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[German version] I. Greek (Φαῖδρος; Phaîdros). [German version] [I 1] 5th cent. BC Son of Pythocles, from the Attic deme of Myrrhinus, born probably c. 450 BC. Accused of participation in the profanation of the Eleusinian Mysteria and the mutilatation of the herms, P. went into exile in 415 BC. His property was confiscated (And. 1,15; ML 79,112-115). By 404 BC at the latest, he had returned to Athens; he subsequently married a cousin (Lys. 19,15). Died before 393. Participant in the meeting in Plato's Protagoras (315c), interlocutor of Socrates in Plato's Phaedrus and first speaker in his Sy…

(Ἀσκληπιάδης; Asklēpiádēs) [German version] [1] of Samos Epigrammatic poet Epigrammatic poet of the ‘Garland’ of Meleager, who addresses him in the preface by the dark pseudonym Σικελίδης (Anth. Pal. 4,1,46; cf. Hedylus, GA I 1, 101 6, 4; Theoc. 7,40); an outstanding representative of the Ionian-Alexandrianschool, he lived around the turn of the 4th/3rd cent. BC. A. was highly praised by Theocritus (7,39-41), but attacked by Callimachus (schol. Flor. Callim. Fr.1,1). From the latter he differed, among other things, through a diametrically opposed appraisal of the Lyde of Antimach…

(Ἀρίστιππος; Arístippos) [German version] [1] Tyrant of Argos (middle of the 3rd cent. BC) From Argus, friend of the Antigonids, against whom his rival Aristeas called  Pyrrhus into the town in 272 BC (Plut. Pyrrh. 30,2); after 272/1 probably the tyrant [1. 396]. Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) [German version] [2] Tyrant of Argos (240-234 BC) Grandson of [1] [1. 711], son of the tyrant  Aristomachus [3], tyrant in 240-235/4; vanquished in an ambush near Cleonae by the repeated attacks of  Aratus [2] (Plut. Arat. 27-29 [2. 61-63], whom A. had sued a…

[English version] [1] Von Samos Epigrammatiker, um 300 v. Chr. Epigrammdichter des “Kranzes” des Meleagros, der ihn im Proömium mit dem dunklen Pseudonym Σικελίδης (Anth. Pal. 4,1,46; vgl. Hedylos, GA I 1, 101 6, 4; Theokr. 7,40) anspricht, herausragender Vertreter der ion.-alexandrin. Schule, lebte um die Wende vom 4. zum 3.Jh. v.Chr. Von Theokrit wurde A. hochgelobt (7,39-41), von Kallimachos dagegen angefeindet (schol. Flor. Kallim. fr.1,1). Von diesem unterschied ihn u.a. eine diametral entgegengesetzte Bewertung der Lyde des Antimachos (9,63, vgl. Kall. fr.398). A.…

[English version] [1] Tyrann von Argos (Mitte 3. Jh. v. Chr.) Aus Argos, Freund der Antigoniden, gegen den sein Rivale Aristeas 272 v. Chr. Pyrrhos in die Stadt rief (Plut. Pyrrh. 30,2); nach 272/1 wohl Tyrann [1. 396]. Günther, Linda-Marie (München) [English version] [2] Tyrann von Argos (240-234 v. Chr.) Enkel von [1] [1. 711], Sohn des Tyrannen Aristomachos [3], Tyrann 240-235/4; erlag in einem Hinterhalt bei Kleonai den fortgesetzten Anschlägen des Aratos [2] (Plut. Arat. 27-29 [2. 61-63], den A. schon nach einem ersten völkerrechtswidrige…

(Αἰσχίνης; Aischínēs). [German version] [1] Student of Socrates From the Attic deme of Sphettus, son of Lysanias, student of Socrates. Born between 430/420 BC, died after 375/6 BC. A. was present during Socrates' trial and death (Pl. Ap. 33e; Phaed. 59b). A. is said to have been poor when he joined Socrates. In a speech by Lysias, he was accused of being a notorious debtor (Ath. 13,611d-612f). It remains unclear, whether A. indeed composed court speeches and delivered lectures for cash -- as claimed by …

