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Quintilianus

(2,140 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg)
(or Quintillianus, rarely Quinctil[l]ianus). Roman cognomen, derived from the praenomen Quintus, widespread in the Imperial Period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Professor of and author on rhetoric, late 1st cent. Latin teacher of oratory of the last third of the 1st cent. AD; first professor of rhetoric to receive a public salary at Rome. Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) [German version] I. Biography M. Fabius Q. was from Calagurris [2] (modern Calahorra) in northern Spain. His father was at least conversant with rhetoric (Quint. Inst. 9,3,73…

Troy, romance of

(1,021 words)

Author(s): Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg)
[German version] I. Concept and characteristics The term romance of Troy is here used to refer to a number of ancient prose texts predating the Trojan epics of the Middle Ages, particularly the tales of Dictys Cretensis and Dares [3] Phrygius, which were composed in Late Antiquity. To be sure, the ambition of these and similar works was certainly not to be a romance or novel (Novel); whether in a playful or serious manner, they claim to tell the truth about the Trojan War. In that effort, they sometim…

Dictys Cretensis

(147 words)

Author(s): Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg)
[German version] ‘Dictys of Crete’ is the fictitious author of an alleged, laboriously corroborated authentic eyewitness account of the Trojan War ( Ephemerìs toû Troikoû polémou). It not only includes a prelude that omits the judgement of Paris, but also relates the fate of the returning heroes. Only a few fragments remain of a possibly 2nd-cent. AD (?) Greek original, though we have a rendering in Latin by one L. Septimius some two cents. later. His 6 vols. are made to resemble the Commentaries of  Caesar, with echoes of the style of Sallust. The work is strongly anti-Trojan…

Panegyrics

(2,072 words)

Author(s): Fornaro, Sotera (Sassari) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) | Berger, Albrecht (Berlin)
[German version] I. Greek The modern term 'panegyric' derives from πανηγυρικός ( panēgyrikós sc. λόγος/ lógos), a Greek term denoting a speech delivered during a πανήγυρις ( panḗgyris), a real or fictive 'festival', e.g. the Olympic Games. In the fictive sense →Isocrates was the first to call his fourth speech (389 BC) a Panēgyrikós (Isoc. Or. 59 and 84, 12,172; Letter 3,6; cf. Aristot. Rh. 1408b 15-17). In the broadest sense of the word, the forms of the epideictic genre ('display speech', epídeixis; → genera causarum) belong to panegyric oratory; in the rhetorical treatises of…

Sextius

(1,175 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) | Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Müller, Christian (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Roman nomen gentile, also confused with Sestius . According to tradition, the family achieved prominence in the 4th cent. BC with S. [I 6] who obtained access to the consulate for plebeians. The family was unimportant under the Republic, with the exception of S. [1 3]; the branch which was best known into the 3rd cent. AD originated with Caesar's follower S. [I 2], but it made spurious claims to be descended from the first plebeian consul S. [I 6] (hence the epithets Africanus and Laterensis). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., Q. Founder of t…

Dares

(240 words)

Author(s): Bloch, René (Berne) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg)
(Δάρης; Dárēs). [German version] [1] Trojan priest of Hephaistus Trojan priest of Hephaistus, whose sons Phegeus and Idaeus start the battle against  Diomedes. Whilst the former is killed by Diomedes, Idaeus is rescued by Hephaistus (Hom. Il. 5,9-26). Bloch, René (Berne) Bibliography G. S. Kirk, The Iliad: A Commentary, vol. 2, 1990, 54 P. Wathelet, Dictionnaire des Troyens de l'Iliade, vol. 1, 1988, 408f. [German version] [2] One of Aeneas' companions One of Aeneas' companions, excellent pugilist. However, at the funeral games in honour of  Anchises, he is unexp…

Panegyrici Latini

(248 words)

Author(s): Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg)
[German version] The so-called PL are made up of eleven jointly transmitted Latin orations to emperors and Pliny's [2] speech of thanks to Trajan (which is prefixed as a classical model and the only one with an independent transmission). The eleven orations were given on various occasions in Gaul between 289 and AD 389, most of them in the presence of an Augustus or a Caesar (Tetrarchy; Pan. Lat. 7 before  Maximianus [1] and Constantinus [1] I). Some orators are known by name: Eumenius (first a te…

Attalus

(2,358 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Mehl, Andreas (Halle/Saale) | Folkerts, Menso (Munich) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) | Neudecker, Richard (Rome) | Et al.
(Ἄτταλος; Áttalos). [German version] [1] Friend of  Philippus, rival of Alexander the Great at the court of his father Friend of  Philippus who did not punish him for an insult inflicted on Pausanias. At the wedding of his niece Cleopatra (II) to Philippus (337 BC) he called  Alexander [4] the Great a nothos (illegitimate son) and was attacked by him, whereupon Alexander and Olympias were banned (Plut. Alex. 9 among others). With his father-in-law (Curt. 6,9,18) Parmenion, he commanded the invading army in Asia. After Philippus' death, Alexander …

Seneca

(4,709 words)

