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[German version] Cubicularius of Commodus, so a slave. When Commodus returned to Rome as in triumph in AD 180, S. stood behind the emperor on the chariot. According to HA Comm. 3,6, he was his lover. For his home town Nicomedia, S. obtained the Senate's permission to build a temple for Commodus and to establish an agon (Cass. Dio 72,12,2). He is supposed to have been hated by the people of Rome because of his influence; that is why he was killed by frumentarii of the praetorian praefects (HA Comm. 4,5). The evidence on his person, however, is probably considerably distorted. Eck, Werner (Cologn…

[German version] C. S. Clarus, equestrian. Plinius [2] the Younger dedicated the first book of his letters (Plin. Ep. 1,1) and Suetonius his book De vita Caesarum (cf. Lydus, Mag. 2,6) to him. C. AD 120-122 praef. praet. of Hadrian beside Marcius [II 14] Turbo. According to an account in Historia Augusta (SHA Hadr. 11,3), he and Suetonius overstepped the boundaries of court etiquette with respect to the emperor's wife Sabina. Dismissed, therefore, from his post, presumably while he and Hadrian were staying in Britain. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Syme, RP 3, 1283-1285.

[German version] Cognomen ex virtute given to the victorious general deriving from the Goths; the Roman emperors from Claudius II (AD 268-270) onwards bore it ─ last used by Justinian and Mauricius (without maximus). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography P. Kneißl, Die Siegestitulatur der röm. Kaiser, 1969, passim; 247.

[German version] [1] C. Fabia Betrothed to Marcus Aurelius, 2nd cent. AD Daughter of Ceionius [3], sister of L. Verus, betrothed to  Marcus Aurelius. The betrothal was dissolved (SHA Aur. 4,5; 6,2) after the death of Hadrian. She was married to Plautius Quintillus, cos. ord. 159. After the death of Faustina she tried in vain to marry Marcus Aurelius (SHA Aur. 29,10; PIR2 C 612; [1; 2. 246]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Plautia Wife of Q. Servilius Prudens, 2nd cent. AD Sister of C. [1]; wife of Q. Servilius Pudens, cos. ord. 166 (PIR2 C 614). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography…

[German version] Sex. T. M. Young Roman equestrian, whom Messalina [2] made her lover for one night. After her death (AD 48), he was executed (Tac. Ann. 11,36,3; Sen. Apocol. 13,4). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Presidential procurator of Mauretania Tingitana under Marcus Aurelius and Verus, no later than the middle of 168; he took part in the conferring of civil rights of citizenship which is described in the tabula Banasitana (AE 1971, 534 = ILMar. 2, 94). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] L. M. Sabinus Cos. suff. around AD 225 Senator. In AD 214 known as m agister tertium of the sodales Augustales Claudiales (CIL XIV 2391). He must therefore already have been a senior member of the sodality. After a suffect consulship he became legate of Moesia inferior, where he is attested from 227 to 229 (AE 1972, 526 = [1. 13]). PIR2 M 172. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 V. Božiloa, J. Kolendo, L. Mrozewicz, Inscriptions latines de Novae, 1992. [German version] [2] L. M. Sabinus Praefect under Commodus, AD 194 Equestrian. Father of M. [1] and M. [3]. Praetor…

[German version] [1] C. V. Hosidius Geta Son of V. [2], born before AD 95; recorded from AD 118 among the fratres Arvales. Praefectus urbi feriarum Latinarum causa, 'quaestor Traiani' (CIL VI 370079 = 41116). Praetor before 120 [1. 35, n. 22]; suffect consul under Hadrian (before 139 since he is mentioned in ILS 7190) [2. 53, 379-384]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian, 1970 2 Scheid, Collège. [German version] [2] M. V. Marcellus Senator, from Teate Marrucinorum, born shortly after AD 60. One of his fellow pupils was a C. …

[German version] A rich freedman of Nero who enjoyed the latter's confidence. In AD 66, P. organised the gladiatorial games in Puteoli in honour of the Armenian king Tiridates [5]. Their lavishness surpassed everything that the people were used to. Galba [2] had him executed. PIR2 P 161. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] L. (?) T. Campester. Roman senator; suffect consul under Antoninus [1] Pius in the September/October of  AD 142 together with Q. Cornelius [II 54] Senecio Annianus (see also RMD 106, fr. 37 of the Fasti Ostienses = FO2, fr. S and a new fragment of a diploma in [1]). He is without doubt identical to L. Tusidius Campester (CIL XI 5632 = ILS 2735), the son of the procurator M. Maenius [II 1] Agrippa, whose career was in the time of Hadrian. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, P. Weiß, T. C., in: ZPE 134, 2001, 251-260.

[German version] [II 0] C. Celsus Presiding procurator in Raetia until AD 139 when he was replaced by Sempronius Liberalis [1]; his name should probably also be added to RMD II 94 = AE 1984,706. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 K. Dietz, Ein neues Militärdiplom aus Alteglofsheim, Lkr. Regensburg, in: Beiträge zur Arch. in der Oberpfalz 3, 1999, 225-256.

