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[German version] River, forming the border between  Picenum and the  Senones (Liv. 5,35), later taken as Umbrian ( Umbria), modern Esino. From its source on the territory of Sentinum, it runs to the Adriatic, where its mouth is bridged by the   via Flaminia at the   statio ad Aesim (modern Falconara Marittima) (large cistern: three parallel water chambers). The A. valley was known for its excellent cheeses (Plin. 3,112; 11,241). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Q. Maule, SE 59, 1993, 87-102.

[German version] Town in Latium, colony of Alba Longa, ancestral seat of the gens Iulia, 11 miles south-east of Rome in Frattocchie near the via Appia, which had been extended to B. in 294 BC. B. became a municipium under Sulla. In 52 BC, it was the location of the dispute between Clodius and Milo. In memory of the obsequies of Augustus, Tiberius erected a memorial to the gens Iulia in B. (Tac. Ann. 2,41). Monuments: remains of quadratic town walls made from tufa ( lapis peperinus) near Due Santi, and also of the arcades of a circus and a theatre. Villa of Domitianus. Aqueducts and three cister…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Venetic | Coloniae Venetic, later Celtic ( Carni) settlement centre, probably constituted as a Roman vicus after the attack of the  Iapodes in 52 BC. Municipium since Augustus, colonia since Claudius. Location: on the road from Aquileia to Aguntum. Local Belenus cult. After its destruction, most likely by  Alaricus [2], the inhabitants moved to the hill of San Pietro, modern Zuglio. Archaeology: forum with porticus, capitolium, in the south a basilica; thermae; aqueduct; early Christian cemetery basilica. Uggeri, Giova…

[German version] Small river in Umbria, tributary of the Tiberis, modern Timia. The sources of the C. (between Spoletium and Fulginiae below Trebiae) were made famous by Plin. Ep. 8,8; Caligula and Honorius visited them; they were surrounded by chapels for the god of the same name and other oracle deities, taken care of by the citizens of Hispellum; sacraria of a statio of the via Flaminia (It. Burd. 613); villae in the surrounding area. In S. Salvatore de Piscina (6th cent. AD) reused stones and inscriptions have been used in buildings (CIL II 4963). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography…

[German version] Harbour on the Etruscan coast opposite Ilva (modern Elba), 12 miles south of Populonia (It. Ant. 501; Faleria, Rut. Namat. 1,371, should be corrected to Falesia [2]). In the Middle Ages Porto di Felesa [1], modern Piombino (Livorno). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 G. Targioni Tozzetti, Relazione d'alcuni viaggi fatti in diverse parti della Toscana 4, 1751, 250 2 R. Gelsomino, Nota a Rut. Nam. 1,371, in: Rivista di Cultura Classica e Medioevale 15, 1973, 35-47.

Various stations derived their names from a cult site of Mars ad ( fanum) Martis. [German version] [1] Station on the road through the Alpes Cottiae Station on the road through the Alpes Cottiae above Segusio at the confluence of the Bardonecchia and the Dora Riparia, modern Oulx. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Station in Etruria Station in Etruria near Pescia on the Via Cassia between Pistoriae and Luca. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [3] Station in Umbria Station in Umbria on the Via Flaminia, 74 miles from Rome, between Narnia and Mevania ( Vicus Martis …

[German version] Cape on the Tyrrhenian Sea, said by the sources to have been an island connected to the mainland by silting (Theophr. C. plant. 5,8,3; Plin. HN 2,201), modern Circeo (513 m high). The MC has been identified with the island of Circe (Hom. Od. 12,9; Hes. Theog. 1011f.). In the Roman period, Circe and Athena were venerated here (CIL X 6422; Strab. 5,3,6). The grave mound of Elpenor was displayed (Ps.-Scyl. 8). Nearby: villa of Domitian. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography T. Ashby, Monte Circeo, in: MEFRA 25, 1905, 147-209  G. Lugli, Circeii, 1928  R. Righi, La villa di…

[German version] Limestone ridge (691m), present-day Soratte to the northwest of Sant’Oreste, cut off from the Appennines in South Etruria in the territory of the Falisci to the right of the Tiber between the via Flaminia in the west and the via Tiberina in the east. It dominates the Campagna Romana and is visible from Rome (Hor. Carm. 1,9). Apollo (Verg. Aen. 11,785; Sil. Pun. 5,175; 7,662; 8,492; sanctus Soranus Apollo: ILS 3034). The Manes and Dis Pater Soranus were worshipped as a cult. At its base lies Feronia with a sanctuary to the Sabine goddess of the sam…

[German version] Community in Etruria, probably near modern Orvieto; allies of the Volsinii against Rome in 392/1, but without success (Liv. 5,31,5; 32,2). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 339.

