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Burd̲j̲

(8,617 words)

Author(s): Sourdel-Thomine, J. | Terrasse, H. | Burton-Page, J.
I Military architecture in the Islande Middle East The different forms of tower s which the word burd̲j̲ signifies in its usual sense (especially in inscriptions) have always formed the principal elements in the fortifications which were erected in Islamic territories from the years following the Conquest and which were to remain of real importance until changes gradually arose in military ideas as a result of the development of heavy and field artillery. The importance of the protective ro…

Is̲h̲bīliya

(4,494 words)

Author(s): Bosch-Vilá, J. | Terrasse, H.
, the name used by the Arabo-Muslim authors to denote Se ville, the ancient Romano-Visigothic Hispalis, situated 97 km. from the coast on the Guadalquivir. 1.—History The Muslim geographers locate Is̲h̲bīliya at a distance of 60 miles from the sea, and describe it as a madīna and capital of the kūra which bore the same name or was sometimes known as Ḥimṣ, from the Syrian d̲j̲und estabiished there in 125/742-3. The boundaries of the kūra are fixed fairly precisely by al-ʿUd̲h̲rī, who said that the dependencies ( aḥwāz ) of Is̲h̲bīliya were contiguous 30 miles to the west with the kūra of Niebla…

ʿAlawīs

(3,133 words)

Author(s): Terrasse, H. | Ed.
( ʿalawiyya ), the reigning dynasty in Morocco. Morocco at the advent of the ʿAlawid dynasty. When the ʿAlawid S̲h̲urafāʾ [see s̲h̲arīf ] succeeded in asserting their sovereignty over Morocco, the country was rent by a serious political, social and religious crisis. The great movement of maraboutism and xenophobia for which the growth of Ṣūfism and S̲h̲arīfism and the development of the religious brotherhoods had for long paved the ¶ way, and which had manifested itself as early as the 15th century, the period of incursions by Portuguese and Spanish Christians on…

ʿAlawīs

(2,962 words)

Author(s): Terrasse, H. | Réd.
(ʿAlawiyya), dynastie qui règne actuellement sur le Maroc. Le Maroc à l’avènement de la dynastie ʿalawide. — Lorsque les S̲h̲urafāʾ (S̲h̲orfa [ q.v.]) ʿalawides réussirent à établir leur souveraineté sur le Maroc, ce pays était en proie à une grave crise politique, sociale et religieuse. Le grand mouvement maraboutique et xénophobe, dès longtemps préparé par le développement du ṣūfisme et du s̲h̲arīfisme et l’expansion des confréries, qui avait éclaté, dès le XVe siècle, lors des descentes chrétiennes portugaises et espagnoles sur les côtes marocaines, prenait une …

Is̲h̲bīliya

(4,303 words)

Author(s): Bosch-Vilá, J. | Terrasse, H.
, nom sous lequel les auteurs arabo-musulmans désignent Se ville, l’ancienne Hispalis romano-wisigothique, à 97 km. de la côte, sur le Guadalquivir. I. — Histoire. Les géographes musulmans situent Is̲h̲bīliya à 60 milles de la mer et la décrivent comme étaiit une madīna et la capitale de la kūra qui portait le même nom ou était parfois appelée Ḥims, d’après le d̲j̲und syrien qui y fut établi en 125/742-3. Les limites de la kūra sont fixées avec une certaine précision par al-ʿUd̲h̲rī, qui dit que les dépendances ( aḥwāz) d’Is̲h̲bīliya sont contiguës, à 30 milles à l’Ouest, à la kūra de Niebla,…