[German version] C. T. Maximus. Eques. Tribune of the equites singulares in Rome, attested 142-145 AD. Recorded from 156 until 158 as praefectus [16] vigilum; in 158 he became praefectus praetorio succeeding Gavius [II 6] Maximus until his death in 160. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography R. Sablayrolles, Libertinus miles, 1996, 487 f.

[German version] Wife of the Lingonian Iulius Sabinus, whom, following his participation in the Gallic uprising against Rome in AD 69/70, she kept hidden in a cave for nine years, during which time she bore him two sons. Following their discovery, Vespasian had her and Sabinus executed in AD 79. PIR2 E 81. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] L. Mussius Aemilianus, rival emperor AD 261/2. He was of equestrian rank and his career is known partly from CIL XIV 170 = ILS 1433. After the quattuor militiae he became praefectus vehiculorum in the three Gallic provinces, procurator in Alexandria [1] and procurator of the two ports in Ostia (document…

[German version] [1] (P.?) R. Crispinus Praetorian prefect, AD 47-51 Roman equestrian, of whose activities prior to AD 47 nothing is known. At that date, emperor Claud…

[German version] At the beginning of the 3rd cent. AD there is evidence for the senator C. Octavius Appius  Suetrius Sabinus as …

[German version] T. Clodius E. Marcellus. Descendant of a socially unimportant family from Capua (where the province of Cyprus later had a monument erected in his honour, ILS 992); homo novus. He probably entered the Senate under Claudius, and became praetor in AD 48. After commanding a legion, he was posted to Lycia as praetorian governor ( c. 53-56); he was charged with extortion by the province, but acquitted. Under Nero, he became proconsul of Cyprus (SEG 18, 587 [1]), and cos. suff. in 62 [2]. He excelled as an orator, and under Nero publicly accused several senators, a…

(also Pollienus). [German version] [1] Tib. P. Armenius Peregrinus Consul ord. AD 244 Cos. ord. in AD 244. He may have been both praetorian proconsul of Lycia-Pamphylia as well as proconsul of Asia after the consulate. The genealogical relationships are not completely clear; probably the adopted son of P. [2]. PIR2…

[German version] Senatorial consular governor of the province of Syri…

[German version] Daughter of Vespasius Pollio from Nursia. Married to Flavius [II 39] Sabinus, the father of her three children, including T. Flavius [II 40] Sabinus and the later emperor Vespasian (Vespasianus, with stemma). Since her brother had been a senator, she also moved her sons to this career (Suet. Vesp. 1,3; 2,2). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] B. Galla, wife of procurator Q. Licinius Silvanus Granianus, flaminica in Hispania Tarraconensis (AE 1929, 232 = RIT 321); mother of a consular by the same name who served in the year 106 (see PIR2 L 247). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

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[German version] A freed slave of Octavianus; after the Battle of Actium, sent on secret orders to Cleopatra [II 12], but sent back again by M. Antonius [I 9] (Cass. Dio 51,8,6; 51,9,5 f.). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] L.B. Optatus Ligarianus, senator. A long career led him via the prefecture of the aerarium Saturni to the suffect consulate (probably AD 135, AE 1983, 517). Finally he was legate of Cappadocia from c. 137-140 [1. 182ff.] and Syria, where he died (CIL X 6006 = ILS 1066; cf. AE 1983, 157 = [2. 121]).…

[German version] [1] Licinius M., C. see Licinius [I 30] Eck, Werner (Cologne) …

[German version] [1] Roman eques, late 1st cent. BC. - early 1st cent. AD Wealthy Roman equestrian who, upon his death in AD 7, made Tiberius his partial heir instead of M. Servilius, cos. AD 3 (Tac. Ann. 2,48,1). PIR2 P 95. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Pantuleius Graptiacus Governor of Thrace, AD 172 He may have stemmed from Fundi, if…

[German version] [1] C. Gallus Confidant of Agrippina the Younger, killed under Nero Agrippina [3] the Younger's confidant, killed in AD 59 in the shipwreck organized by Nero in the Gulf of Baiae (Tac. Ann. 14,5,1). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] L.C.Proculus Cos. suff. and procos. of unknown dating…

[German version] Son of Emperor Claudius and Valeria Messalina, born 12 February 41, 20 days after Claudius' assumption of office. His name was first Ti. Claudius Caesar Germanicus, changed to Ti. Claudius Caesar Britannicus after his father's triumph in Britain in 43 (Suet. Claud. 27,1). He was brought up, together with Titus, the later emperor, by the freedman Sosibius (Suet. Tit. 2). He took part in the Game of Troy at the Secular Games of 47. C. Silius, his mother's lover, is said to have want…

[German version] Augustus established three cohorts on military lines for the purpose of 'policing' Rome (Police). They bore the numbers X-XII, which demonstrates their …

