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[German Version] I. Archaeology – II. Art History I. Archaeology The term “crafts” refers to the production of objects and implements of all kinds – in other words, what are now usually called the “practical arts.” In the ancient Near East, there was no terminology for crafts, nor were there explicit theories concerning art. Sometimes mythology attributed crafts to culture heroes (Gen 4:22; 6; cf. Philo of Byblos) or some deity or patron like the later figures of Joseph, the …

[German Version] (from Lat. textilis, “woven, knitted”) comprises items produced by interlacing, entwining, linking, or weaving threads or yarn; such articles are used for clothing and high quality interior decoration. The raw materials have various origins: animals (wool, silk), plants (cotton, flax, jute, hemp), and since the 20th century industry (synthetic fibers). Braiding is the alternate interlacing of strands running in the same ¶ direction; in knitting the parallel strands are joined by stitches. In weaving two perpendicular groups of strands are cr…

[English Version] (lat. textilis, »gewebt, gewirkt«), durch Verflechtung, Verschlingung, Verknüpfung oder Weben von Fäden (Garn) entstandene Erzeugnisse für Kleidung und Raumausstattung des gehobenen Bedarfs. Rohstoffe der T. sind Fasern tierischen (Wolle, Seide), pflanzlichen (Baumwolle, Flachs, Jute, Hanf) und – seit dem 20.Jh. – industriell-synthetischen (»Chemiefasern«) Ursprungs. Flechten ist das wechselseitige Verschlingen in gleicher Richtung laufender Fäden, beim Wirken werden die gleichla…