(Γλαύκων; Glaúkōn). [German version] [1] Athen. strategós about 440 BC Son of Leagoras, Athenian   stratēgós at Samos in 441-440 BC (Androtion FGrH 324 F 38 with comm.); in 439-438 and 435-434 stratēgós, in 433-432 commander of the fleet sent to Corcyra (Thuc. 1,51; Syll.3 72). Often mentioned on Attic   kalos-inscriptions in 480-450 BC. Traill, PAA 277035. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] [2] Son of Critias, father of Plato's mother Perictione Son of  Critias, father of Charmides and of Plato's mother Perictione (Pl. Prt. 315a; Charm. 154ab; Symp. 222b; T…

(Γλαύκων). [English version] [1] Athen. strategós um 440 v. Chr. Sohn des Leagoras, athenischer stratēgós bei Samos 441/440 v.Chr. (Androtion FGrH 324 F 38 mit Komm.); 439/8 und 435/4 stratēgós, 433/2 Kommandant der nach Korkyra gesandten Flotte (Thuk. 1,51; Syll.3 72). Auf att. Lieblingsinschriften 480-450 v.Chr. häufig erwähnt. Traill, PAA 277035. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [English version] [2] Sohn des Kritias, Vater von Platons Mutter Periktione Sohn des Kritias, Vater des Charmides und von Platons Mutter Periktione (Plat. Prot. 315a; Charm. 154ab; symp. …

[English version] [1] Schüler des Sokrates, gest. nach 376/5 v. Chr. Aus dem att. Demos Sphettos, Sohn des Lysanias, Schüler des Sokrates.  430/420 v. Chr., gest. nach 375/6. A. war beim Prozeß und beim Tod des Sokrates zugegen (Plat. apol. 33e; Phaid. 59b). Er soll, als er sich Sokrates anschloß, arm gewesen sein. In einer Rede des Lysias wurde er als übler Schuldenmacher angeprangert (Athen. 13,611d-612f). Ob die in den Quellen zu lesende Behauptung, A. habe sich als Verf. von Gerichtsreden betätigt und…

(Ἀριστοτέλης; Aristotélēs). [German version] [1] Athenian oligarch Athenian oligarch who, in 404 BC, was banned from Athens and sent to Sparta by  Lysander (Xen. Hell. 2,2,118). Later, he was one of the 30 Tyrants in Athens (Xen. Hell. 2,3,2;  Triakonta), who sent him to Sparta with the request for a Spartan occupational force (Xen. Hell. 2,3,13). Traill, PAA, 174765. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] [2] Rhodian envoy, 166/5 BC Rhodian envoy to Rome who, in 166/5 BC, failed in his request for a renewal of the amicitia by the Senate (Pol. 30,23,2-4) [1. 167,2; 2. 208]. Günther, …

(Ἑρμογένης; Hermogénēs). [German version] [1] Companion of Socrates Athenian, son of Hipponicus, brother of Callias, appears on many occasions in the Socratic writings of Plato and Xenophon as the companion of  Socrates. Together with the eponymous character, H. is the dialogue partner of Socrates in Plato's Cratylus. Döring, Klaus (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 SSR VI B 71-77 2 Davies, 269-270. [German version] [2] From Aspendus, assistant commander of Antiocus I H. from Aspendus. In the struggle of Antiochus [2] I (died in 261 BC) to regain territories in Asia Minor…

(Σίμων/ Símōn). [German version] [1] Sculptor in bronze from Aegina, c. 480-460 BC Sculptor in bronze from Aegina. S. participated with a horse and a charioteer in the votive offerings dedicated by Phormis at Olympia; accordingly, his period of artistic activity is around 480-460 BC. The base which belonged to it has been identified. A dog and an archer by S. (Plin. HN 34,90) probably formed a further group. Neudecker, Richard (Rome) Bibliography Overbeck, nos. 402, 437  M. Zuppa, s.v. S. 2, EAA 7, 1966, 315  F. Eckstein, Anathemata, 1969, 43-49  E. Walter-Karydi, Die äginetische Bi…

(Εὐκλείδης; Eukleídēs). [German version] [1] Athenian archon in 403/2 BC Athenian archon in 403/2 BC. During his year in office Athens made a new start following the Oligarchy of the Thirty (e.g., see And. 1,87-94) and, among others, officially adopted the Ionian alphabet (Theopomp. FGrH 115 F 155). Rhodes, Peter J. (Durham) Bibliography Develin 199 LGPN 2, Εὐκλείδης (9). [German version] [2] of Megara Student of Socrates Student of Socrates, founder of the  Megarian School; born between 450 and 435, probably died early in the 360s. In Plato's Phaedon (59c) E. is named among those …