[German version] [1] C.H. Priscus Praetor in 70 AD Came from Cluviae. His father had been   primipilus . Entry to the Senate before AD 49. Quaestor Achaiae at the latest in 49/50; his companion was P.  Celerius of Histonium (IEph 7, 1, 3043/4 = [1. 67ff.]). Legionary legate in Syria as quaestorian in 51. During this period he married Fannia, the daughter of  Clodius [II 15] Thrasea Paetus. People's tribune in 56; then no other office under Nero, a consequence of the link with his father-in-law and the Stoic-influenced circles in Rome. When Thrasea Paetus had to kill himself …

[German version] [1] L. R. Quintianus Consul ord. in AD 289 Cos. ord. in AD 289, presumably only for the first two months of the year [1. 275 ff.]. He was a descendant of L. Ragonius Venustus, cos. ord. in 240 and of R. [2] and R. [3]. PIR2 R 15. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography …

[German version] T. Mercello Persinus Marius. An equestrian from Cordoba, where he held municipal offices; p rocurator Augusti, probably in the first decades of the 1st cent. AD, possibly in Hispania Baetica (CIL II2 7, 311; II2 5, 1296). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] T. Sabinius Barbarus. Praetorian legate (of the legio III Augusta?) in Africa in AD 116/7 [1. 361 f.], cos. suff. in 118. Not to be identified with a Barbarus who is called ὑπατικός/ hypatikós (Latin consul) in IGR IV 494; cf. Syme, RP 3, 1303; PIR2 B 46. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139, in: Chiron 12, 1982, 281-362.

Frequently used cognomen, since the later Republic nearly always without reference to its meaning ‘stemming from Africa’. Used thus, e.g., by the poet P.  Terentius Afer [1]. [German version] [1] Cognomen used by the poet Martial Cognomen used by the poet Martial. Various persons are meant: 4,37; 78; 6,77; 9,7; 25; 10,84; 12,42. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Cousin of Caracalla A., cousin of Caracalla, who had him killed in 212 (SHA Carac. 3,6 f.; probably identical to L. Septimius Aper, cos. ord. 207 [2]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 205 2 A. Birley, Septimius Severus, 21988, 214.

[German version] Daughter of Didius [II 6] and wife to Cornelius [II 47] Repentinus. Coins bearing her name and the title Augusta were minted in April and May of AD 193. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 312.

[German version] C.D. Staberianus. Cos. suff. together with L. Venuleius Montanus in an unknown year (AE 1958, 262; [1. 111]; for possible identifications see [2. 338ff.]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, RE Suppl. 14 2 Scheid, Collège.

[German version] Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus (in literary sources usually called L. Verus; his vita in the HA is less reliable). Roman emperor AD 161-169. Born on 15 December 130 as L. Ceionius Commodus, son of L. Ceionius [3] Commodus, who was adopted by Hadrianus in 136 but died on 1 January 138, and Avidia [1] Plautia (cf. stemma under Adoptive emperors). After the death of his father he and the later Marcus [2] Aurelius were adopted at Hadrian's command by Antoninus [1] Pius. His name after adoption was L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus. V. was engaged to Pius's daughter Faustina [3], but after …

[German version] [II 2a] A. C. Crispinus Suffect consul in AD 159 (CIL VI 32321 = [1]). The family probably came from Aspendus in Pamphylia; his sons could be A. Curtius Crispinus Arruntianus and A. Curtius Auspicatus Titinnianus (IGR III 803; CIL XIV 2695; 3030 = ILS 7788). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 P. Weiss, Ein Konsulnpaar vom 21. Juni 159 n. Chr., in: Chiron 29, 1999, 160-167. [German version] [II 9a] Cn.C. Severus praefectus alae [1]; also named in Tac. Ann. 12,…

…

[German version] Torquatus N. Atticus. From Milan (Mediolan(i)um [1]). In the course of his career, N. served, probably under Tiberius inter alia, as tribune in Germania with the legio I, was tribunus vexillariorum legionum quattuor primae, quintae, vicesimae, vicesimae primae; and was finally posted to the province of Gallia Narbonensis as legatus ad census accipiendos et dilectum et proconsul, still under Tiberius. N. died there at the age of 44. According to Pliny (HN 14,144), he was one of Tiberius' drinking companions (CIL XIV 3602 = ILS 950). PIR2 N 175. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibli…

[German version] [1] P. V. Suffect consul in c. AD 54; pro-consul of Asia probably in 62/3 [1. 438-441]. Probably a brother of V. [2]. Bibliography 1 Vogel-Weidemann. [German version] [2] C. V. Severus Probably a brother of V. [1]. Suffect consul together with Cn. Hosidius [4] Geta in November/December AD 47 [1. 247]. Cf. CIL VI 8,3, p. 4784 ad 31767. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Camodeca, Tabulae Pompeianae Sulpiciorum, 1999.