[German version] River in the Apennine Mountains (Plin. HN 3,50) in the territory of the Apuani; rising near Luca, it used to discharge into the Arnus near Pisa; nowadays, it has its own mouth into the Tyrrhenian Sea; modern Serchio. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography F. Castagnoli, SE 20, 1948-49, 285-90 G. Ciampoltrini, SE 58, 1992, 53-74; SE 59, 1993, 59-86.

[German version] (Ξιφωνία; Xiphōnía). Port (Scyl. 13) and headland (Str. 6,2,2) on the eastern coast of Sicily on an elongated  sword-like (cf. ξίφος/ xíphos, 'sword') peninsula in the east of Megara [3], on which the king Frederick II  founded the city of Augusta in the 13th cent. X. played an important part in connection with Hannibal's [2] sea manoeuvres in 263 BC (Diod. 23,4,1). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica, 1981, 62, 241 f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre Town of the  Sabini (Str. 5,3,1; Liv. 38,45,19) in a fertile region, situated on a terrace, the source of the river Aternus, which gives its name to the town (Varro, Ling. 5,28); modern Vittorino near L'Aquila on the via Caecilia between Rome and Hadria. A Roman   praefectura from 293 BC, it then became a   municipium of the tribus Quirina with   octoviri . Birthplace of  Sallustius (86 BC). Augustan theatre ( opus reticulatum), leaning against the hillside; an amphitheatre (90 x 68 m…

[German version] River in Samnium (Samnites; Plin. HN 3,103; 3,106; Ptol. 3,1,18: Φιτέρνος/ Phitérnos), modern Biferno. It rises on T. Mons (modern Matese), forms the border with Campania, flows through the territory of the Pentri of Bovianum and Fagifulae, separates the Frentani from the Larinates (Larinum) and flows into the Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos) to the south of Buca (modern Termoli). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Barker, A Mediterranean Valley, 1995  S. P. Oakley, The Hill-Forts of the Samnites, 1995, 107-120.

[German version] Swamp in  Latium (on the Lago di Fondi with a floating island) close to the ancient Amyclae, famous for its wines, especially the sorts Falernus and Setinus (CIL VI 9797). Verified in Rome by numerous amphoras with the inscription Caec(ubum vinum); at the time of Pliny, however, this wine had already become a rarity (Plin. HN 14,61). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria | Italy, languages | Oracles Town in Umbria on a hill in the upper valley of the Tiber, controlled an important traffic route linking the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts via the Pass of Scheggia (63 m), modern Gubbio. Minted its own coins ( IKVVINI, IKVVINS [1. 140-152]). After 268 BC it was civitas foederata (Cic. Balb. 47). In 167 BC the Illyrian king Genthius was interned here (Liv. 45,43,9). After the Social War it was municipium, tribus Clustumina. Pompey's base in the Civil War; occupied by Ca…

[German version] Right-hand tributary of the Padus (Po) in Aemilia, which flows down from the Apennines from the territory of the Ligures Friniates (Liv. 41,12,18) into the region of Mutina. In the valley of the S. sheep were bred (particularly soft wool, cf. Str. 5,1,12: Σκουλτάννα). Today the river is called Scoltenna in the mountains, Panaro on the plain. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] (Liv. 2,39; Ethnikon Μογιλλανοί, Dion. Hal. ant. 8,36,2). Oppidum in Latium at Corioli. The gens of the Papirii Mugillani (Papirius) presumably originated there. Its precise location is unknown. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Branch of the aqua Marcia in Rome behind the horti Pallantiani (Frontin. Aq. 19,8) south of the porta Tiburtina, which supplied the regiones I, XI and XII via the Caelius mons and the Porta Capena. The association of a Herculaneus rivus (HR) with the aqua Virgo in Plin. HN 31,42 is probably due to a mistake. Another HR was the permanent spring that supplied the Anio novus 38 miles east of Rome at the via Sublacensis (Frontin. Aq. 15,4f.). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Richardson, 17f. D. Cattolini, s.v. H.r., LTUR 1, 1993, 69.

