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Apelles, who died after 180 CE, was the most prominent disciple of Marcion, as well as a Christian teacher and headmaster of a school. He taught in Rome, where he engaged in philosophical and religious disputes (e.g. with Rhodon, a student of Tatian). Tertullian’s remark that Apelles became familiar with Platonic philosophy in Alexandria (Tert. Praesc. 30.5–6) is probably a polemical device, like the claim that Apelles abandoned Marcionitism by rejecting radical Marcionite asceticism and “falling into women” (Tert. Carn. chr. 6.1).Apelles was the author of at least two works…

[English Version] Philippus, Bf. von Gortyna auf Kreta (um 170). Eusebius von Caesarea (h.e. IV 21; von ihm abhängig Hier.vir.ill. 30; Thdt., Haereticarum fabularum compendium I 25) zählt Ph. zu den Rechtgläubigen. Eusebius kennt ihn vermutlich nur aus der Korrespondenz des Dionysius von Korinth, die einen Brief an Ph. verzeichnet (Eus.h.e. IV 23,5). Ob Ph. mit seiner gleichfalls bei Eus.h.e. IV 25 erwähnten Schrift gegen Markion Pinytos von Knossos der markionitischen Häresie (Markion/Markioniten) bezichtigen wollte, muß offen bleiben. Katharina Greschat Bibliography P. Na…

[English Version] von Smyrna. Der in Rom ansässige Hippolyt kannte die Lehren des aus Smyrna stammenden N. (Ende 2.Jh.) nur über dessen röm. Schüler (haer. IX 7–10; X 26f.; davon abhängig: Epiph.haer. 57; Filastrius von Brescia, Diversarum haereseon liber, 53; Thdt., Haereticarum fabularum compendium, III 3). N. gilt als Begründer des (modalistischen) Monarchianismus, der aus soteriologischen Gründen für die Identität von Vater und Sohn eintrat und diese mit geschliffenen dialektischen Formulierung…

[English Version] kam aus Kleinasien und lehrte um 180 als Schüler Tatians in Rom (Eus.h.e. V 13,1–9). Er vf. u.a. ein Werk gegen die röm. Markioniten, denen er Uneinigkeit in der Prinzipienlehre vorwarf. Mit Apelles führte er ein Streitgespräch, um zu zeigen, daß seine Form der Einprinzipienlehre unbegründet sei. Katharina Greschat Bibliography K. Greschat, »Woher hast du den Beweis für deine Lehre?« Der altkirchl. Lehrer Rh. und seine Auseinandersetzung mit den röm. Marcioniten (StPatr 34, 2001, 82–87).

[German Version] Philip of Gortyna (Saint), bishop of Gortyna, Crete (c. 170). Eusebius of Caesarea ( Hist. eccl. IV 21; dependent on Eusebius, Jer. Vir. ill. 30; Thdt., Haereticarum fabularum compendium I 25) counts Philip among the Orthodox. Eusebius probably knows him only from the correspondence of Dionysius of Corinth, who mentions a letter to Philip (Eus. Hist. eccl. IV 23.5). It must remain an open question whether Philip, in the writing against Marcion (Marcion) also mentioned in Eusebius Hist. eccl. IV 25, intended to accuse Pinytos of Knossos of Marcionite heresy. Katharina G…

[German Version] Hippolytus, residing in Rome, knew the teaching of Noetus, who came from Smyrna (end of the 2nd cent.), but only through Noetus’s Roman students ( Haer. IX 7–10; X 26f.; derived from this: Epiph. Haer. 57; Philastrius of Brescia, Diversarum haereseon liber, 53; Theodoret, Haereticarum fabularum compendium, III 3). Noetus is considered the founder of (modalist) Monarchianism, which for soteriological reasons maintained the identity of the Father and the Son, and sought to defend this with polished dialectical language. His condemnation by a synod, reported in Contra…

[German Version] Miltiades, Greek apologist trained as a rhetor (Tert. Val. V 1; Eus. Hist. eccl. V 17.1). He probably came from Asia Minor (Jer. Vir. ill. 39) and wrote under Marcus Aurelius; none of his works survives. Besides a work against Valentinus (Tert. Val. V 1), there is evidence of a literary debate with Montanism against which he declared that “a prophet should not speak in ecstasy” (Eus. Hist. eccl. V 17.1). He also wrote a work in two books against the Hellenes and the Jews, and a defense of the Christian way of life (which he called a philosophia) addressed the secular powers (Eus. Hi…

[German Version] came from Asia Minor and taught in Rome c. 180 as a disciple of Tatian (Eus. Hist. eccl. V 13.1–9). His works included a treatise against the Roman Marcionites (Marcion), whom he accused of divisiveness in their doctrine of first principles. He engaged Apelles in a disputation to show that the latter’s form of the single first principle doctrine was without merit. Katharina Greschat Bibliography K. Greschat, “‘Woher hast du den Beweis für deine Lehre?’ Der altkirchliche Lehrer Rhodon und seine Auseinandersetzung mit den römischen Marcioniten,” StPatr 34, 2001, 82–87.

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. Primitive Christianity – IV. Church History – V. Judaism – VI. Islam – VII. Asia, Africa, and Latin America – VIII. Social Sciences – IX. Psychology – X. Philosophy of Religion – XI. Practical Theology I. Religious Studies To date there have been hardly any works devoted to men from the perspective of religious studies. Given the androcentrism of traditional scholarship, the category of homo religiosus has usually yielded knowledge of the religious male, but this work must …