[German version] She was probably the daughter of Munatius [II 1], thus granddaughter of Munatius [I 4] and sister to Munatius [II 6]. This lineage gave her great self-confidence (Tac. Ann. 2,43,3). Probably the second wife of Cn. Calpurnius [II 16] Piso, whom she bore two sons, Cn. Calpurnius [II 20] Piso and M. Calpurnius [II 23] Piso. She was a member of the inner circle of friends of Livia [2], the mother of Tiberius. In AD 18, she accompanied her husband to Syria, where she played an important part with him in the conflict with Germanicus [2] and his wife Agrippina [2]. According to Tacitus (Ann. 2,43,4; 2,82,1), she was said to have received secret assignments from Livia to act against Agrippina and Germanicus, a scarcely credible claim. When, following the death of Germanicus, her husband attempted to return to Syria by force of arms, MP supported him. On their return to Rome in the autumn of AD 20, MP and her husband were both accused in the Senate; however, she, despite being convicted of ‘the gravest cri…

[German version] [1] A. Cassius, C. Deputy commander to L. Verus in the Parthian War Came from Cyrrhus in Syria, son of A. [2] (SHA Marc. 25,12). Admitted into the Senate under Antoninus Pius; deputy commander to L. Verus in the Parthian War, in command of the legio III Gallica and auxiliary troops (Lucian. 31); conquered Seleucia and Ctesiphon (Cass. Dio 71,2,2ff.; 3,1); his contribution to the Parthian War was even recognized in Rome (Fronto Ad Am. 1,6) [1; 2. 141ff.]. Probably suffect c…

[German version] Equestrian from Nursia. Three times he was a tribunus [4] militum in a legion, including the Legio I, then a praefectus [5] castrorum, no earlier than the time of Augustus (Suet. Vesp. 1,3; cf. [1. 155-160]). His daughter was Vespasia Polla; one of his sons reached the rank of senator (cf. Vespasianus, with stemma). Eck, W…

[German version] M. S. Severianus Iulius Rufinus Acer Metilius Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor. A senator from the city of Limonum in Aquitania (AE 1981, 640), he was probably admitted to senatorial status from equestrian status. After quaestorship, people's tribuneship and praetorship he achieved command of a legion, the cura viae Flaminiae and praetorian governorship in Dacia (AD 150/1-153) and in 153 consulship. He was dispatched as consular legate to Cappadocia  by Antoninus [1] Pius. There he and his army were defeated by th…

[German version] Owner of brickworks near Rome in the time of Trajan (98-117), products of which survive in great numbers (CIL XV 52-60; 63-68; 339 etc.). She may have been a member of a senatorial family (cf. Plotius [II 3 and 4]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, Nr. 620  PIR2 P 524.

[German version] Rhetoric instructor of  Commodus (SHA Comm. 1,6; Ateius or Attius, according to AE 1961, 280 to emend). Equestrian procurator, among other things ab epistulis Graecis, a rationibus; praef. Aegypti 179/180 [1]. Acceptance into the Senate, cos. suff. around 184, praef. alimentorum; his grave inscription erected by M. Aurelius Cleander (AE 1961, 280). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliogr…

[German version] [1] O. Sabinus Accuser of Marcius [II 2] Barea Soranus Roman eques who accused Marcius [II 2] Barea Soranus in 66 and was awarded 1,2 million sesterces and the Ornamenta Quaestoria. PIR2 O 161. Eck, Werner (Cologne)…

[German version] [1] T.C.Mancia Cos. suff. 55 AD Suffect consul in AD 55 [1. 267]; governor and commander of the Upper Germanic army from 56 until at least 58 [2. 25f.]. We are uncertain whether he became proconsul of Africa (PIR2 C 1605; [3. 214ff.]). Re the bequeathing of his fortune, see Domitia [II 7]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography G. Camodeca, L'archivio Puteolano dei Sulpicii I, 1992 2 Eck, Statthalter 25f. 3 Vogel-Weidemann. …

[German version] [1] Epithet, conferred for a victory over Germanics Epithet, first con…

[German version] [1] T.M. Senator in the Augustan period Senator in the Augustan period IVvir viarum curandum, quaestor, tribunus plebis, praetor, possibly proconsul. Father of M. [2] (CIL VI 1467 = 41053). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] T.M.Pollianus Consul AD 40 or 43/4 Son of M. [1], from the tribus Arnensis. Decemvir stlitibus iudicandis, quaestor, tribunus plebis, praetor, curator viarum, praefectus frumenti dandi, proconsul provinciae Galliae Narbonensis, consul either in AD 40 or AD 43/4 [1.263]. In AD 48, he may have been accepted as…

[German version] L. T. Rufus. Possibly from Liburnia ([1. 105-135], but cf. [2. 563]), of lowly origins (Plin. HN 18,37). He was involved in leading sea operations at Actium (Cass. Dio 50,14,1), probably already a senator at the time. He acquired a large estate in Picenum (Plin. HN loc.cit.), possibly proconsul of Cyprus: IGR 3, 952. He took part, in c. 16 BC, in campaigns in Macedonia (Cass. Dio 54,20,3), possibly as ( legatus) pro pr( aetore) (AE 1936, 18), but possibly only as promagistrate pro pr( aetore). In 16 BC cos. suff. According to Frontin. Aq. 102,3 f., in AD 23 a…

[German version] T. M. Severus. Consul suffectus in December 202 AD. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography B. Pferdehirt, Vier neue Militärdiplome im Besitz des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, in: Arch. Korrespondenzblatt 31, 2001, 61-280, bes. 266 ff.

