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(Ἀρίστων; Arístōn). [German version] …

[German version] (ἡ διαλεκτική; hē dialektikḗ) is an elliptic expression for ἡ διαλεκτικὴ τέχνη ( hē dialektikḕ téchnē), ‘the art of discourse’. In both versions, it is first found in Plato (Plt. 7,534e 3 or respectively Phdr. 276e5f.), where it is used to describe an ability which is characteristic of philosophers. This, then new, definition of dialectics was widely adopted, but also frequently modified even in antiquity. For a better understanding, the descriptor ‘art’ ( téchnē) is of importance. It clarifies from the very outset that dialectics comprise a p…

(Ἀρχέδημος; Archédēmos). [German version] [1] Athenian politician of c. 400 BC Athenian politician of c. 400 BC. Ar…

[German version] The term dialectician (διαλεκτικός; dialektikós), ‘practised in discourse’, was initially used to describe someone ‘who knows how to ask questions and answer them’ (Pl. Crat. 390c), i.e. a logician according to the contemporary appreciation of his most important ability. The understanding of the term then shifted, so that it either continued to comprise all logicians (as e.g. in Aristot. Top. 8,2,157a 19; Cic. Acad. 2,143; S. Emp. P.H. 2,166) or only referred to a certain group of log…

[German version] [1] Macedonian commander (320-319 BC)…

(Ἀθηνόδωρος; Athēnódōros). [German version] [1] Mercenary commander, in Persian service around 360 BC Mercenary commander, from the Athenian cleruchy Imbrus. In Persian service around 360 BC, then in the service of the Thracian king  Berisades, to whom he became related by marriage. In the battle for the rulership in Thrace, A. won for the allied Berisades and  Amadocus the Athenians as …

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