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Dawār
(401 words)
, an encampment of Arab Bedouins in which the tents (sing,
k̲h̲ayma ) are arranged in a circle or an ellipse, forming a sort of enceinte around the open space in the middle (
murāḥ ) where the cattle pass the night; this very ancient way of laying out an encampment is still to be found among the Bedouins of the east (northern Syria, Mesopotamia) and among all the nomads or semi-nomads of North Africa. The name of
dawār which is given to it appears already in the writings of certain travellers ¶ and geographers of the middle ages. In the East, the exact form of the word is
dawār or
dwār …
D̲j̲allāb
(674 words)
, or, according to the dialect, d̲j̲allāba or d̲j̲allābiyya , an outer garment used in certain parts of the Mag̲h̲rib, which is very wide and loose with a hood and two armlets. The
d̲j̲allāb is made of a quadrangular piece of cloth, which is much longer than it is broad. By sewing together the two short ends a wide cylinder is formed. Its upper opening is also sewn up except for a piece in the centre where a hole is required for the head and neck. Holes are cut on each side for the arms. When the garment i…
al-ʿAynī
(717 words)
, abū muḥammad maḥmūd b. aḥmad b. mūsā badr al dīn , was born 17 Ramadan 762/ 21 July 1361, at ʿAynṭāb, a place situated between Aleppo and Antioch. He belonged to a family of scholars (his father was a
ḳāḍī ) and began his studies at an early age, first in his birthplace and then at Aleppo. When he was 29 years old, he visited Damascus, Jerusalem and Cairo. He was initiated into the mystical doctrines of Ṣūfism in the latter town and for a time entered the darwīs̲h̲ monastery of the Barḳūḳiyya, which had recently…
D̲j̲īm
(1,889 words)
5th letter of the Arabic alphabet, transcribed
d̲j̲ ; numerical value 3, so agreeing, like
dāl , with the order of the letters of the Syriac (and Canaanite) alphabet [see abd̲j̲ad ]. It represents a
g (occlusive, postpalatal1, voiced) in the ancient Semitic (and in common Semitic). In Arabic, This articulation has evolved: the point of articulation has been carried forward, in an unconditioned way 2, to the middle and prepalatal region, as a consequence of which it readily developed elements of palatalization (
g y and
d y) and affrication (
d̲j̲). A simplification of the articulation …