[German version] This term designates the Roman emperors of the 2nd cent. The limits of its application are not strictly defined. Normally it covers only the time from  Antoninus [1] Pius to  Commodus (180-192), as all these emperors bore the name Antoninus, as in [1] below. In the same context both  Caracalla and  Elagabalus should be included, since both bore the name; albeit stemming from a belated and fictive adoption. Others use it to cover the time from  Nerva to Commodus, as in [2], from  Hadrianus to Com…

[German version] Praetorian tribune, who instigated the killing of consul Iulius Vestinus in AD 65 under Nero's orders (Tac. Ann. 15,69). His brother is possibly L.G. Fronto (CIL III 14387 g.h = IGLS VI 2786/7). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography B. Dobson, Die Primipilares, 1978, 201f.

[German version] Friend of Martial who came from Emerita in the province of Lusitania, but acted as a lawyer ( causidicus) in Rome (Mart. 1,61,10; 2,5). He was a friend of literature to whom Martial dedicated his second book of epigrams. Follower of Stoic philosophy. In Martial, he only appears in book 1 and 2. PIR2 D 20. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] A. S. Clodianus. Senator, who is probably identical to the Asellius Claudianus mentioned in the Historia Augusta (HA Sept. Sev. 13,1). Suffect consul before 193 AD, the year in which he is recorded as curator operum publicorum (AE 1974, 11; [1. 236]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Kolb, Bauverwaltung.

[German version] L.M. Pollio. Senator. During his tenure as consul designatus in AD 49, and at the urging of Agrippina [3], he proposed to the Senate that Claudius [III 1] should marry his daughter to the son of Agrippina [3], the future emperor Nero (Tac. Ann. 12,9). He is attested as consul in May of the same year. PIR2 M 126. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] L. M. Macer Proconsul of Achaia, after AD 44 Senator, probably from Arretium. M.'s career began under Tiberius; between AD 41 and 44 he was governor of Moesia under the command of Memmius [II 4] Regulus. Finally he became proconsul of Achaia by direct appointment. PIR2 M 343. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography M. Torelli, in: EOS 2, 289. [German version] [2] L. M. Macer Praetor M.'s career included three offices of the vigintiviri and culminated in the praetorship. Since he was also Salius Palatinus ( Salii ), he must have been a patrician; but it is uncertain whether he was the first in his family to be a patrician (CIL XI 1837). It is not clear whether he or M. [1] is identical with Marcius Macer who fought on Otho's side in the battle of Bedriacum. PIR…

[German version] Equestrian official, who, as Praeses provinciae Numidiae, dedicated a gate building, designed with a groma, in Lambaesis (see city plan no. 10c) in AD 268 still under Gallienus (CIL VIII 2571 = 18057 = AE 1974,723;  cf. [1]). Under Claudius [III 2] Gothicus he continued in office there (AE 1936,58; ILAlg II 1,24). He is probably identical to the Probus who, as Praefectus Aegypti…

[German version] Daughter of the imperial freedman C. Iulius [II 36] Callistus and a seamstress; mother of C. Nymphidius [2] Sabinus. PIR2 N 251. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] C. P. Sabinus Homo novus, cos. ord. AD 9 His family is presumably from Interamna Praetuttiorum, not Pompeii. Homo novus; his brother was P. [2]; father of  Poppaea [1] Sabina and father-in-law of T. Ollius. Promoted by Augustus and above all Tiberius. In 9 AD, extraordinarily for a homo novus, he became cos. ord. Shortly thereafter, probably in 11 AD, he was sent to Moesia; he was presumably the first to organize it as an independent province. In 15, he was also placed over Achaea and Macedonia, and so held overarching command …

[German version] [1] Official under Domitian, originally from Egypt Originally from Egypt, perhaps formerly a slave. In Iuvenal 4,108 he is mentioned as a participant in Domitian's consilium on the Albanum (cf. [1. 532, n. 76]: perhaps praef. annonae; [2. 69f.]: courtier). Since Martial 7,99 is addressed to him, he was in any case an influential man at Domitian's court (PIR…

[German version] L. S. Proculus, senator, perhaps of equestrian origin. On his career: AE 1969/70, 601 and IEph VII 1, 3037. After serving as praetor, he became the legate of the procos. of Asia on the insulae Cyclades, probably upon the special request of Marcus…

[German version] Wife of the consul Vestricius Spurinna, to whom Plin. Ep. 3,10 is addressed. Possibly from the Transpadana [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 7, 488, 542f.

