Search

Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Lang, Bernhard" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Lang, Bernhard" )' returned 16 results. Modify search

Sort Results by Relevance | Newest titles first | Oldest titles first

Hölle

(986 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
Als H. ( gehenna) wird in Judentum, Christentum und Islam der unterirdische Ort bezeichnet, an dem die Verdammten unter den Toten für ihre Vergehen bestraft werden (Jenseits). Die kirchliche Lehre war bis tief in die Nz. durch die Auffassung des Kirchenvaters Augustinus bestimmt: Bedingt durch die alle Menschen belastende Erbsünde warte nach dem irdischen Leben ewige H.-Strafe auf die Mehrzahl der Nachkommen Adams und Evas. Zwei Maßnahmen könnten vor diesem Schicksal retten: die kirchliche Mitgliedschaft stiftende Taufe (Sakrament) sowie die in der Beichte durch den Priester …
Date: 2019-11-19

Himmel

(1,169 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
1. Theozentrisches HimmelsbildAls H. wird im Christentum ein jenseits der irdischen Welt liegender, transzendenter Ort bezeichnet, der als Wohnstätte Gottes, der Engel, der Heiligen und der mit ewigem Leben belohnten Gläubigen gilt (Jenseits). Während der gesamten Nz. blieb in der christl. Frömmigkeit (Frömmigkeitskulturen) und Theologie die ma. Ansicht erhalten, nach der sich das Wesen des H. theozentrisch beschreiben lässt: Im H. begegnen die Seligen Gott, den sie schauen und lobpreisen. Die Reformatoren blieben dieser Sicht verpflichtet; so Johannes Calvin: »Im Paradies …
Date: 2019-11-19

Engel

(1,446 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
1. TraditionenD…
Date: 2019-11-19

Hell

(1,063 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
Hell is the subterranean world as imagined in Christianity and Islam (and, more equivocally, in Judaism, cf. [14]) in which the damned among the dead are punished for their sins (Afterlife). Until well into the early modern period, church teaching was still conditioned by the view of the Church Father Augustine: because of original sin weighing upon all people, eternal punishment in hell awaited most of the progeny of Adam and Eve after their earthly lives. Two measures could save the individual from this fate:…
Date: 2019-10-14

Heaven

(1,244 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
1. Theocentric view Christianity describes heaven as a transcendental locale beyond the material world, the residence of God, the angels and saints, where the faithful are rewarded with eternal life (Afterlife). Christian piety and theology preserved throughout the early modern period the medieval view that offered a theocentric description of the nature of heaven. In heaven, the blessed were said to encounter God, beholding and praising him. The Protestants remained wedded to this view, John Calvi…
Date: 2019-10-14

Angel

(1,628 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
1. Traditions The very ancient belief in the existence and work of (good or evil) angels (from Gk ángelos, “[divine] messenger”) is taken for granted in Christianity and Islam. On into the 18th century it took its lead from the biblical narratives of angels as divine messengers and interpreters; on divine instructions they give advice to human beings and protect them from adversarial powers. Individuals, but also communities and even entire peoples have their guardian angel. And God’s angels in particular lead th…
Date: 2019-10-14

Rituals of Movement

(591 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
[German Version] may be divided into three types: dance, procession, and perambulation. The central feature of dance is movement of the human body, whereby the body may function as a single whole, or, as in Africa, different parts of the body may execute quasi-autonomous movements. Dance may carry a wide variety of religious meanings; they range from enterta…

Hell

(5,978 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph | Houtman, Cornelis | Frankemölle, Hubert | Lang, Bernhard | Sparn, Walter | Et al.
[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. New Testament – IV. Church History – V. Dogmatics – VI. Judaism – VII. Islam – VIII. Buddhism…

Proverb

(438 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
[German Version] Proverbs and proverbial expressions are found in all languages and cultures, and often represent international material. The traditional appreciation of proverbs is based on the observation that they preserve the ethos of “ordinary people,” whose values, informed by common sense, coalesce in a “simple morality” (Bollnow)…

Elephantine

(262 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard

Elephantine Documents

(1,630 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
[German Version] I. History of the Discovery – II. The Jewish Military Colony – III. Literary Texts On the island of Elephantine in the Nile a large number of ancient inscriptions and documents came to light. Of special importance among them are the Aramaic papyri dating from the 5th century bce that provide insight into the culture, religion, and fate of a Jewish community consisting of mercenaries in Persian service. The following will discuss only these Aramaic documents. …

Heaven

(3,990 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph | Houtman, Cornelis | Rowland, Christopher | Lang, Bernhard | Farrow, Douglas B. | Et al.
[German Version] Cosmology and Kingdom of God I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament –III. …

Processions

(986 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
[German Version] I. Religious Studies Processions (on the history of the term, see II below), structured and set apart from everyday life by specific rules, are among the most widespread religious rituals. They involve festive parades of groups of various sizes, usually on foot. They may be carried out in isolation or, more often, as part of larger cultic observances or festivals. Processions may be described as functional, theophoric, mimetic (Mimesis), or demonstrative, so that four pure types can…

Riddle

(383 words)

Author(s): Lang, Bernhard
[German Version] ( in religious studies). The riddle is one of the oldest contrived formations of human speech. Most riddles are encrypted descriptions of persons, things or facts. As indirect communications they challenge the astuteness of the hearer or reader. Appreciation of riddles arises from the enjoyment of playful concealing, seeking, and finding of meaning, and also from the insight that no deeper knowledg…

Ethnology

(2,732 words)

Author(s): Hefner, Philip | Thiel, Josef Franz | Lang, Bernhard
[German Version] I. The C…

Devil

(8,622 words)

Author(s): Felber, Annelies | Hutter, Manfred | Achenbach, Reinhard | Aune, David E. | Lang, Bernhard | Et al.
[German Version] I. Names and Terms – II. Religious Studies – III. Ancient Near East and Old Testament – IV. New Testament – V. Church History – VI. Philosophy of Religion – VII. Fundamental Theology – VIII. Dogmatics – IX. Judaism – X. Islam – XI. History of Art and Literature…