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Name of a Roman patrician family, probably originally from Came…

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Roman surname (Schulze 78; ThlL, Onom. 2,765-770). The fictive early republican relatives of Curtius[I 1-3] are said to be the explanation for the name Lacus Curtius [1. 75ff.].…

[1] D. of Carthage, Donatists …

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[German version] Lat. grammarian of the 1st half of the 4th cent. AD in Constantinople. He was the teacher of  Charisius, who relied extensively on him in his Ars grammatica. C.'s lost work, which served as a Latin textbook for Greeks [1. 123], was influenced by  Plotius Sacerdos. It may also have been used in the form of revised versions, by later authors, as e.g.  Dositheus, Anonymus Bobiensis and  Beda. Texts circulating under the name of ‘Cominianus’ during the Middle Ages should, however, be associated with his student Charisius. Gatti, Paolo (Trento) …

[German version] I Greek…

[German version] Latin grammarian and author of a Terence comm. that is also included with various Terence MSS. He may have lived in the 6th cent. AD: he used the Terence comm. of  Donatus [3]. The Commentum of E. mainly consists of notes of a rhetorical type, sometimes only of paraphrasing. In the Middle Ages E.'s name appears to have been unknown but there are traces of his comm. in the glossaries and scholia to Terence. Gatti, Paolo (Trento) Bibliography Edition: P. Wessner, 1908 (repr. 1963). Bibliography: Id., E., RE 6, 990-991 …

[German version] Latin grammarian, who worked in Constantinople during the 1st half of the 4th cent. AD. Extant of his works are a treatise entitled De fabula or De comoedia (regarding the title see Rufin. Gramm. 6,554,4), which is contained in the preface to  Donatus' [3] commentary on Terence. The first three chapters of this preface are undoubtedly by E., whereas there is considerable uncertainty regarding the fourth. It is a…

(Εὐτύχης; Eutýchēs). [German version] [1] Gem-cutter of the 1st cent. AD Gem-cutter of the 1st cent. AD, signed as ‘son of  Dioscorides of Aegeae’ the rock crystal with a bust of Athena (Berlin, SM), in the style of the Athena of Velletri. Athena of  Velitrae;  Intaglio;  Gem and cameo cutters Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography Zazoff, AG, 31770, 331 pl. 92,3 AGD II, Berlin 169 pl. 80 and 81 no. 456. [German version] [2] Lat. grammarian of the 4th cent. AD (Eutyc(h)ius, MSS), Latin grammarian of the 4th cent. AD, a pupil of  Priscianus and author of an Ars de verbo, probably identical with the eponymous grammarian, whose Excerpta De adspiratione  Cassiodorus used in his Orthographia. The Ars (2 bks.) partially follows on from Priscianus and provides mainly superficial and schematic descriptions of the flections of the verb, whereas the Excerpta seem to come from a more detailed work. Judging by the frequent use in gloss…

(Φιλήμων; Philḗmōn). [German version] [1] Husband of Baukis Husband of Baucis. Junk, Tim (Kiel) [German version] [2] Writer of the Attic New Comedy, c. 300 BC Son of Damon of Syracuse [1. test. 1, 11], became (before 307/6 BC; cf. [1. test. 15]) an Athenian citizen [1. test. 2-12. 15]. Important writer of Attic New Comedy with his stage debut several years before Menander [4] (before 328: [1. test. 2]); it is uncertain whether this somewhat earlier chronology or the different nature of his plays led to P. once being called a 'writer of the Middle Comedy' [1. test. 7] [2. 62]. P.'s first Dionysian victory is attested for 327 BC [1. test. 13]; the list of the victors at the Lenaea [1. test. 14] attributes three victories to him and places him chronologically behind Timocles, Procleides, Menander [4] and before Apollodorus [5] of Carystus, Diphilus [5] and Philippides [3]. P. is said to have written a total of 97 plays [1. test. 1, 2, 4] - 63 titles (four of them uncertain) are extant - and to have lived to the age of 97 [1. test. 5], 99 [1. test. 1,4] or even 101 [1. test. 1, 6]. At least two versions of his death were in circulation: he was said to have died of a violent laughing fit [1. test. 1, 5] or on the other hand to h…

[German version] Latin grammarian, assumed to have lived before Cassiodorus, probably in the first half of the 6th cent. AD. M. was the son of a certain Adamantius, whom he owed his education and who is thus named in the MSS Adamanti(i) sive Martyrii and in Cassiodorus Adamantius Martyrius. In a manuscript subscriptio the designation Sardianus grammaticus appears, perhaps named after Sardes (Lydia). He is the author of a treatise De B muta et V vocali in 4 parts, documented in 5 MSS from the humanistic period, which go back to two lost codices (one from Bobbio, the other one from Venice). The text was almost completely adopted by Cassiodorus in …

(Χαρίσιος; Charísios). [German version] [I] Attic orator, late 4th cent. BC Attic orator at the end of the 4th cent. BC; contemporary of Demetrius of Phalerum, Demochares and Menander. He was active as a  logographer, and imitated  Lysias (Cic. Brut. 286). Speeches by him were still extant at the time of Quintilian, at that time being ascribed by many to  Menander (Quint. Inst. 10,1,70). Only three passages have survived, in Latin translation in Rutilius Lupus (1,10; 2,6; 2,16). Weißenberger, Michael (Greifswald) Bibliography …

[German version] Latin grammarian (on his erroneous identification with  Agrestius cf. [4. 13 f.]). As Bishop of Sens, he dedicated an Ars de orthographia to Bishop  Eucherius of Lyon ( c. AD 434 to c. 450); therefore he is classified chronologically in the middle of the 5th cent. Strictly speaking, it is not a proper orthographical treatise, but rather a listing of 138 differentiae, that have apparently been strung together without any didactic, logical or content-based criteria. The treatment of differentiae in orthographical works is, however, traditional. It goes back…

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[German version] Latin grammarian of the 2nd cent. AD from Sicca Veneria in A…

Lat. gentile name (Etruscan arntni ?) also as Arentius in inscriptions, derived from the Etruscan name Arruns ([1]; ThLL 2,647). The …

(Διομήδης; Diomḗdēs). [German version] [1] Cultic hero of the city of Argos Hero of the city of Argos in the Trojan War, as opposed to Agamemnon of Mycenae, the lord of north-eastern Argolis (Hom. Il. 2,559-568; cf. Il. 23,471f. [1; 2]). Son of Tydeus and Deipyle, the daughter of Adrastus. In his aristeia before Troy (Il. 5 and 6), he killed Pandarus, wounded Aphrodite when she tried to save Aeneas (Il. 5, 290-351), and later also wounded Ares (Il. 5, 825-863). As a friend of the family, he exchanged weapons with Glaucus the Lycian (on the side of the Trojans), (Il. 6, 119-236). As a spy, he crept into the hostile city with Odysseus and killed Dolon and Rhesus (Il. 10). Paris wounded him so that he could no longer take part in the ongoing battle (Il. 11, 369-400); he could no…

[German version] Latin grammarian, compiled a commentary on the grammar of  Donatus at Constantinople in the 5th cent. He has been preserved in a very disorderly state, which in part reveals how the text, which originated in marginalia and scholastic notes on Donatus, was compiled in a later period. Gatti, Paolo (Trento) Bibliography Editions: GL 5, 9-79. Bibliography: G. Goetz, s.v. C., RE 4, 10 Schanz/Hosius 4,2, 207f. V. de Angelis, s.v. C., EV 1, 818f.

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Old Roman nomen gentile, derived from the prename Marcus. Tradition knows of a patrician branch with the (mythical) king Ancus M. [I 3] and Cn. M. Coriolanus as its most important members. The younger members of the family (from the 3rd cent.) were plebeian without a link to the patrician Marcii being evident. Important families included the Rutili, l…

[German version] I. Mythology (Νῖσος/ Nîsos, Lat. …

[German version] Name of a 5th-cent. Lat. grammarian, perhaps from Narbo (Narbonne), which he refers to in his Ars ( GL 346,5; 348,35). He was either identical with or related to  Sidonius Apollinaris, curator palatii under Avitus (455-456). Of the latter C. we know that, like his father the poet and philosopher, he certainly came from Narbo; that he wrote both Latin and Greek verse; and that thanks to his outstanding knowled…

[German version] I Greek (Παλλάδιος; Palládios). [German version] [I 1] …