylaḳān [ q.v.] conclusively established by the discovery of wasters of spheroconic vessels, stamped with the inscription ʿamal Faḍlūn bi ’l-Baylaḳān , in the course of excavations which began there in 1953 a…

القاهرة

(21,118 words)

Author(s): Rogers, J. M. | Jomier, J.
[English edition] القاهرة عاصمة مصر، وأحد أهمّ مراكز الحياة الدّينيّة والثّقافيّة والسّياسيّة في العالم الإسلاميّ. تقع المدينة على ضفّتي نهر النّيل على خطّ العرض 30°6′ شمالا، وخطّ الطّول 31°26′ شرقا، وعلى بعد 20 كم تقريباً جنوب الدّلتا حيث ينخفض جبل المقطّم حتّى يكاد يبلغ النّهر. وقد كان هذا الموقع الاستراتيجيّ للمدينة الّذي يهيمن على منافذ مصر السّفلى مأهولا بالسّكّان منذ القدم، ولكنّه اكتسب أهمّيّة قصوى خلال الغزو العربيّ في العام 22/643، حين أرسى عمرو بن العاص أسس مخيّم عسكريّ دائم في الفسطاط. …

al-Ḳāhira

(22,495 words)

Author(s): Rogers, J.M. | J. M. Rogers | J. Jomier
, capital of Egypt and one of the most important centres of religious, cultural and political life in the Muslim world. The city is situated on both banks on the Nile, at 30°6′ Lat. N. and 31°26′ Long. E. respectively, at ca. 20 km. south of the delta where the Muḳaṭṭam Mountain almost comes down to the river. This strategical point dominating the access to Lower Egypt had been inhabited since early times, but became of primary importance during the arab invasion in 22/643, when ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ e…

Lāranda

(6,428 words)

Author(s): Groot, A.H. de | Reed, H.A. | Rogers, J.M.
, Larende or Karaman in modern Turkish usage, earlier Turkish Ḳaramān or Dārende, a provincial town in Anatolia, is the seat of one of the thirteen districts of Ḳonya [ q.v.]. The district of Karaman is the largest (4,647 km 2) ilçe in Turkey. The town lies outside the earthquake zone at lat. 37° N, long. 33° 10′ E, at an elevation of 1,038 m., on the plateau at the northern end of the pass leading through the Taurus Mts. to the Göksü (ancient Kalykadnos, or Saleph) river valley. The main roa…

سلاجقة

(40,932 words)

Author(s): Bosworth, C. E. | Hillenbrand, R. | Rogers, J. M. | de Blois, F.C. | Darley-Doran, R. E.
[English edition] ينتمي السلاجقة إلى سلالة تركيّة في إسلام العصر الوسيط، حكمت بطريقة مباشرة أو عن طريق أمراء تابعين لها وهي في أوج قوّتها خلال القرنين الخامس والسادس هجريّا / الحادي عشر والثاني عشر ميلاديّاـ مناطق واسعة من آسيا الغربيّة في بلدان ما وراء النهر وفي فرغانة وسماريش وخوارزم شرقاً إلى الأناضول وسوريا والحجاز من جهة الغرب. ومن صميم ما سُمّيَ امبراطوريّة السلاجقة العُظمى، حافظت السلالات التابعة لعائلة السلاجقة على مناطق مثل كرمان(إلى نهاية القرن السادس الهجري / الثّاني عشر الميلادي) وسوري…

Sald̲j̲ūḳids

(46,928 words)

Author(s): Bosworth, C.E. | Hillenbrand, R. | Rogers, J.M. | Blois, F.C. de | Darley-Doran, R.E.
, a Turkish dynasty of mediaeval Islam which, at the peak of its power during the 5th-6th/11th-12th centuries, ruled over, either directly or through vassal princes, a wide area of Western Asia from Transoxania, Farg̲h̲āna, the Semirečye and K̲h̲wārazm in the east to Anatolia, Syria and the Ḥid̲j̲āz in the west. From the core of what became the Great Sald̲j̲ūḳ empire, subordinate lines of the Sald̲j̲ūḳ family maintained themselves in regions like Kirmān (till towards the end of the 6th/12th century), Syria (till the opening years of…