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[English Version] Tegernsee, ehem. Abtei und Stadt am T., Oberbayern. Das um 760 von den adligen Brüdern Otkar und Adalbert (später erster Abt) gegründete Kloster (Patrozinium des hl. Quirinus) war die bedeutendste bayerische Benediktiner-Abtei. Anfang des 9.Jh. eines der reichsten Königsklöster mit zahlreichen Eigenkirchen und Filialgründungen in Ilmmünster und St. Pölten (Niederösterreich), verfiel T. im 10.Jh. infolge der Säkularisation großer Teile der Klostergüter. Kaiser Otto II. ließ T. 978…

[English Version] (de Argentina; von Straßburg; um 1415 Straßburg – 20.11.1497 Gaming, Niederösterreich). Nach Studium der Artes (1437 M.A.) und vielleicht der Theol. in Wien trat N. 1440 in die Kartause Gaming ein. Als Prior der Kartausen Geirach (1447–1451; 1467–1490), Gaming (1451–1458) und Pleterje (1462–1467) führte N. diese zu neuer Blütezeit (zahlreiche Eintritte). N. wirkte v.a. durch seine Schriften, u.a. zu monastischer Reform und Mystik (knapp 20 erhalten; u.a. De recto studiorum fine, …

[English Version] Paul II., Papst 30.8.1464–26.7.1471 (Pietro Barbo; geb. 23.2.1417 Venedig). Als Neffe Eugens IV. schlug der aus reicher Kaufmannsfamilie stammende P. die geistl. Laufbahn ein: Archidiakon von Bologna, 1440 Bf. von Cervia und Kardinal von S. Maria Nova (San Marco) in Rom, 1464 zum Nachfolger von Pius II. gewählt. Nach seiner Krönung zog P. sich die Feindschaft des Kardinalkollegiums und der Humanisten zu, als er die Wahlkapitulation (Reform der Kurie; Generalkonzil) widerrief und d…

[English Version] Pruntzlein von Dinkelsbühl (um 1360 Dinkelsbühl – 17.3.1433 Wien), studierte von 1385 an in Wien die Artes (1389 M.A.), ab 1390 Theol. (1409 M.theol.) und bekleidete neben Studium, Lehre und Kanonikat von St. Stephan (1405) Ämter der Universität, u.a. das Rektorenamt 1405/06. N. erfüllte im Auftrag der Universität und Herzog Albrechts V., dessen Berater und späterer Beichtvater er war, mehrfach Missionen in Rom und nahm am Konzil von Konstanz teil. Hier war N. an der Auseinanderset…

[German Version] (de Argentina; of Strasbourg; c. 1415, Strasbourg – Nov 20, 1497, Gaming, Lower Austria). After studying the arts (M.A., 1437) and perhaps theology in Vienna, Nikolaus entered the Charter-¶ house (Carthusian monastery) at Gaming in 1440. As prior, Nikolaus led the Charterhouses of Geirach (1447–1451; 1467–1490), Gaming (1451–1458), and Pleterje (1462–1467) into a new flourishing period (with numerous novices). He exerted an influence especially through his writings, on monastic reform and mysticism (just 20 have survived; they include De recto studiorum fine, …

[German Version] (Pietro Barbo; pope Aug 30, 1464 – Jul 26, 1471; born Feb 23, 1417, Venice), nephew of Eugenius IV and born to a wealthy merchant family, he pursued an ecclesiastical career: archdeacon of Bologna, in 1440 made bishop of Cervia and cardinal of Sta. Maria Nova (San Marco) in Rome. In 1464 he was elected to succeed Pius II. After his installation, Paul earned the hostility of the College of Cardinals and the Humanists when he revoked the capitulation he had signed before the electio…

[German Version] (Pruntzlein; c. 1360 Dinkelsbühl – Mar 17, 1433, Vienna). Nicholas began his studies with the arts faculty of Vienna in 1385 (1389 M.A.); in 1390 he began his theological studies (1409 M.theol.). While studying and teaching, he was appointed a canon of Sankt Stephan in 1405; he held various offices in the university and was its rector in 1405/1406. On behalf of the university and Duke Albert IV, whom he served as counselor and later as confessor, he undertook several missions to R…

[German Version] former abbey and town on the lake Tegernsee in Upper Bavaria. The abbey, under the patronage of St. Quirinus, was founded c. 760 by two noble brothers, Otkar and Adalbert (who later became ¶ its first abbot); it was the most important Benedictine abbey in Bavaria. In the early 9th century, it was one of the wealthiest royal monasteries, with many private minsters and affiliated houses in Ilmmünster and Sankt Pölten (Lower Austria). In the 10th century, the abbey lost much of it wealth through secularization. The e…

[German Version] Melk Abbey, a monastery and town in Lower Austria, originally the Roman fortress Namare. From 976, Melk was the residence and later the burial place of the margraves of Babenberg, and from the late 10th century a foundation of canons. From 1089 a Benedictine abbey, Melk became a spiritual and cultural center (relics of St. Koloman, famous scriptorium). In the 15th century, it was the starting point of a monastic renewal extending to Austria and southern Germany (the Melk Reform). …