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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Limes (Ἀἰγέαι; Aigéai). The modern Yumurtalık, a port in  Cilicia Pedias east of the mouth of the  Pyramus (Str. 14,5,18; Stadiasmus maris magni 157 f.; Ptol. 5,8,4). Despite claims of a common origin with Argus [5. 119-128], it was a Macedonian foundation [1. 53-96]; a mint since at least the reign of Antiochus [5] IV [6. 146-150]. A new era began in the autumn of 47 BC ( Eras) [47. 2-22]; oppidum liberum in Plin. HN 5,91. Consecutively or even simultaneously, A. had several imperial names or epithets; as a …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Pompeius | Rome (Καστάβαλα; Kastábala). Situated on the north-eastern edge of the Cilician plain near  Karatepe, C. was a cult centre of Artemis  Perasia (Str. 12,2,7; [2]; the goddess Kubaba ( Cybele) of Kaštabalay is already mentioned in an Aramaic text of the 5th/4th cents. [1]). From the time of Antiochus [6] IV, C. was a polis, bearing the name of Hierapolis (coins). From about 63 BC-AD 17, it was probably the seat of a dynasty of client kings (Tarkondimotos). Roman buildings: theatre, stadium, c…

(Πύλαι Κιλίκιαι; Pýlai Kilíkiai). [German version] [1] Narrow passage through the Taurus Narrow passage through the  Taurus at a height of 1,050 m, these day deeply buried underneath the motorway, modern Gülek Boğazı, through which passed the road from Tyana/Cappadocia to Tarsus/Cilicia (Str. 12,2,7); this pass played an important role i.a. in Xenophon's Anabasis (Xen. An. 1,4,4; 401 BC), during Alexander the Great's campaign (cf. Arr. Anab. 2,4,3; 333 BC), and in the fight of Septimius Severus against Pescennius Niger (Cass. Dio 74,7,1; AD193/4)…

[German version] First established in 102 BC as the   provincia of a Roman praetor (M. Antony) for the purpose of fighting piracy. The command was repeatedly renewed (e.g. 100 BC: IK 41,31) [1. 266] but the subjugation of the inhabitants of C. Tracheia by P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus (78-74) made a permanent Roman presence possible and was solidified by the victory of  Pompeius over the pirates (67) and Cicero's campaign against the Eleutherokilikes (51/50). After Caesar's death C. was …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Pompeius | Education / Culture (Μόψου ἑστία/ Mόpsou hestía, ‘Hearth of Mopsus’, many variants; ethnikon Μοψεάτης/ Mopseátēs). Town in Cilicia Pedias on the lower reaches of the Pyramus, modern Yakapınar; according to legend, founded by the seer Mopsus; prehistoric settlement mound. First literary reference known in Theopompus (FGrH 115 F 103); on Seleucid coins, M. sometimes bears the name of ‘Seleucia on the Pyramus’ [1. 232f.]. M. was destroyed in 95 BC (dynastic wars). Awarded asylía c. 85 BC by Cornelius [I 90] Su…

(Κίλικες, Κιλικία; Kílikes, Kilikía). [German version] I. Cilices a) Tribe mentioned in Homer (Hom. Il. 6,397; 415; cf. Str. 13,1,7; 60), who settled in the southern Troad. b) The inhabitants of the region of Cilicia. The relationship between the two is not clear. Täuber, Hans (Vienna) [German version] II. Cilicia The name first appears around 858 BC in Assyrian sources as H̬ilakku; however, in these it only refers to the mountainous part of the region, where the Greeks first visited. An eponymous hero named Cilix appears in the mythological literature (e…

[German version] (Ἀμανός; Amanós, today Nur Daǧları), mountain range in north north-east-south south-west direction on the Cilician-Syrian border between the basin of Germanicaea (today Maraş) and Cape Scopelus (today Hınzır Burnu). Crossings: Bahçe pass, Beylan /Belen pass. Seat of the Eleutherocilices defeated by Cicero (Cic. Fam. 15,4; Att. 5,20). The battles of Alexander against  Darius III (in 333 BC) and of  Septimius Severus against  Pescennius Niger (in AD 194), among others, took place [1] on…