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Proculus
(644 words)
Roman praenomen (
P. Iulius, a contemporary of Romulus [1]), and secondarily a cognomen. Depending on the form, a diminutive (older *
prokelo-) of the stem *
proko- (~ classical
procus 'wooer, suitor'), it originally perhaps meant 'the one who demands or claims (the inheritance?)'.
Proca (King of Alba Longa) can also be regarded as etymologically connected. The
praenomen, which had already become rare at an early time, survived in derivatives, the gentilician names
Procilius and
Proculeius. Ste…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Marinus
(2,215 words)
[German version] I. Greek (Μαρῖνος;
Marînos). [German version] [I 1] M. of Tyre Greek geographer, 2nd cent. AD Greek geographer, known only through his immediate successor Claudius Ptolemaeus, who mentions M. as a source in his ‘Introduction to the Representation of the Earth (γεωγραφικὴ ὑφήγησις/
geōgraphikḗ hyphḗgēsis, = ‘G.). Arabic texts which mention M. all trace back to the ‘G. [8. 189]. Place names used by M. allow his work to be dated to between AD 107 and 114/5; cities are mentioned with the name of Trajan refering to his Dacian Wars (ended AD 107…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Michael
(1,757 words)
(Μιχαήλ/
Michaḗl; Mîkāēl). [German version] [1] Archangel Archangel, [1] One of the most prominent angels (cf. the description
archistratēgós, ‘supreme commander’ of the heavenly host, Joseph of Aseneth 14,8, cf. Slavonic Hen 22,5; 33,10), one of the seven (Ethiopic Hen 20,5) or four (Ethiopic Hen 9,1; 10,11) archangels (cf. [1]). The name means ‘who is like God’ or ‘who is victorious like God’. M., who was first mentioned in the ‘Book of Watchers (Ethiopic Hen 1-36, end of the 4th/beginning of the 2nd cent. BC)…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Sergius
(1,659 words)
Name of an old patrician family. The
tribus Sergia was named after it. The family is attested to have attained consulship in the 5th cent. BC (S. [I 5]) but did not achieve lasting importance in the historical period. The attempt of its best-known member, L.S. Catilina, to attain the consulship once more failed with the Catilinarian Conspiracy. I. Republican Period …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Theophilus
(1,625 words)
(Θεόφιλος;
Theóphilos). [German version] [1] Comic poet, 4th cent. BC Comic poet of the 4th cent. BC; victor at the Dionysia…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Leontius
(1,073 words)
(Λεόντιος;
Leóntios). [German version] [1] Ptolemaic commander of Seleucid Pieria, late 3rd cent. BC Ptolemaic commander of Seleucea Pieria; in 219 BC, he surrendered the city to Antiochus [5] III after initial resistance in a hopeless position. Ameling, Wa…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Marcellus
(1,746 words)
[German version] I. Greek (Μαρκέλλος;
Markéllos). [German version] [I 1] From Pergamum, orator, 2nd cent. AD, [1] Rhetor from Pergamum known solely from a brief reference in the Suda; he is said to have written a book (or several books) entitled Ἀδριανὸς ἢ περὶ βασιλείας/
Adrianòs ḕ perì basileías (‘Hadrian, or On Monarchy’). He would thus have lived in the first half of the 2nd cent.; whether Dio's [I 3] speeches
perì basileías, addressed to Trajan, served as a model is uncertain. Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald) …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Zeno
(6,572 words)
(Ζήνων/
Zḗnōn.) [German version] [1] Z. of Elea Eleatic philosopher, 5th cent. BC (Son of Teleutagoras). Eleatic philosopher of the 5th cent. BC; a pupil and intimate friend of Parmenides who became famous for his paradoxes. According to the Suda (29 A 2 DK), Z. wrote many books; but his Λόγοι (
Lógoi, 'Arguments', 40 according to Proclus, 29 A 15 DK) probably belonged to a single book, the one he read aloud to his closest circles in Athens (cf. Pl. Prm. 127c-d). In the lost dialogue
Sophistes, Aristotle (Aristoteles [6]) declares Z. to have been the 'inventor' (
protos heuretes …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Iohannes
(7,268 words)
(Ἰωάννης;
Iōánnēs). Well-known persons
i.a.: I. [1] the Evangelist, I. [4] Chrysostomos, bishop of Constantinople and Homilet, I. [18] Malalas, author of the world chronicle, I. [25] of Gaza, rhetor and poet, I. [33] of Damascus, the theologian, I. [39] Baptistes. [1] I. the Evangelist [German version] A. Tradition and criticism According to the inscriptions, the author of a Gospel (Jo), of three letters and the Apocalypse in the NT is called I. (= J.; the name appears only in Apc. 1:1; 1:4; 1:9; 22:8). Since the end of the 2nd cent. (Iren. adversus haereses 3,1,1; Polycrates of Ephesus according to Euseb. Hist. eccl. 3,31,3; Clem. Al. according to Euseb. Hist. eccl. 6,14,7; Canon Muratori 9 Lietzmann), he has been widely identified with the ‘disciple of the Lord’, the son of Zebedee and brother of James who ranked sec…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Diogenes
(4,653 words)
(Διογένης;
Diogénēs). Known personalities: the Cynic D. [14] of Sinope, the philosophical historian D. [17] Laertius. I. Politically active personalities [German version] [1] Macedonian troop commander in Attica since 233 BC Athenian (?) [1. 341,1], Macedonian troop commander in Attica since 233 BC, who is supposed to have demanded Corinth from the Achaeans (Plut. Arat. 34,1-4) [2. 168,63] at the rumour of the death of Aratus [2]; after the death of Demetrius [3] II in 229, he facilitated the liberation of Athens from Maced…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Alexander
(7,586 words)
(Ἀλέξαδρος;
Aléxandros). Famous personalities: Alexander the Great [4] (III.); the Philosopher Alexander [26] of Aphrodisias. I. Myth [German version] [1] see Paris see Paris. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) II. Associated Hellenistic ruling families [German version] [2] A. I. Macedonian king, 1st half of the 5th cent. BC Son of Amyntas [1] and his negotiator with Darius. As Macedonian king he supported Xerxes' invasion of Greece, but pretended to be a friend of the Greeks (later called ‘Philhellen’). Herodotus has subtly shown his ambigu…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly