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[German version] (Μακκαβαῖοι; Makkabaîoi). Jewish priestly family from Modeïn north-west of Jerusalem (named after its historically most important representative Judas [1] Maccabaeus); also called Hasmonaeans. From 167 BC on…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Pompeius (Κάναθα; Kánatha). City in the South Syrian region of Ḥaurān (today's Qanawā), c. 90 km south-southeast of Damascus, on the western edge of the Ḥaurān mountains themselves (Ǧabal Durūz). Located on the slope above the important ancient road Damascus-Bostra; possibly already mentioned in the OT (Num. 32,42; 1 Chr. 2,23). In the mid 1st cent. BC, C. was the first city in Ḥaurān to be established as a Greek polis by the Romans Pompeius or Gabi…

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Term for a series of violent conflicts between Jews and non-Jews in the eastern Mediterranean between the 2nd cent. BC and the 2nd cent. AD, beginning with the Maccabean revolt against the  Seleucids ( Maccabees;  Judas [1] Maccabaeus). In the narrower sense, the three major Jewish revolts against Roman rule in the 1st and 2nd cents. AD. [German version] I. The ‘Jewish War’ The best-known - thanks to the completely preserved works of the Jewish historian and contemporary  Iosephus [4] Flavius - conflict (AD 66-70) began in the spring/summer of 66 as a protest revolt against the Roman procurator of Iudaea,  Gessius Florus. He had taken a large sum of money from the Jewish temple treasury - in Jewish eyes a severe sacrilege ( Temple III.) - probably to cover outstanding tax debts. The di…

[German version] (δωρεά, dōreá; ‘gift, present’). As a technical term the word has so far been attested only from Ptolemaic Egypt ( Ptolemies), though the underlying practice of giving away land is known from all Hellenistic monarchies ( Hellenistic politics). In Egypt the …

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Pompeius | Theater (Κάναθα). Stadt in der südsyr. Landschaft Ḥaurān (jetzt Qanawāt), ca. 90 km südsüdöstl. von Damaskos, am Westrand des eigentlichen Ḥaurāngebirges (Ǧabal Durūz). Hanglage oberhalb der wichtigen ant. Straße Damaskos-Bostra. Möglicherweise bereits im AT erwähnt (Nm 32,42; 1 Chr 2,23). Um die Mitte des 1. Jh.v.Chr. von den Römern Pompeius bzw. Gabinius (erstmals?) als erster Ort im Ḥaurān als griech. Polis konstituiert, zeitwe…

I. History [German version] A. Term Hellenization is understood here to be a complex acculturation phenomenon composed of different processes operating on several levels. In addition to the area of language and literature, Greek ideas and forms of expression were also adopted in architecture, fine arts, as well as in religion and cult; non-Greek patterns of sociopolitical organization were also adapted to fit the Greek model (polis state, forms of organizations and associations,  gymnasium). All of these changes often had wide-rea…

[German version] [1] Brother of Gorgus (Μιννίων/ Minníōn). M. of Iasus [5], brother of Gorgus, whom he supported in his efforts. He was honoured with him in Iasus and on Samos (see Gorgus). …

I. Geschichte [English version] A. Begriff Unter H. wird im folgenden ein komplexes Akkulturationsphänomen verstanden, das sich aus verschiedenen, auf mehreren Ebenen ablaufenden Prozessen zusammensetzte. Neben dem sprachlich-lit. Bereich wurden auch in Architektur, bildender Kunst sowie in Religion und Kult griech. Vorstellungen und Ausdrucksformen rezipiert; es wurden auch nichtgriech. Muster soziopolit. Organisation in solche griech. Prägung umgeformt (Polisstaat, Formen des Vereinswesens, Gymnasio…

(Ἀντιοχίς; Antiochís). [German version] [1] Tenth Attic phyle Tenth Attic phyle following the reform of the phyles by  Cleisthenes (IG II2 1700 ff.); its eponymous hero was  Antiochus, a son of Heracles. In the 4th cent. BC, A. encompassed one asty deme, six mesogeia demes, and also six paralia ones; …

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(Κύρρος). [English version] [1] Stadt in Makedonien Maked. Stadt beim h. Aravissos zw. Pella und Edessa, existierte schon im 5. Jh.v.Chr. (Thuk. 2,100,1); sollte Bauplatz eines der von Alexander d.Gr. angeblich geplanten Riesentempel werden (Diod. 18,4,5); halbfertige Bauteile in einem ant. Steinbruch bei K. könnten mit diesem Bauvorhaben zusammenhängen [1]. Eine unveröffentlichte Inschr. (vgl. [2]) belegt eine polit. Gemeinde, die sich um Straßen- und sonstige Baumaßnahmen kümmerte. Unter den maked. Provinzstädten von Plin. nat. 4,34 erwähnt, wu…

(Λαοδίκεια; Laodíkeia). [German version] [1] Port-town in north-west Sy…

(Λαοδίκεια). [English version] [1] Hafenstadt in NW-Syrien, h. Latakia Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Bildung | Coloniae | Handel | Hellenistische Staatenwelt | Limes | Pompeius | Syrien | Theater | Straßen (Λ. ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάσσῃ). Hafenstadt im nordwestl. Syrien (jetzt L…

(Ἀντίοχος; Antíochos). [German version] [1] Helmsman in the fleet of  Alcibiades [3] Helmsman in the fleet of  Alcibiades [3]. His indiscipline led to the Athenian defeat at Notion in 407 BC and the subsequent removal of Alcibiades as strategos (Hell. Oxy. 8 Chambers; Xen. Hell. 1,5,11 ff.; Diod. Sic. 13,71; Plut. Alcibiades 10; 35 f.; Lysander 5). …

(Ἀλέξαδρος; Aléxandros). Famous personalities:  Alexander the Great [4] (III.); the Philosopher Alexander [26] of Aphrodisias. I. Myth [German version] [1] see Paris see  Paris. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) II. Associated Hellenistic ruling families [German version] [2] A. I. Macedonian king, 1st half of the 5th cent. BC Son of  Amyntas [1] and his negotiator with  Darius. As Macedonian king he supported  Xerxes' invasion of Greece, but pretended to be a friend of the Greeks (later called ‘Philhellen’). Herodotus has subtly shown his ambigu…

(Ἡρακλείδης; Hērakleídēs). Famous persons: the politician and writer H. [19] Lembus, the philosopher H. [16] Ponticus the Younger, the doctor H. [27] of Tarentum. …