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(Latin 'hill', 'funerary mound', pl. tumuli; Greek τύμβος/ týmbos, σῆμα/ sêma; χῶμα/ chôma). I. Definition, distribution, function [German version] A. Definition Tumulusis a general term for a mound, as a rule artificial and usually round or oval in plan, associated with a burial ('burial mounds', as opposed, e.g., to prehistoric settlement mounds). Tumulus burial (‘mound burial’) describes all burials that have been covered by a mound. Tumulus is also used in archaeology as a technical term for burial mounds outsid…

(Πλείσταρχος/ Pleístarchos). [German version] [1] King of Sparta (5th cent. BC) King of Sparta, of the house of the Agiads; still not of age at the death of his father Leonidas [1], fallen at Thermopylae in 480 BC; P.' cousin Pausanias [1], who commanded the Greek forces at Plataeae in 479 BC, thus became regent (Hdt. 9,10,2; Thuc. 1,132,1; Paus. 3,4,9; Plut. Mor. 231c). Once of age, P. exercised the role of king for only a few years until his death in 458 BC (Paus. 3,5,1), making no political or military impression. Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) [German version] [2] Member of the Macedon…

(Πλείσταρχος). [English version] [1] Spartanischer König (5. Jh. v. Chr.) Spartanischer König aus dem Hause der Agiadai, war beim Tod seines Vaters Leonidas [1], der 480 v.Chr. an den Thermopylen fiel, noch unmündig, so daß sein Vetter Pausanias [1], 479 v.Chr. Befehlshaber der griech. Streitmacht bei Plataiai, die Vormundschaft übernahm (Hdt. 9,10,2; Thuk. 1,132,1; Paus. 3,4,9; Plut. mor. 231c). Nachdem P. volljährig geworden war, übte er nur einige Jahre bis zu seinem Tod 458 v.Chr. die Funktion eines Königs aus (Paus. 3,5,1), ohne sich polit. oder mil. zu profilieren. Welwei, K…