[German version] Main centre of the  Carricini in Samnium, mentioned for events in 311 BC (Liv. 9,31,2f.); municipium since the 1st cent. BC, tribus Arnensis; birthplace of Helvidius Priscus (Tac. Hist. 4,5). Archaeological monuments: remains on the Piano Laroma at Aventino near Cásoli (Chieti); opus incertum and reticulatum; theatre in opus reticulatum with audience seating adjoining the city walls; thermal springs; domus suburbana with mosaics. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. La Regina, C. e il territorio Carecino, in: RAL 22, 1967, 87-99 A. Pellegrino, Il Sann…

[German version] Late Roman villa (Rut. Nam. 1,531; Portus [7] Pisanus) on the coast of the Mare Tyrrhenum at modern Livorno. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] (Rut. Namat. 1,515; Γοργόνη/ Gorgónē, Ptol. 3,1,78; Ὀργών/ Orgṓn, Steph. Byz. s.v.; Lat. Urgo, Plin. HN 3,81; Gorgona from the time of Gregory the Great). Small island in the mare Ligusticum between Pisa and Corsica; modern Gorgona. Eneolithic (early 2nd millennium BC) finds in the Grotta di San Gorgonio. A bronze crater from Vulci was found on the coast (late 6th cent. BC, today in the Vatican Museum). In the north, ruins of a Roman villa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography BTCGI 8, 1990, 161-163.

[German version] (modern Frosinone). City in Latium adiectum on the via Latina, seven miles from Ferentinum on a hill (291 m) left of Cosa (modern Acquosa). In 306 BC it instigated a rebellion of the Hernici (Diod. Sic. 20,80), whose leaders were executed in 303; a third of F.'s territory was confiscated (Liv. 10,1,3) and F. was reduced to a praefectura. After the Social War municipium, tribus oufentina; in the Imperial period colonia (CIL X 5662f.; [1. 233]). Early historical finds, remains of city wall and amphitheatre; aqueduct (Ponte della Fontana). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibl…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Regio, regiones (modern Atri). At first Hatria, later H., town 7 km west of the Adriatic coast in the south of Picenum ( regio V) between the Vomanus (modern Vomano; Sil. Pun. 8,438) and the Matrinus (modern Piomba). Founded by the Siculi and Liburni, captured by the Piceni. After its subjugation a colonia Latina was founded (289 BC; Liv. per. 11) that minted coins bearing the legend HAT(ria) (cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἁτρία). Municipium, tribus Maecia [1. 64], recolonized by Sulla or Augustus. T…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae City on the Tyrrhenian coast in South Etruria ( regio VII) at the mouth of the Aro, which drains the lacus Sabatinus. Half-way (9 miles from  Ostia and  Alsium) between the via Portuensis and the via Aurelia (It. Ant. 300), modern Maccarese. In 245 BC, a colonia of Roman citizens (Liv. per. 19; Vell. Pat. 1,14,8). Inscriptions: CIL XI p. 549. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Branchini, F. e dintorni, 1991 Nissen 2, 350 Ruggiero 3, 216.

[German version] Mons amoenus (‘a delightful mountain’) in the territory of the Sabines, mentioned by Hor. Carm. 1,17 as close to his villa near Digentia (Licenza), possibly Monte Gennaro, which is visible from Rome. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. De Angelis, P. Lanzara, Monti Lucretili, 1980 E. A. Schmidt, Sabinum, 1997.

[German version] [1] Southern sanctuary in the region of Capena This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae Southern Etruscan sanctuary in the region of Capena (Liv. 1,30) on the Tiber below Soracte in a forest sacred to Feronia. The cult is said to have been founded at the initiative of Propertius, the king of Veii (Cato fr. 48 P). According to Liv. 1,30,5, a sheep and wool market was held here every year from the time of Tullus Hostilius onwards. Hannibal plundered the treasure of the sanctuary in 21…

[German version] Largest river in Apulia (134 km in length), modern Ofanto. It forms the border between Daunia and Peucetia (Pol. 3,110,9; Liv. 22,44; Str. 6,3,9; Plin. HN 3,102; Ptol. 3,1,15; Plut. Fab. 15). It rises near Compsa, flows around Monte Voltur, is crossed by the via Appia at the statio of Pons A., and passes through Canusium, where it is still crossed by an extant bridge of the via Traiana, and through Cannae. The port (ad Aufidum/Aufidena) at its mouth into the Adriatic served as a statio of the coastal road. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Civiltà antiche del medio…