(Ἀριστοτέλης). [English version] [1] Athenischer Oligarch Athenischer Oligarch, der als athenischer Verbannter 404 v. Chr. von Lysandros nach Sparta gesandt wurde (Xen. hell. 2,2,118). Später gehörte er zu den 30 Tyrannen in Athen (Xen. hell. 2,3,2; Triakonta), von denen er mit der Bitte um eine spartanische Besatzungstruppe nach Sparta geschickt wurde (Xen. hell. 2,3,13). Traill, PAA, 174765. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [English version] [2] Rhodischer Gesandter 166/5 v. Chr. Rhodier, bat 166/5 v. Chr. als Gesandter in Rom vergeblich den Senat um die Erneuerung der amicitia (Pol…

[English version] [1] Makedon. Reichsverweser (320-319 v. Chr.) Sohn des Iolaos,  399/8 v. Chr., unter Philippos und wohl schon unter dessen Vater Amyntas und Brüdern mil. und diplomatisch aktiv. Er war Alexandros [4] bes. verbunden und sicherte ihm nach Philippos' Ermordung den Thron. Bei Alexandros' Invasion in Asien blieb er mit der Hälfte des maked. Heeres als Statthalter von Europa zurück. Er überwachte Griechenland und sandte während des ersten Jahres des Feldzugs dem König Söldner und maked. Auf…

(Ἑρμογένης). [English version] [1] Gefährte des Sokrates Athener, Sohn des Hipponikos, Bruder des Kallias, tritt in den sokratischen Schriften Platons und Xenophons mehrfach als Gefährte des Sokrates in Erscheinung. Zusammen mit der Titelgestalt ist H. Gesprächspartner des Sokrates in Platons Kratylos. Döring, Klaus (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 SSR VI B 71-77 2 Davies, 269-270. [English version] [2] aus Aspendos, Unterfeldherr Antiochos' I. H. aus Aspendos, zog im Kampf des Antiochos [2] I. (gest. 261 v.Chr.) nach der Ermordung von dessen Vater Seleukos I. z…

(Εὐκλείδης). [English version] [1] Athenischer Archon im Jahr 403/2 v.Chr. Athenischer Archon im Jahr 403/2 v.Chr. In seinem Amtsjahr machte Athen einen neuen Anfang nach der Oligarchie der Dreißig (siehe etwa And. 1,87-94) und übernahm unter anderem offiziell das Ionische Alphabet (Theop. FGrH 115 F 155). Rhodes, Peter J. (Durham) Bibliography Develin 199 LGPN 2, Εὐκλείδης (9). [English version] [2] aus Megara Schüler des Sokrates, 5./4. Jh. v. Chr. Schüler des Sokrates, Begründer der Tradition der Megariker; geb. zwischen 450 und 435, gest. wahrscheinlich zu B…

(Μενέδημος; Menédēmos). [German version] [1] Functionary of Alexander the Great, 329 BC sent by Alexander [4] the Great in 329 BC, with a 1500-strong mercenary infantry, Caranus with 800 mounted mercenaries and Andromachus with 60 hetairoi, to relieve the fortress of Maracanda, which was under siege by Spitamenes. Pharnuches, a Lycian (but certainly descended from Persian settlers) interpreter, was provided to them as he was familiar with the inhabitants and their language (Arr. An. 4,3,7). Through the inco…

(Σωκράτης; Sōkrátēs). [German version] [1] Sculptor from Thebes, c. 470 BC Sculptor from Thebes. He created a cult statue of Meter Dindymene for Pindar [2] in Thebes (Paus. 9,25,3) and therefore must have worked in the 'Severe Style' around 470 BC. Paus. 1,22,8 attributed a relief of the Charites and a Hermes Propylaios on the Acropolis in Athens to the philosopher S. [2] as the alleged sculptor. The relief of the Charites is identified as the model of a much-copied type. Because it is dated to around 470,…

[German version] [1] Macedonian commander (320-319 BC) Son of Iolaus,  399/398 BC, was certainly already active militarily and diplomatically under  Philippus and under his father  Amyntas and brothers. He was especially connected with  Alexander [4] and secured his throne after the murder of Philippus. During Alexander's invasion in Asia he remained with half of the Macedonian army as governor of Europe. He monitored Greece and sent mercenaries and Macedonian contingents during the first year of the …