[German version] Ti. O. Severus. Senator whose name used to be read as T. Iul(ius) Clatius Severus (PIR2 I 268). The correct name has now become known through a military award ce…

[German version] L.(?) S. Secundus. senator; …

[German version] [1] Conspirator against Commodus At first a soldier, then ringleader of a group of rebels, with whom he exercised considerable influence through raids in Gaul and Hispania. If the bellum desertorum…

[German version] [1] M. Achaica Wife of Sulpicius Galba (cos. in 5 BC) Granddaughter of  Q. Lutatius [4] Catulus, cos. in 78 BC, and proneptis (‘great-niece’) of L. Mummius [I 3] Achaicus, the conqueror of Corinth (Suet. Galba 3,5). M. was married to Sulpicius Galba, cos. in 5 BC; her son was later the emperor Galba [2]. PIR2 M 712. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M. Laevilla Senator's wife of the M…

The cognomen O. can be found in several senatorial families of the Imperial period (cf. PIR2, vol. 5, 461-463). [German version] [1] Third husband of Vistilia Third husband of Vistilia; the marriage produced a son (Plin. HN 7,39). Probably the grandfather of P. Cornelius [II 50] Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus. PIR2 O 139. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Syme, RP, vol. 2, 812. [German version] [2] Lover of Faustina [3] According to the Historia Augusta (SHA Aur. 29,1), O. was a lover of Faustina [3]; Marcus [2] Aurelius is said to have promoted him nonetheless. It is not possible to identify him with one of the numerous senatorial Orfiti of this period; cfl. PIR2 O 142. Eck, Werner (Cologne)…

[German version] [1] M.O. Senator, 1st cent. AD Senator who, along with other senators, accused Titius Sabinus in the Senate of being a friend of Germanicus [2]. He was later called to account for this. PIR2 O 126. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M.O.Navius Fannianus Senator from Neapolis Senator from Neapolis; it is uncertain whether he was a descendant of O. [1]. According to IG XIV 719 (= IGR I 431 = [1. 20ff. no. 6], he possibly lived as late as the 2nd/3rd cent. AD. PIR2 O 127. …

[German version] [1] Freedman of Nero's Freedman of Nero's, who in AD 69 held a banquet for the citizens in Carthago on the occasion of Otho's installation as emperor (Tac. Hist. 1,76,3; PIR2 C 1576). …

[German version] Senator; quaestor in the province of Asia in AD 209 at the earliest (AE 1998, 1361 f.); positively identical to the consular governor of Germania superior in 229 AD. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Eck, Statthalter, 91 f.

[German version] Full name (Ser. Sulpicius) I. Marcianus. Freedman of  Galba [2], who had remained behind in Rome during Galba's governorship in Tarraconensis. Imprisoned by Nero following Galba's acclamation; freed after Nero's death, he rushed to Spain in only seven days to bring Galba the news. He received the gold ring of the equestrian order from Galba and probably the restitutio natalium. He exerted great influence on Galba, allegedly was able to dominate him - although this opinion is more likely to be a reflection of social pr…

[German version] Q.L. Sabinus. Equestrian; procurator of the province of Noricum between AD 135 and 138. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography RMD II 93; PIR2 L 285.

[German version] V. is supposed to have been the name of the grandmother of  Elagabalus [2]  (SHA Opil. 9, 1-3; SHA Heliog. 10,1; 12,3; 31,4). This may have been a fiction based on the name of Elagabalus' father (see Varius [II 6] Marcellus). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] P. S. Verus. Legate of Lycia-Pamphylia c. AD 129-131 (most recently [1.36-40, 43]), cos. suff. probably 132 or 133 (CIL XVI 174; cf. RMD 3, 159 and a diploma of 9th September [2]).…

[German version] [1] (E.) Mariniana Probably wife of the Emperor Valerianus On coins from Viminacium she appears as Diva Mariniana. In all probability she was the wife of the later emperor Valerianus, whose accession she predeceased. Probably the sister of Egnatius [II 12] and [II 13]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography …

[German version] Pra…

[German version] [1] P. Celsus Senator Presumably a senator with an estate near Ferentium in southern Etruria (CIL XI 3003 and p. 1313; cf. [1. 147ff.].) Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M.P. Lepidus Official, 2nd cent. AD Attested as cos. suff. on 21 June AD 159 [1. 147ff.]; also mentioned in CIL VI 32321 as a consul, presumably beginning 1 April. For his relatives cf. [1. 154ff.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 P. Weiss, Ein Konsulnpaar vom 21. Jun…

[German version] [1] L. V. Agricola Cos. ord. in AD 230; probably a son of V. [4], brother of V. [6]; for his wide but not clearly distinguishable network of relatives cf. IEph III 710 B; PIR1 V 476. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] V. Apronianus Senator; related to V. [1] and V. [6] (IEph III 710 B). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] V. Gallus Corrector Campaniae; identical to the cos. ord. for the year AD 298. PLRE I, Gallus no. 2. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [4] V. Lupus Senator; suffect consul as late as under Commodus (?). A participant in the battles against Clodius [II 1] Albinus, probably in AD 196, possibly as a consular legate of Germania inferior. In 197 legate of Britain. V. [1] and [6] were his sons. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Eck, Statthalter, 188 f. [German version] [5] V. Lupus According to his burial inscription from Rome (CIL VI 31775 = ILS 1210 = CIL VI 41235), he was praeses Arabiae, then Syriae Coeles, between c. AD 260 an…