[German version] Island between the Etruscan coast and Corsica, possibly Scoglio d'Affrica (Formica di Montecristo). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] River in Latium (Fest. 418,20f.: Stura; Str. 5,3,6), modern Torre Astura, running from   mons Albanus through the Pomptine marshes to the coast between Antium and the Circeius mons, its mouth opposite the island of the same name (Plin. HN 3,57; 81). In 338 BC, this was the site of the battle of the consul Maenius against the Latini and Volsci (Liv. 8,13,5; 12). Cicero owned a villa there, his retreat after the death of his daughter; also, a villa of Augustus and Tiberius (remains of a large-scale fish pond and a pergola on the island -- then linked by a brid…

[German version] [1] A City on the later via Aemelia This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Regio, regiones Established in 183 BC as a colonia, together with Mutina in the region neighbouring the Boii (formerly Tusci) (Liv. 39,55,6-8) on the P., a right-hand tributary of the Padus, with 2,000 Roman citizens each with eight iugera of land; tribus Pollia, in the r egio VIII Augustea (Aemilia) from the time of Augustus, still called P. today. The city was situated on what was to become later  the via Aemilia betw…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Etrusci, Etruria | Natural catastrophes Town in northern Etruria ( regio VII) on a rise above Florence north of the Arno, modern Fiesole. Etruscan name Vipsl [1. 675ff.]. Mentioned by Pol. 2,25,6 in relation to the Celtic invasion of 225 BC. In 217 Hannibal marched from F. to Lake Trasimena (Pol. 3,80; 82). In the Social War, F. was destroyed by L. Porcius Cato (Flor. 2,6,1…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria ( Hortanum, Plin. HN 3,52). Etruscan town on a volcanic mountain to the right of the Tiber, modern Orte; a place of commercial importance where several roads meet. Settled since the 6th cent. BC (necropolis of Le Piane), municipium after the  Social War [3], tribus Stellatina [1. 85]. Connected by a bridge with the vicus of the river port on the left bank of the river; recorded as Castellum Amerinum in the Tab. Peut. Remains of quays, warehouses, baths. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 W. Kubitschek, Im…

[German version] Lake in the largest of the volcanic craters of the mons Albanus , where Alba Longa and various villas were located, e.g. those of Pompey and Domitian, as well as the Castra Albana of Septimius Severus. In 398 BC the water level was regulated through a drainage channel (Liv. 5,15; Cic. Div. 1,100). Famous wines grew on the slopes (Plin. HN 14,64; 23,33). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography P. Chiarucci, Albano Laziale, 1988.

[German version] Colonia Latina of Alba Longa on the left bank of the Anio between Rome and Tibur. Occupied by the Sabini, conquered by Rome under Tarquinius Priscus. Well known on account of the rape of Lucretia by Sextus Tarquinius. A gateway in Rome is named after C. (cf. Paul Fest. 33,18ff.), as is the via Collatina (Frontin. Aq. 5). After the decline of the city (Plin. HN. 3,68), many grand villae were built in the area (archaeological discoveries). C. is identified with the fortress of Lunghezza on a hill to the left of the Anio, where finds have been made of…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Italy, languages (Σουλμῶν; Soulmôn). City of the Paeligni (Str. 5,4,2; Ptol. 3,1,64), regio IV, present-day Sulmona (L'Aquila). The city became a Roman ally in 304 BC (Liv. 9,45; Diod. Sic. 20,101), municipium, tribus Sergia from 89 BC. The design of the city is orthogonal (400 × 400 m), centres of the Paeligni were located on the hills to the south around the basin of S. (cf. Colle Mitra, Piano della Civitella, Colle Tassito). Remnants of a sanctuary of Hercules Curinus were f…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Coloniae City in southern  Samnium in a loop of the Volturnus at the foot of mons   Tifernus , modern Alife. Minting in the 1st half of the 4th cent. BC. Entangled in the Samnite Wars (building of walls at the foot of Monte Cila). Founding of a   colonia with triumviri (CIL IX p. 264). Preserved structures are the intact, right-angled surrounding wall in opus incertum with four gates, square and round towers as well as the right-angled complex; the theatre with an extension from the Antonine period; a…

[German version] River which rises in the Appenninus, passes Forum Cornelii (modern Imola) and flows into the Adriatic to the north of Ravenna (Plin. HN. 3,119 f.; Mart. 3,67,2: Vaternus), modern Santerno. In the Roman period it flowed from the right into the Spineticus, a branch of the Padus (modern Po); the port at its mouth was therefore called Portus Vatreni. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Uggeri, La romanizzazione dell'antico Delta Padano, 1975, 37.

