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[English version] (Facula bei Val. Max. 5,2,1). Prostituierte aus Capua; sie erhielt auf Senatsbeschluß nach 210 v.Chr. Eigentum und Freiheit zurück, da sie im 2. Punischen Krieg heimlich röm. Gefangene mit Lebensmitteln versorgt hatte (Liv. 26,33,8; 34,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

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[English version] Tochter des Marcius Fundanius, vermutlich zweite Ehefrau des M. Terentius Varro, der ihr im J. 36 v.Chr. de re rustica, B. 1 widmete (rust. 1,1,1; 2, praef. 6 mit Komm. bei [1. ad loc.]. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 D. Flach, Gespräche über die L…

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(Λαίς). Die “gemeinhin Bekannte” von λαός (“Volk”) [1] oder aus dem Semit., “Löwin”. Beliebter Hetärenname, was die Identifizierung erschwert. [English version] [1] Hetäre aus Korinth Hetäre (Hetairai) aus Korinth. L. wird als schön (Athen. 13,587d), schlagfertig (im Gespräch mit Euripides bei Athen. 13,582cd, der sie Eur. Med. 1346 zitiert), wählerisch und teuer beschrieben; L. sei im Alter zur mittellosen Trinkerin geworden (Athen. 13,570cd). L. starb 392 v.Chr. (schol. Aristoph. Plut. 179, [1. Bd. 1, 491]), auch durch ihren Lebenswandel (so Athen. 13, 587e; Philetairos, Kyn…

[English version] [1] Dardanischer Fürst um 200 v. Chr. Dardanischer Fürst, der 200 v.Chr. die Römer im Kampf gegen Philipp V. mit Hilfstruppen unterstützte (Liv. 31,28,1-2.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliogr…

[English version] [1] Tochter des D. Iunius [I 30] Silanus und der Servilia Tochter des D. Iunius [I 30] Silanus und der Servilia, der Nichte Catos, Frau des M. Aemilius [I 12] Lepidus (Cic. Phil. 13,8; Vell. 2,88,1). 30 v.Chr. wurde sie angeklagt, vom Anschlag ihres ältesten Sohnes auf Octavian gewußt zu haben, aber freigesprochen (App. civ. 4,50). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] I. Tertia Schwester der I. [1] Halbschwester des M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus (Suet. Iul. 50,2; Cic. Brut. 3,3; auch I. Tertulla genannt: Cic. Att. 14,202; 15,11,1), Schwester der I…

[English version] Freigelassener Octavians griech. Herkunft. Er besetzte 40 v.Chr. Sardinien für Octavian, wurde aber dort von Menodoros verdrängt (App. civ. 5,277), gefangen und an Octavian zurückgeschickt (Cass. Dio 48,30,1; 48,45,5). Zu seinen Ehren ILS 6267 (= CIL X 5808). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] [1] Mutter des P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio Africanus Mutter des P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio Africanus, den sie (nach Liv. 26,19,6; Gell. 6,1,1-4) von einer Schlange (= Iuppiter) empfangen haben soll (in Anlehnung an die Geburtsgesch. von Alexandros [4] d.Gr.). Ihr soll er auch von seinem Traum, er werde zusammen mit dem älteren Bruder Lucius das Aedilenamt übernehmen, berichtet haben, was sie sehr bewegte (Pol. 10,4,4-5,7); die Gesch. ist unglaubwürdig und irrig (vgl. [1. 200 f.]). Vielleicht durch ihre Verm…

[English version] (auch Maia). Mutter des Dichters Vergilius, von niederer Abkunft. Ihr Traum von der Geburt Vergils bei Sueton (Suet. de viris illustribus, Vergilius 1-3). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography G. Brugnoli, Phocas, Vita…

[English version] (Εὔνους). Syrer, Anführer der Sklavenrevolten 141-132 v.Chr. auf Sizilien. Er sammelte 400 Sklaven und eroberte Enna, andere Städte schlossen sich an. Durch die gute Vorbedeutung seines Namens (“wohlgesinnt”) und seine Fähigkeit zur Weissagung begünstigt [2. 28-29], wurde er nach dem Erfolg in hell. Manier zum König gewählt, nannte sich Antiochos (Diod. 34,2,24; [3]) und nahm die traditionellen Herrschaftsinsignien an, was aber vielmehr auf den Wunsch nach Einheit als auf eine na…

[English version] Sohn des Numiderkönigs Mastanabal, Enkel des Massinissa, Bruder des Iugurtha, erhob trotz geistiger und körperlicher Debilität während des Krieges zwischen Rom und Iugurtha Anspruch auf die Herrschaft. Nach Beendigung des Krieges 105 v.Chr. wurde er mit der Unterstützung des Marius Nachfolger seines Onkels Micipsa und erhielt Ost-Numidien (Sall. Iug. 65,1-4). Strothmann…