(from Latin procurare, ‘to take care of’; Greek ἐπίτροπος/ epítropos). …

[German version] [1] Proculus, Cn., cos. ord. AD 37 Proculus, Cn., cos. ord. AD 37 (PIR2 A 32), perhaps identical with the jurist Proculus [1]. Father of A. Polla. …

[German version] [1] C. V. Apronianus His genealogical connexions are unclear. Cos. ord. in AD 59; proconsul of Africa in 68/9. The annexation of his province by Otho was accomplished with no initiative from his side. Recorded as an Arvalis Frater from 57-86; in February of 86 his successor was chosen, V. therefore died shortly before that. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Scheid, Frères, 257 f. Thomasson, Fasti Africani, 41 f. [German version] [2] L. V. Gallus Praetor, died in AD 17 (Tac. Ann. 2,51,1), probably also mentioned in IG II2 4185. Presumably a younger brother of V. [3]. Eck…

[German version] [1] C. M. Aquillius Fabius Titianus Consul, unknown date Consul in an unknown year; possibly identical with M. [3]. PIR2 M 73. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. M. Picatianus Cos. suff. in AD 165 or 166 Senator; perhaps from Brixia where he was honoured as a patron (CIL V 4338 = InscrIt X 5, 126). Praetorian legate of the legio III Augusta in AD 163-165 [1. 155f.]; suffect consul in 165 or 166. PIR2 M 78. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Thomasson, Fasti Africani, 1996. [German version] [3] C. M. Titianus Cos. ord. in AD 245 Cos. ord. in AD 245 together with Cae…

[German version] [1] Daughter of Avidius Nigrinus, beginning of the 2nd cent. AD Daughter of Avidius Nigrinus, wife of L. Aelius II 6 Caesar, as deduced from SHA Hadr. 23,10 [1. no. 128]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] (A.) Alexandria Daughter of Avidius [1] Cassius, wife of Tib. Claudius Dryantianus Antoninus Daughter of Avidius [1] Cassius, wife of Tib. Claudius Dryantianus Antoninus (SHA Marc. 26,11f.) [1. no. 129]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] A. Plautia Aunt of L. Verus Daughter of Avidius [4] Nigrinus, half-sister of L. Aelius II 6 Caesar, au…

[German version] L.C. Vetus Carminius. Praetorian governor of Lusitania in AD 44/45 (AE 1950, 217); cos. suff. in 51 [1. 265]. CIL VI 1544 is possibly a reference to him, a complete senatorial cursus, which ended with the proconsulate of Africa (PIR2 C 338) [2. 137]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Camodeca, L'archivio Puteolano dei Sulpicii, 1992 2 Alföldy, GFH.

[German version] [1] L. T. Lupercus Pontianus Senator, cos. ord. in AD 135; procos. of Asia probably in 150/1 [1. 89-94; 2. 310 f.]. He may have been a descendant of the Lupercus mentioned in Plin. Ep. 2,5 and 9,26. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 H. Engelmann, Ephesische Inschriften, in: ZPE 84, 1990 2 K. Dietz, Die beiden Mummii Sisennae und der Wiederaufbau der Basilika Stoa von Thera, in: Chiron 23, 1993, 295-311. [German version] [2] L. T. Pontianus Gentianus Senator; descendant of T. [1]; according to HA Aur. 29,1 he had a liaison with the empress Faustin…

[German version] [1] S. Caesoninus Probably son of S. [3]; his second name comes from the family of Caesonia Milonia, the wife of Caligula. He was part of Messalina's [2] circle; since he was homosexual, he was not drawn into her downfall (Tac. Ann. 11,36). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M. S. Nerullinus Son of S. [3]. In AD 50, probably through the influence of his father, he was given a regular consulship together with C. Antistius [II 9] Vetus. Nero rescued him from a conviction in 58 together with his father (Tac. Ann. 13,43,5). He did not become procos. of Asia until 69/70 [1…

[German version] [1] A.C. Crispinus Quaestor in Pontus-Bithynia, beginning of the first cent. AD Quaestor in Pontus-Bithynia under the proconsul Granius Marcellus, against whom he raised charges of high treason before the Senate in AD 15 (Tac. Ann. 1,74). The urn with his ashes was found in the ‘Tomb of the Platorini’ (CIL VI 31762) [1. 41ff., 52]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] A. C. Crispinus Cos. suff. in an unknown year Cos. suff. in an unknown year (PIR2 C 150). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] Ti. C. Hispo Cos. suff. perhaps in AD 101 or 102 Cos. suff. perhaps in …

[German version] Wife of M'.  Acilius [II 3] Aviola, cos. ord. AD 54. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography G. Camodeca, in: L. DiCosmo, A. M. Villucci (ed.), Il territorio Allifano, 1990, 136 f. Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 6.

