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Father

(1,502 words)

Author(s): Karle, Isolde
1. OT, NT, Early Church In the OT the father is the ancestor of a line, the protector and patriarch of the family, and has almost unlimited authority. The promises to the patriarchs (Patriarchal History) Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are central to the identity of Israel (and of the early church; see Romans 4). Yahweh, however, the God of the fathers, is rarely addressed as father, an attempt to avoid any proximity to the generative fertility gods in Israel’s surroundings (e.g., Ugarit; Mother Goddesses 1). Only during the postexilic period are more frequent references made to…

Emmanuel Movement

(205 words)

Author(s): Karle, Isolde
[German Version] The Emmanuel Movement was founded in 1906 by E. Worcester, a psychology professor and subsequently rector of Emmanuel Church in Boston. Later collaborators included Samuel McComb, Isidor Coriat, Loring Waart Batten and D. Pratt. The Emmanuel Movement, premised on the immediate unity of body, soul, and spirit, encouraged cooperation between doctors and clergy. Its…

Supervision (Professional)

(348 words)

Author(s): Karle, Isolde
[German Version] The word supervision in the sense of this article originated in the field of psychosocial work; it denotes a form of professional guidance related to professional practice; its goal is to improve the quality of professional work. Under the guidance of a trained specialist, workers reflect on the psychological, social, and institutional dimensions of their professional activity. There is individual supervision, but also group supervision (Clinical pastoral education) and team supervi…

Professionalization

(2,084 words)

Author(s): Stichweh, Rudolf | Karle, Isolde | Strohm, Theodor
[German Version] I. General The term profession denotes a particular form of vocation that modern society inherited from the estate-based, corporative world of early modern Europe. The ¶ earliest examples were the academic vocations of theologians, jurists, and physicians, who were educated by the faculties of the medieval and early modern universities. An important element was therefore a close tie to one of the great traditions of scholarly knowledge, which were then applied by “professionals” in practical situations li…

Residence Obligation

(524 words)

Author(s): Tiling, Peter v. | Karle, Isolde
[German Version] I. Church Law Residence obligation is the requirement that people, especially clergy, live at their place of employment and if necessary move into an official residence, usually a ¶ parsonage. This obligation must be distinguished from mandatory presence, i.e. the obligation not to be away from one’s place of employment for extended periods except as specifically provided (vacation, special permission). Canon law and Protestant church law treat this obligation similarly. In both, stabilitas loci is intended to make sure the clergy can be reached at any…

Professionalisierung

(1,851 words)

Author(s): Stichweh, Rudolf | Karle, Isolde | Strohm, Theodor
[English Version] I. Allgemein Der Begriff der Profession bez. eine bestimmte Form der Beruflichkeit, die der modernen Gesellschaft aus der ständisch-korporativen Welt des alten Europa zugekommen ist. Beispiele waren zunächst die akademischen Berufe des Theologen, Juristen und Mediziners, die ihren Ausbildungsort an den Fakultäten der ma. und der frühneuzeitlichen Universität fanden. Wichtig war also ein enger Bezug zu einer der großen Traditionen gelehrten Wissens, die aber durch den Professionell…

Residenzpflicht

(480 words)

Author(s): Tiling, Peter v. | Karle, Isolde
[English Version] I. Kirchenrechtlich R. bez. die Pflicht v.a. von Geistlichen, am Dienstort zu wohnen und ggf. eine Dienstwohnung, meist ein Pfarrhaus, zu beziehen. Davon zu unterscheiden ist die Präsenzpflicht, d.h. die Pflicht, sich nur unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen (Urlaub, spezielle Genehmigung) längerfristig vom Dienstort zu entfernen. Beide sind im kath. und ev. Kirchenrecht ähnlich geregelt; hier wie dort soll die stabilitas loci die jederzeitige Erreichbarkeit des Amtsträgers sichern, s…

Supervision

(323 words)

Author(s): Karle, Isolde
[English Version] . S. kommt urspr. aus der psychosozialen Arbeit und ist eine Form von professioneller Beratung, die sich auf die berufliche Praxis bezieht und darauf abzielt, die Qualität beruflicher Arbeit zu verbessern. Unter Anleitung einer eigens ausgebildeten Fachkraft werden die psychischen, sozialen und institutionellen Dimensionen beruflicher Tätigkeit reflektiert. Es gibt die Einzel-, aber auch die Gruppen- (Clinical Pastoral Education) und die Teamsupervision. Methodisch stehen Beratun…