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[English version] Terwingischer Gote niederer Abkunft; Arianer. Von Theodosius I. 378 n.Chr. rekrutiert, führte er nach dessen Sieg über Eugenios 394 als comes rei militaris (zur mil. Karriere Sokr. 6,6,2; Soz. 8,4,1) im Auftrag des Stilicho östliche Truppen aus Thessalien dem Arcadius nach Konstantinopel zu. Am Tod des Rufinus 399 war er als Vertrauter Stilichos beteiligt ([1. 107,99], Zos. 5,7,4; Philostorgios 11,3, Iohannes Antiochenus 190 FHG 4,610). 399 zum magister utriusque militiae erhoben, schickte ihn Eutropius nach Phrygien gegen meuternde Greuthungen u…

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[English version] Enkel des Geisericus, letzter Vandalenkönig (530-4 n.Chr.), übernahm 530 nach dem Sturz des Hildericus die Herrschaft (Prok. BV 1,9,8-9; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,3). Seine scharfe Zurückweisung jeden Eingriffs des Iustinianus in innere Angelegenheiten führte zum Krieg (Prok. BV 1,9,10-24). Da G. seine Truppen gegen den aufständischen Godas nach Sardinien gesandt hatte, konnte er sich weder gegen den in Tripolitania revoltierenden Pudentius noch gegen den 533 in Sizilien gelandeten…

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[English version] vielleicht aus Solva in Noricum [1. 80], nach 132 n.Chr. Prokurator in Mauretania Tingitana [2. 49 Anm. 79, 80], nach 135 Prokurator in Noricum (CIL III 5174; 5181). Er war eng mit Fronto befreundet (Fronto, Ad Ant. Pium 3, p. 157 van den Hout), zunächst auch mit dem praef. praetorio Gavius Maximus, den er dann in seinem Testament beleidigte (Fronto, Ad Ant. Pium 4, p. 159). PIR2 C 658. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 G. Alföldy, Noricum, 1974 (Quellen zu C. 244) 2 G. Winkler, Reichsbeamte von Noricum ..., 1969, Nr.10. Pflaum 1, 226-229, Nr. 97 bis, 201 T…

(Τιμάνδρα/ Timándra). [German version] [1] Daughter of Tyndareus and Leda Daughter of Tyndareos and Leda, sister of Clytaemnestra and Helene [1], wife of Echemus [1] of Tegea (Apollod. 3,126; 3,129; Paus. 8,5,1), and with him mother of Evander [1] (Serv. Aen. 8,130). Owing to a curse by Aphrodite on the daughters of Tyndareos (according to Stesich. in Schol. E…

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[German version] Eastern Goth, comes Syracusanae civitatis in AD 526/7, commander of the province of Sicilia, known from two letters of  Athalaric (Cassiod. Var. 9,11; 14) who threatened the comes Gotharum G. with dismissal from office because of serious irregularities in the levying of taxes and in legal decisions. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] (Εὐάγων / Euágōn, in MSS also as Εὐγαίων / Eugaíōn, Εὐγέων / Eugéōn). Of Samos, hailed by Dionysius of Halicarnassus as one of the earliest of the Greek historiographers (De Thucydide 5) and the first Samian historian (last third of the 5th cent. BC), the author of Hôroi Samíōn, which was still referred to by Aristotle; Thucydides, too, used it. In the course of a 2nd cent. BC territorial dispute with Priene, the Samians cited an old border agreement (early 7th cent.), mentioned by E. ─ who thus is one of the earliest local …

[German version] (Guntharis, Gundarus, Gontharis). Bucellarius of  Solomon I, magister militum and dux Numidiae from AD 545 (Iord. De origine actibusque Romanorum 384). G., whom Solomon had sent out in advance to Bagae on the River Abigas with an army to fight the Moors, escaped defeat only through the latter's rapid assistance (Procop. Vand.…

[German version] [1] P. Urgulanilla First wife of the future emperor Claudius (9-24 AD) Daughter of M. Plautius [II 12] Silvanus, first wife of the future emperor Claudius [III 1] (wedding between AD 9 and 10); divorced, probably in 24, on grounds of debauchery and suspicion of murder (aiding in eliminating of Apronia [1], the wife of Plautius' brother) (Tac. Ann. 4,22; on the date Suet. Claud. 26,2; 27,1; [1. 430; 2. 24f.]). The marriage produced two children: Claudia [II 1] Iulia and Claudius [II 23] Drusus (Suet. Claud. 27,1; [3. 135]). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R…

