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Ḳāʾim-Maḳām
(714 words)
In the Ottoman Empire the title of
Ḳāʾim-maḳām was borne by a number of different officials, the most important of whom was the
ṣadāret ḳāʾim-maḳāmi̊ or
ḳāʾim-maḳām pas̲h̲a who stayed in the capital as deputy when the grand vizier had to leave for a military campaign. The appointment of a
ḳāʾim-maḳām seems to have begun in the 10th/16th or even in the 9th/15th century and it lasted until the end of the Empire. The
ḳāʾim-maḳām enjoyed almost all the authority of the grand vizier, issuing firmans and nominating functionaries, but he was not allowed to intervene in the a…
Ḏj̲arīda
(16,453 words)
, literally “leaf”, which has become the usual term in modern Arabic for a newspaper, its adoption being attributed to Fāris al-S̲h̲idyāḳ [
q.v.]. Its synonym
ṣaḥīfa is less used in the sing., but the plural
ṣuḥuf is more common than
d̲j̲arāʾid . Some interest in the European press was shown by the Ottomans as early as the 18th century and, it would seem, excerpts from European newspapers were translated for the information of the
dīwān (Prussian despatch from Constantinople, of 1780, cited by J. W. Zinkeisen,
Geschichte
des osmanischen
Reiches , vi, Gotha 1859, …