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[German Version] I. Religious Studies and History Since the mid-19th century, the psychology of religion has developed into an independent academic discipline, with its roots partly in psychology and partly in religious studies (R. Otto). Its goal is to identify the function of religion and also to make it therapeutically useful (Psychology: IV). A crucial role was played by fascination with the then-novel methodology of the natural sciences (“scientism”) and its application to other areas such as his…

[German Version] I. What Is Psychology? The psyche (Soul: IV) as the object of psychology is accessible only through a theory that attempts to obtain a cognitive grasp of the inner life and experience of human beings (thinking, imagining, wishing, feeling). As “citizens of two worlds” (I. Kant), human beings confront the psychophysical problem existentially and cognitively: how can they conceive of themselves – being both rational animals and cognitive subjects – as unitary persons? To be considered …