[German version] [1] F. Domitilla Wife of Vespasian Daughter of Flavius Liberalis of Ferentum in Etruria [2. 210, 1447]. First mistress of the eques Statilius Capella; she later married  Vespasianus. The sons Titus, Domitian and a daughter Flavia [2] were born of the marriage ([Aur.Vict.] Epit. Caes. 10,1; 11,1). Initially subject only to Latin law, she later received Roman citizenship when her father became adsertor. She died before Vespasian came to power on 1 July AD 69 (Suet. Vesp. 3) and was not deified. A sesterce minting from 80/1 commemorates her: RIC 2, p. 134, nos. 153-154; BMCRE 2, p. 270f. nos. 226-229 [1. nos. 367; 2. 210, 621; 3]. PIR2 F 416. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] …

[German version] [1] Dux, later rex of the Danubian Suebi Dux, later rex of the Danubian Suebi, after a foray into Dalmatia defeated and ‘adopted’ in c. AD 465 by the king of the Goths Thiudimer. Mobilized a multi-tribe war coalition against the Goths also supported by eastern Rome but was defeated by them in c. 469 (Iord. Get. 273-279). Probably identical to the pillager of Bata…

(Frederick). [German version] [1] Son of the West Gothic king Theodoric I, co-ruler of Theoderic II about AD 450 Son of the West Gothic king Theoderic I, brother and co-ruler of Theoderic II, whom he helped to the throne in AD 453 after the murder of the eldest brother Th…

[German version] Mentioned by Pliny the Elder as the source for parts of his Naturalis historia (Plin. HN 16,216; 37,24; 97; 127); Solinus also repeatedly draws on a C.B. as a source for chronological details (cf. Solin. 1,97; 2,11; 2,18); still the identity of this C.B. with that referred to in Pliny (suspected by [1. XIV]) cannot be proved [2. 646f.]. The inscriptions CIL II 35 and 5184 (=ILS 2920 and 2921) from Lusitania (1st cent. AD), according to which a Lucius CB was flamen provinciae and tribunus militum legionis III Augustae, however probably do relate to Pliny's source. PIR2 C. 133…

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I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] A daughter of Ap. Claudius Caecus, 3rd cent. BC A daughter of Ap. Claudius Caecus. Her wish, which she loudly expressed in a crowd, that her brother P. Claudius Pulcher ( cos. 249 BC) should live and lose another battle at sea so that the mob would be decreased, was heavily fined (Ateius Capito in Gell. NA 10,6; Liv. per. 19; Suet. Tib. 2,3). …

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[German version] [1] Courtesan of the priest-king Archelaus [6] of Comana Courtesan of the priest-king Archelaus [6] of Comana and mother of Archelaus [7], whom  Antonius [I 9] elevated to king of Cappadocia in 36 BC (Cass. Dio 49,32,3; App. B Civ. 5,7). Octavianus criticized the relationship of Antonius with G. (Mart. 11,20). OGIS 361. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Daughter of king Archelaus [7] of Cappadocia Daughter of king Archelaus [7] of Cappadocia, granddaughter of G. [1], in her first marriage G. was married to Alexander, the eldest so…

[German version] [1] Addressee of Pliny Ep. 6,31 Addressee of Pliny Ep. 6,31, cf. [1]. PIR2 C 1301. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. N. Sherwin-White, Comm. ad loc. [German version] [2] Ab epistulis Graecis under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus Ab epistulis Graecis in the imperial chancellery under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Phrynichus dedica…

[German version] (Ἔκλεκτος; Éklektos, also Electus, Eiectus). E. from Egypt, freedman of Verus, later lived in the palace of Marcus Aurelius (SHA Ver. 9,5f.) after whose death he became cubicularius of that emperor's nephew M. Ummidius Quadratus. When the latter was executed in AD 182, Commodus took on E. (Herodian. 1,16,5; Cass. Dio 72,4,6) with whom he appeared in gladiator games (SHA Comm. 15,2; Cass. Dio 72,19,4). In 193, together with the praetorian prefect Aemilius Laetus and Marcia, the concubina of Commodus, he instigated the murder of the Emperor (Hdn. 1,17,6; 2,1…

Plebeian family name, from Durnius (Schulze, 160; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) …

[German version] Son of Gundiok, king of the Burgundians in AD 474-516, Arian. On the side of  Ricimer he, as magister utriusque militiae in 472, killed Anthemius [2] (Chron. min. 1,306 Mommsen), administered the western empire and in 473 elevated Glycerius to the status of Augustus (Chron. min. 1,664). In 474 he ─ in the meantime comes and patricius ─ returned to Gaul and succeeded Ricimer in Vienna. He defeated the Alemanni and around 490 invaded Liguria (Ennod. 80). In 496 he married his son Sigismundus to Areagni, a daughter of Theoderic. In 501 he defeated…

