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(Latin veterani). [German version] I. Republic The Roman army in the Republican Period was a militia; all citizens with means exceeding the defined level (cf. Census) were obliged to provide combat service in the military; the term of service depended on military requirements, and was not precisely defined. It was the custom for soldiers released from the army after military service to return to their farms, and to be available again for recruitment upon the outbreak of another war (Pol. 6,19-26; Liv.…

(lat. veterani). [English version] I. Republik Das röm. Heeresaufgebot war in der Zeit der Republik ein Milizheer; alle Bürger mit Besitz, der die festgesetzte Vermögensgrenze überschritt (vgl. census ), waren verpflichtet, als Bewaffnete Militärdienst zu leisten, wobei die Dienstzeit sich nach den mil. Erfordernissen richtete und nicht genau geregelt war. Es war üblich, daß die nach dem Militärdienst aus dem Heer entlassenen Soldaten auf ihre Höfe zurückkehrten und nach Ausbruch eines neuen Krieges w…

The modern liturgical movement involved an effort to enrich the experience and appreciation of the liturgy among baptized Christians. Although its foundations were laid in the 18th and 19th centuries, as an organized movement it took shape in the 20th century in various Western countries and passed through phases with varying purposes and tactics. Liturgical scholars generally consider that it ended in the late 1960s, following the Second Vatican Council. It was a movement in the sense that it g…

1 Overview Alongside the increasing visibility of trans communities, discriminatory and exclusionary belief systems have caused a rise in phobia-related violence and hate targeting trans people (Boe et …