Author(s): Calboli, Gualtiero (Bologna) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) | Walde, Christine (Basle)
[German version] [1] L. Annaeus S. The Elder, Latin rhetor and historian, first years of Principate (Seneca the Elder, Seneca Rhetor). Calboli, Gualtiero (Bologna) [German version] I. Life Latin orator, born at Corduba (modern Córdoba) between 61 and 55, probably 55 BC (it was only because of the civil war that he was unable to hear Cicero, Sen. Controv. 1 praef. 11). He came from a wealthy equestrian family, and owned estates (wine, olives) in the same region [8. 6]. He made two lengthy sojourns at Rome (Sen. Controv. 4 p…

Panegyrik

(1,909 words)

Author(s): Fornaro, Sotera (Sassari) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) | Berger, Albrecht (Berlin)
[English version] I. Griechisch Der Begriff P. ist eine moderne Weiterbildung zu πανηγυρικός ( panēgyrikós sc. λόγος/ lógos); der griech. Begriff bezeichnet eine Rede, die während einer πανήγυρις ( panḗgyris), “Festversammlung”, gehalten wurde, z.B. bei den Olympischen Spielen - wirklich oder in der Fiktion. In diesem Sinne bezeichnete zuerst Isokrates seine vierte Rede (389 v.Chr.) als Panēgyrikós (Isokr. or. 59 und 84, 12,172; Brief 3,6; vgl. Aristot. rhet. 1408b 15-17). Im weitesten Sinne gehören zur panegyr. Beredsamkeit die Formen der epideiktischen Gattung (…

Panegyrici Latini

(220 words)

Author(s): Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg)
[English version] Elf gemeinsam überl. lat. Reden auf Kaiser bilden zusammen mit Plinius' [2] Dankrede an Traianus (die als klass. Muster vorangestellt und als einzige auch unabhängig überl. ist) die sogenannten P.L. Die elf Reden sind in Gallien in den J. 289 bis 389 n.Chr. gehalten worden, aus unterschiedlichen Anlässen, die meisten in Gegenwart eines Augustus oder Caesar (Tetrarchie; Paneg. 7 vor Maximianus [1] und Constantinus [1] I.). Einige Redner sind mit Namen bekannt: Eumenius (erst Redelehrer, dann kaiserlicher Mini…

Dictys Cretensis

(126 words)

Author(s): Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg)
[English version] Der “Kreter D.” ist der fiktive Verf. eines angeblichen, umständlich beglaubigten Augenzeugenberichtes über den Trojanischen Krieg ( Ephemerís tú Troikú polému). Einbezogen ist nicht nur die Vorgesch. (die auf das Parisurteil verzichtet), sondern auch das Schicksal der heimkehrenden Sieger. Vom griech. Original (2. Jh.n.Chr.?) sind nur wenige Fr. bekannt. Erh. ist die lat. Bearbeitung, die ein Septimius im 4. (?) Jh. angefertigt hat (6 B.), in der Art der commentarii Caesars, mit Anklängen auch an den Stil Sallusts. Das Werk ist…

Quintilianus

(1,954 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg)
(oder Quintillianus, selten Quinctil[l]ianus). Röm. Cogn., vom Vornamen Quintus abgeleitet, in der Kaiserzeit weitverbreitet. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Rhetorikprofessor und -autor, E. 1. Jh. Lat. Redelehrer des letzten Drittels des 1. Jh. n. Chr. und erster öffentlich besoldeter Rhetorikprofessor in Rom. Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) [English version] I. Biographie M. Fabius Q. stammte aus dem nordspanischen Calagurris [2] (h. Calahorra). Sein Vater war rhet. zumindest geübt (Quint. inst. 9,3,73); ob er - und evtl. sogar …

Attalos/-us

(2,146 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Mehl, Andreas (Halle/Saale) | Folkerts, Menso (München) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) | Neudecker, Richard (Rom) | Et al.
(Ἄτταλος). [English version] [1] Freund des Philippos, Gegenspieler Alexanders d.Gr. am Hof seines Vaters Freund Philippos', der ihn für eine Pausanias zugefügte Beleidigung nicht bestrafte. Bei der Hochzeit seiner Nichte Kleopatra (II.) mit Philippos (337 v.Chr.) spielte er auf Alexandros [4] d.Gr. als einen nothos (illegitimen Sohn) an und wurde von ihm angegriffen, worauf Alexandros und Olympias verbannt wurden (Plut. Alex. 9 u.a.). Mit seinem Schwiegervater (Curt. 6,9,18) Parmenion befehligte er die Invasionsarmee in Asien. Nach Phili…

Dares

(219 words)

Author(s): Bloch, René (Princeton) | Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg)
(Δάρης). [English version] [1] troischer Hephaistospriester Troischer Hephaistospriester, dessen Söhne Phegeus und Idaios den Kampf gegen Diomedes eröffnen. Während jener von Diomedes getötet wird, wird Idaios von Hephaistos gerettet (Hom. Il. 5,9-26). Bloch, René (Princeton) Bibliography G.S. Kirk, The Iliad: A Commentary, Bd. 2, 1990, 54  P. Wathelet, Dictionnaire des Troyens de l'Iliade, Bd. 1, 1988, 408f. [English version] [2] Gefährte des Aeneas Gefährte des Aeneas, ausgezeichneter Faustkämpfer. Bei den Leichenspielen zu Ehren des Anchises wird er jedo…