[German version] Administrators of goods and representatives of the king's interests in the Lombardic kingdom, first attested under Authari (AD 584-590). Since the 7th cent. they watched over the dukes (cf. Edictus Rothari 23); in the 8th cent. they could preside over courts of law. They were directly subject to the king in their non-inheritable office. In the Duchies of Spoleto and Benevent they administered the most important towns for the dukes. Meier, Mischa (Biel…

[German version] Son of Gentunis, king of the Vandals in AD 484-496 (Iord. Get. 170; Procop. Vand. 1,8,6f.), fought successfully against the Moors. In 491 his attempt to reconquer Sicily failed (Ennod. Panegyricus 70). He showed tolerance to the Catholics after initially persecuting them. PLRE 2, 525f. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) …

[German version] [1] Student of Epicurus, 342/1-270 BC This item can be found on the following maps: Achaeans, Achaea (Λεόντιον; Leóntion). City in the interior of Achaea on the Peloponnesus, controlled the passage between Olonus (Erymanthus) and the Kalliphoni mountains as well as the west-east road through the Peiros valley between the Achaean coast south of Patra and Kalavrita (ancient Cynaetha). Presumably not identifiable with Agios Andreas near Gurzumitsa (modern L.) [1], but with modern Kastritsi near Agios …

[German version] (Δαγισθαῖος; Dagisthaîos). As a young Roman commander D., who probably was of Gothic origin, unsuccessfully besieged Persian-occupied Petra in the area of the Lazi in AD 548/9 (Procop. Pers. 2,29 especially 33-43). On account of this he was later taken to court under Justinian on the charge of pro-Persian sentiments and arrested by the emperor (Procop. Goth. 4,9,1-4). For the Narses cam…

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[German version] (Gunderic). In AD 406 G. was chosen as king of the Vandal Hasdingians after the death of his father  Godigiselus; he united his troops with the Alani under Respendial (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9), defeated the Franks and by the end of 406 crossed the Rhine. Without facing organized resistance, he plundered Gaul (Oros. 7,40,3; Chron. min. 1,299; 465 Mommsen; Zos. 6,3), crossed the Pyrenees in 409 (Chron. min. 2,17; Soz. 9,12; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,2) and secured for himself the east of th…

[German version] (Gundomarus, Gundomar). Son of  Gundobad, after the death of his brother Sigismundus (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,6) in AD 524 he was elevated to the position of king of the Burgundians (Chron. min. 2,235 Mommsen). He defeated the Franks under Chlodomer at Vienne on 25 June 524, entered …

[German version] (δυναστεία; dynasteía, cf. also δυνάστης; dynástēs, ‘Ruler’). Derived from δύνασθαι; dýnasthai, ‘to be capable’, ‘to be able’; ‘to have influence’, ‘to be wealthy’ [1. 116]. Dynasteia was primarily the rule ( rulership) of a small, influential group, within which high offices were inherited. Two basic levels of meaning are to be distinguished for dynasteia: in the first of them, its character as the term for a group of rulers or an individual ruler expresses more the original sense of the word; in the second the inheritance of …

[German version] A Canninefate, who deserted from Roman service and together with the Chauci laid waste to Lower Germania and the Gallic bank of the Rhine after the death of  Sanquinius Maximus, the governor of Lower Germania, in AD 47. The new governor  Domitius [II 11] Corbulo drove G. away and restored order. When he had G. murdered by a ruse, unrest again broke out among the Chauci, causing Claudius to pull the advance troops back to the west bank of the Rhine (Tac. Ann. 11,18f.). PIR2 G 73. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] (Dintzic, Greek Δεγγιζίχ, Δινζίριχος; Dengizích, Dinzírichos). Son of Attila, king of the Huns; after the latter's death D. assembled an army from the elements of the Hun empire that were still under his control, to fight the Goths. He was, however, defeated at Bassianae (Pannonia) by the Goths (probably after AD 456/57, Iord. Get. 272f.). He later conducted several wars against the Romans but was killed in 469 by the mag. mil. per Thracias Anagestes (Prisc. fr. 36 [FHG 4,107…

[German version] (ἐπαρχία; eparchía). Territorial administrative unit in Hellenistic states. In the Seleucid kingdom, Antiochus [5] III especially supported the setting up of smaller provinces in order to prevent power concentrations in the areas of individual satraps, as for example  Molon (222 BC). Polybius describes their…

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Messapic name in Lat. form (Schulze, 39, 44; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Respected bearers of that name in Apulia (in particular from Arpi and Sala) were still anti-Roman during the Second Punic War. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] Commander of Clastidium against Hannibal D. from Brundisium, in 218 BC commander of the allied occupation forces of  Clastidium with large Roman stores which he betrayed to Hannibal after the victory at the Ticinus for 400 pieces of gold (Pol. 3,69; Liv. 21,48). Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) [German version] [2] Leader of the pro-Carthaginian p…