[German version] A lake formed by the rivers Avens, Himella and Tolenus in the territory of the Sabini in the plains below Reate. It was partially drained in 272 BC by the consul Curius [4], through the drainage system of the Cascata delle Marmore, which gave the waters of the Avens an artificial outlet. The lake drained into the Nar above Interamna [1]. Q. Axius (Varro, Rust. 2,1,8) and Cicero (Att. 4,15) [1] had villas here. The drainage of Lacus Velinus caused quarrels between Reate and Interamna (Varro, Rust. 3,2,3; Cic. Att. 4,15,5; Cic. Scaur. 12,27; Tac. Ann. 1,79; palus Reatina, Plin. …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria City in Umbria (Umbri) on the upper Aesis, municipium of the tribus Oufentina [1] (Plin. HN 3,114; Ptol. 3,1,53; CIL XI 5711; 5718), modern Borgo Tufico (formerly Ficano) near Albacina (Macerata). T. was on a side road to the Via Flaminia , branching off at Helvillum (modern Fossato di Vico?) and leading to Aesis (modern Iesi) on the Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 L. R. Taylor, The Voting Districts of the Roman Republic, 1960, 273. Nissen 2, 386.

[German version] City in Umbria (Umbri; Plin. HN 3,114) in the valley of the upper Tiber, modern Città di Castello; no remains survive; municipium of the tribus Clustumina (CIL XI 5939; 5942). T. was connected by road to Perusia and Arretium. Nearby there is a sanctuary in the oriental style; thermae at Rignaldello. A villa of Plinius [2] the Younger was to the north of T. (Plin. Ep. 4,1; 5,6; modern Colle Plinio near Lama, Selci). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography R. Margherini Graziani, Storia di Città di Castello, 1890 D. Diringer, Edizione Archeologica della Carta d'It…

[German version] Town of the prisci Latini, founded by Alba Longa north of the Anio (Liv. 1,33,4; 38,4; Medullum, Plin. HN 3,68). The town was captured by the Romans in the war against the Latini (340-338 BC). Deserted by the end of the Roman Republic; its exact location is unknown. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 563.

[German version] Ships' mooring (It. Maritimum 499) on the promonturium Argentarium in Etruria, modern Porto Santo Stefano. The place name is to be interpreted as ‘ in cetaria’ and therefore denotes a fishing-port for tuna fish. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography R. Bronson, G. Uggeri, Isola del Giglio, in: SE 38, 1970, 208f.

[German version] River which rises in the Appenninus, forms the northern border of the territory of the Senones [1] ( Ager Gallicus )  (Liv. 5,35,3) and discharges into the  Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos) to the north of Ariminum (modern Rimini) between the Rivers  Ariminus and Rubico; modern Uso. Scarcely identifiable with the Vitis in Plin. HN 3,115 (modern Montone?). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 250; 257  G. Radke, s. v. Viae Publicae Romanae, RE Suppl. 13, 1417-1686, here 1577 f.

[German version] Crater lake within the territory of the  Hirpini (accordingly: Valle d'Ansanto) with sulphuric vapours, colloquially called ‘Mufite’. Access to the underworld (Verg. Aen. 7,563 ff.). Nearby (near Valli), a sanctuary of the goddess  Mefitis (verified from 6th cent. BC to 1st cent. AD: Cic. Div. 1,79; Verg. Aen. 7,563-571; Plin. HN 2,208; for the 4th cent. AD: Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2,350). Finds of votive gifts: coins, bronze and terracotta objects, wooden statuettes; an Oscan dedication to Mefitis Aravina. Inscriptions: CIL IX 1023-34. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bib…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria Umbrian town (Umbrian ocre = Latin arx, 'citadel') in a dominant position on the left bank of the Tiber, allied to Rome from 308 BC. The Roman town developed during the Augustan period on the via Flaminia, 44 km from Rome and 12 from Narnia. In 90 BC, O. became the municipium of the tribus Arnensis (CIL XI 4081ff.), later in regio VI; modern Otricoli on the slopes of the Umbrian town, while the Roman settlement was lower in a westerly direction towards the Tiber at San Vittore. Remains…