[German version] [1] Q.C. Knight, 3rd cent. AD Eques from a provincial town; in AD 238, Censorinus dedicated De die natali to him (PIR2 C 156). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Q.C. (= Cerellius) Apollinaris Praetorian tribune, 3rd cent. AD Praetorian tribune who, after serving twice as procurator, is attested as praef. vigilum in AD 212 (CIL VI 1063 = ILS 2178). Admitted to the ordo senatorius (AE 1969/70, 193: funerary inscription) [1. 59ff.; 2. 230]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C.C. Fufidius Annius Ravus Pollittianus Official, 3rd cent. AD Senator, quaesto…

[German version] Daughter of T. Vinius [II 1] (Rufinus). Her husband, whose name is unknown, was apparently involved in the Pisonic conspiracy (Calpurnius [II 13] Piso); she was rescued through the intervention of Ofonius Tigellinus. In AD 68, her father wanted to marry her to Otho. She arranged for her father's burial after he was murdered in early 69. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier 629, Nr. 807.

[German version] [1] C.D. Aponianus Spanish senator under Nero Senator, originally from Cordoba, entered the Senate under Nero. As legate of the legio III Gallica he joined Vespasian and fought for him at Cremona. Of his career only a cura alvei Tiberis is certain (AE 1932, 78 = CIL II2 7, 275); related to D. [2]. PIR2 D 89. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C.D. Vocula Senator under Nero, praetorian 69/70 AD Related to D. [1]. Also from Cordoba, probably also accepted, like D. [1], into the Senate under Nero. As a praetorian he commanded the legio XXII Primigenia in Germania superio…

[German version] [1] L. V. Flamininus Probably a descendant of V. [2]. A senator from Cales, where he was buried by his son L. V. Ennius Aequus [1]. Suffect consul in AD 122, subsequently curator alvei Tiberis, legatus pro praetore exercitus et provinciae Dalmatiae (it may be that at that time quite large numbers of troops were stationed there and this is the reason it was specially emphasized), recorded as a consular legate in Moesia superior between 131 and 133 in an unpublished military diploma (Catalogue Lanz, auction 104: orders a…

[German version] [1] Sex. Papinius Senator, 1st cent. AD Son of Papinius [3], he killed himself at the end of the reign of Tiberius, because his mother had seduced him. She was prosecuted in the Senate and banished from Rome for ten years. PIR2 P 100. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Sex. Papinius Senator, 1st cent. AD Son of Papinius [3]; he conspired against Caligula, who had him tortured to death, along with others. PIR3 P 101. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] Sex. Papinius Allienus Senator from Patavium, early Imperial Period A senator from Patavium, probably a homo no…

[German version] [1] Daughter of Sex. Vistilius Probably a daughter of Sex. Vistilius. Married to the senator Titedius Labeo. In AD 19, she declared herself before the aediles to be a prostitute, in order to avoid being punished under the Lex Iulia de adulteriis ( Adulterium ). She was banished to the island of Seriphos (Tac. Ann. 2,85,2). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography W. Eck, s. v. V., RE Suppl. 14, 910 f.  Syme, RP 2, 811. [German version] [2] Sister of Sex. Vistilius Probably a sister of Sex. Vistilius. Plin. HN. 7,39 mentions her six marriages, from which six chil…

[German version] [1] C. Centurio, 1st cent. AD Centurio. In AD 51, he tried -- in the castle of Gorneae in Armenia -- to mediate between Pharasmanes and Mithridates (Tac. Ann. 12,45f.). Corbulo sent him to the Parthian king Vologaeses in 62 (Tac. Ann. 15,5,2ff.; PIR2 C 461). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Aelianus Military tribune, 2nd half of 1st cent. AD Military tribune, who accompanied Vespasian to Egypt in AD 69 (Philostr. VA 7,18). Praetorian prefect under Domitian, and once again under Nerva, when he joined an opposition group around Co…

[German version] Married to L. Vitellius, cos. III in AD 47. Her sons were A. Vitellius, the later emperor, and his brother L. Vitellius. After her son was enthroned in Rome in the summer of 69 she was given the honorary name Augusta (Tac. Hist. 2,89,2); she died of old age shortly afterwards (Tac. Hist. 3,67,1). Suetonius (Vit. 3) speaks of her approvingly. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 715.

[German version] Ornamenta  were outward signs and special rights attached to the Republican magistrature ( magistratus  C. 2; thus, for example the wearing of the toga praetexta or a specific seat at state games) which could be awarded to specific persons, who were not or not yet entitled to them, separately from the political rights derived from these offices. This development began in the Roman Republic, mostly only in exceptional cases. Thus, according to Cicero (Cic. Cluent. 132) a certain Popilius, the son of a freedman, was granted a seat among the senators as well as other ornament…