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, the name of two places in Persia. I. Tihrān, a city of northern Persia. 1. Geographical position. 2. History to 1926. 3. The growth of Tihrān. (a). To ca 1870. (b). Urbanisation, monuments, cultural and socioeconomic life until the time of the Pahlavīs. (c). Since the advent of the Pahlavīs. II. Tihrān, the former name of a village or small town in the modern province of Iṣfahān. I. Tihrān, older form (in use until the earlier 20th century) Ṭihrān (Yāḳūt, Buldān , ed. Beirut, iv, 51, gives both forms, with Ṭihrān as the head word; al-Samʿānī, Ansāb , ed. Ḥaydarābād, i…

2. History and development since 1914. In the course of the 20th century, Mas̲h̲had has become a regional metropolis (2,155,700 inhabitants in 2004), the capital of the vast province of Ḵh̲urāsān, and well integrated into the economic and public life of Iran. At the same time, it has kept its character as a goal of pilgrimage, dominated by the strength of the economic and political authority of the Āstānayi ḳuds-i riḍawī, the administration of the Shrine waḳf , probably the most important in the Muslim world. In 1914, despite its religious importance, Mas̲h̲had was a marginal tow…