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Kirkūk

(3,533 words)

Author(s): Kramers, J. H. | Bois, Th.
est la plus grande ville de la région de Mésopotamie (44° 25′ Est, 35° 25′ Nord) limitée par le Petit Zāb au Nord-ouest, le Ḏj̲abal Ḥamrīn au Sud-ouest, le Diyālā au Sud-est et les chaînes du Zagros au Nord-est. Identifiée par certains (par ex. C. J. Gadd, dans Rev. d’Assyr. et d’Archéol. Orient., 1926 et par Sidney Smith) comme le site de l’ancienne cité d’Arrapha, Kirkūk participa à une révolte d’un fils de Salmanasar II (858-824 av. J.-C.) contre son père vieillissant; elle se souleva de nouveau sous le règne d’As̲h̲ur-dan III (771-754 av. J.-…

Kurdes Et Kurdistān

(53,718 words)

Author(s): Bois, Th. | Minorsky, V. | MacKenzie, D.N.
Sommaire de l’article: I. — Généralités. II. — Les Kurdes et leur pays: le Kurdistān. A. — Extension territoriale du Kurdistān. B. — Ex tension ethnique et géographique du Kurdistān. C. — Extension numérique du Kurdistān. D. — Géographie du Kurdistān. 1. — Aspect physique. 2. — Visage vivant. 3. — Visage humain. E. — Profil anthropologique du Kurdistān. III. — Histoire. A. — Origines et histoire préislamique. B. — Période islamique jusqu’à 1920. C. — De 1920 à nos jours. IV. — La société kurde. A. — Les structures fondamentales de la société kurde. 1. — La famille kurde. 2. — L’organisation trib…

Kirkūk

(3,649 words)

Author(s): Kramers, J.H. | Bois, Th.
, the biggest town of the region of Mesopotamia (44° 25′ E., 35° 25′ N.,) bounded by the Little Zab in the north-west, the D̲j̲abal Ḥamrīn in the south-west, the Diyālā in the south-east and the mountain chains of the Zagros in the north-east. It is identified by some (e.g. C. J. Gadd in Rev. d’Assyr. et d’Arch . Or., xxiii (1926), 64, and by Sidney Smith) as the site of the ancient city of Arrapḫa, and so Kirkūk participated in the revolt of the son of Shalmaneser II (850-824 B.C.) against his ageing father; again it rose up in the reign of Ashur Dan I…

Kurds, Kurdistān

(55,434 words)

Author(s): Bois, Th. | Minorsky, V. | MacKenzie, D.N.
¶ i.—General Introduction The Kurds, an Iranian people of the Near East, live at the junction of more or less laicised Turkey, S̲h̲īʿi Iran, Arab and Sunnī ʿIrāḳ and North Syria, and Soviet Transcaucasia. The economic and strategic importance of this land, Kurdistān, is undeniable. Since the end of the First World War, the Kurdish people, like all the rest of their neighbours, have undergone considerable transformations as much in the political order as in the economic, social and cultural domain. …