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Özi

(807 words)

Author(s): Soucek, S.
, Özü, the Turkish name of three related features: the river Dnepr, the coastal fortress of Očakov (both in the Ukraine), and the Ottoman eyālet alternately called Özi or Silistre (roughly a coastal area bracketed by the lower Özi/Dnepr on the east and the lower Danube with the nearby river port city of Silistre on the south-west; its beylerbeyi resided at Aḳḳirmān or Silistre but not at Özi/Očakov, more often the seat of a sand̲j̲aḳ beyi ). Both the river and the fortress played an important but complex role in the history of the two Turkish Muslim powers in the Black S…

Seychelles

(366 words)

Author(s): Soucek, S.
, a group of islands in the Indian Ocean to the north of Madagascar and east of Tanzania and Kenya, successively a French and British colony (1756-1976), and an independent republic since then (Republic of Seychelles, République des Seychelles, and Repiblik Sesel in its three languages, English, French and Creole). The population of over 80,000 souls is mainly of African descent (brought there by French and British colonists as slaves), the minority consisting of Indian, Chinese and European ele…

Yābisa

(771 words)

Author(s): Soucek, S.
, the mediaeval Arabic name for Ibiza (Catalan, Eivissa), an island in the western Mediterranean, part of al-Ḏj̲azāʾir al-s̲h̲arḳiyya “the Eastern islands” [of al-Andalus], sc. the Balearics [see mayūrḳa ; minūrḳa and their Bibls.], and also the name of its chief town and port. Ibiza is the smallest of the trio (area 572 km2), and lies 85 km to the southwest of Mallorca halfway to the Spanish ¶ coast (at Cabo de la Nao, with Denia nearby). It is flanked by the still smaller island of Formentera 4 km to its south, and the name Pityusic Islands, applied to these …

Sīdī ʿAlī Reʾīs

(968 words)

Author(s): Soucek, S.
(Seydi Ali Reis) (b. Istanbul, beg. 16th century, d. there D̲j̲umādā I 970/December-January 1562-3), Ottoman mariner, administrator, author and poet, also known by his tak̲h̲alluṣ Kātibī or Kātib-i Rūm. He participated in Ottoman naval operations that included the conquest of Rhodes (1522), the battle of Preveza (1538), the sailings of K̲h̲ayr al-Dīn Pas̲h̲a Barbarossa [ q.v.], and the conquest of Libyan Tripoli (1551); he also rose to the rank of ketk̲h̲udā [ q.v.] of the imperial arsenal ( tersāne-yi ʿāmire ) in Istanbul, following the careers of his father and grandfather. …

Tarim

(721 words)

Author(s): Soucek, S.
, a river in the Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China (Eastern Turkestan). It is formed at the confluence of the Kās̲h̲g̲h̲ar and Yarkand rivers, and flows through the northern part of the Tarim basin until it reaches, on the east, the Lob Nor lake. The river’s historical importance lies chiefly in the name associated with this unique area. The Tarim basin, an elevated ellipsoid depression (1280 km/800 miles from east to west, 640 km/400 miles from north to south) bordered by massive mountain complexes (Kunlun, Altyntagh and Nanshan on the south, …

Ṣaḳi̊z

(2,737 words)

Author(s): Soucek, S.
(the Ottoman Turkish name for Chios, the Greek name of this island and of its capital; ṣaḳi̊z means “gum mastic”, a testimony to the product for which Chios was famous), an island in the eastern Aegean alongside the Turkish coast, from which only 8 km/5 miles separate it at the narrowest point of the strait of Chios ( Ṣaḳi̊z bog̲h̲azi̊ ); the large peninsula of Karaburun on the mainland, jutting north, separates the island’s northern half from the gulf and port of Smyrna [see izmir in Suppl.]. With an area of 841 km2, it is the fifth largest island of the Aegean after Crete [see iḳrītis̲h̲ …
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