[German version] Right-bank tributary of the Padus (modern Po), into which it flows at Placentia  (Plin. HN 3,118), modern Trebbia; it rises in the Ligurian Appenninus. It was on the T. that in 218 BC the first fighting between the Romans and Hannibal [4] took place (Pol. 3,66-74; Liv. 21,52-56). In its valley are the sacrarium Minervae Medicae Cabardiacensis and the Bobbio monastery founded in 612 by Saint Columbanus. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Marchetti, P. Dall'Aglio, La battaglia del Trebbia, in: Atti dell' istituto de geologia dell' università di…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Caesar | Umbri, Umbria | Christianity | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Commerce | Pilgrimage | Regio, regiones | Batavian Revolt Town of the  Umbri in Emilia on the southern bank of the Ariminus mouth (canal port), modern Rimini. Archaeological remains of the  Villanova culture and of the  Celts, Attic ceramics. From 268 BC colonia Latina (6,000 colonists; Vell. Pat. 1,14,6; Eutr.2,16); strategically important outpost in  Gallia Cisalpina (Pol. 3,61,11;…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) A town of eastern Aemilia located on the via Aemilia (Itin. Gaditanum 90; It. Ant. 100; 126; 287; It. Burd. 616; Tab. Peut. 4,5) at the crossing of the Anemo (Lamone), modern Faenza. Late Republican foundation (augural name), municipium, tribus Pollia [5. 93]. In 82 affected by the Civil War (Liv. Epit. 88; Vell. Pat.2,28; App. B Civ. 1,91). Famous for wine (Varro Rust. 1,2,7) and linen production (Plin. HN 19,9). Early Christian diocese. Prehistoric settleme…

[German version] Navigable  canal on the Etruscan coast ( regio VII) between Pisae and Luna with a road station on the via Aemilia Scauri (Ptol. 3,1,43; It. Ant. 293; Tab. Peut. 4,1) near Massarosa (Lucca). The builder, a Republican official, is not identified. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Neppi Modona, Carta archeologica d'Italia 104, 1956, 16 Nissen 2, 287.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus City of the Latini east of Rome on the south-eastern banks of the Lago di Castiglione (a volcanic crater) left of the Anio, 12 miles from Rome, modern Gabi (Roma). According to legend, it was of Siculan origin or a foundation by Alba Longa. It was here that Romulus and Remus allegedly were instructed in literature, music, and the use of Greek weapons (links with Greece, culturally dominating position amongst the Latin cities). The text of a foedus with Rome, concluded under Tarquinius Priscus, was preserved on a l…

[German version] Navigable river in Etruria (Etrusci; Plin. HN 3,51), modern Ombrone. It rises near Saena/modern Siena, was crossed by the v ia Aurelia and formed a sea harbour at its mouth to the south of Lacus Prelius (Rut. Nam. 1,337-340; It. Ant. 500,4 f.). The place name is connected with the Tractus Umbriae, the stretch of land between Saena and Telamo originally settled by the Umbri (Plin. HN 3,51). Another U. (modern Ambra), a left-bank tributary of the Arnus, was crossed between Clusium and Florentia [1] by the v ia Cassia Hadriana. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Batavian Revolt Vicus in south-east Venetia on the Padus in the territory of Verona (Tac. Hist. 3,9), river port on the Ticinum - Ravenna route ( ab H. per Padum, Tab. Peut. 4,5), modern Ostiglia. Beginning of the southern branch of the via Claudia Augusta (ILS 208, Padana). Mentioned in connection with the battles of AD 69 (Tac. Hist. 2,100). A special honey production was practised here (Plin. HN 21,73). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Paviani Buganza, Storia e topografia di Ostiglia, in: Atti e Memor…

[German version] ( Septaquae). Pagus ('district') in the territory of the Sabini at Reate (CIL IX 4206 f.; 4399), with its springs and lakes a centre of tourism (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,14), also visited by Cicero in 54 BC (Cic. Att. 4,15,5; Rosea rura). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 474.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Natural catastrophes | Oracles | Punic Wars (Σπολήτιον/ Spolḗtion; Lat. Spoletum). City in Umbria (Str. 5,2,10; Ptol. 3,1,54) in the valley of Clitumnus on the Via Flaminia (It. Ant. 125,4), present-day Spoleto. Became c olonia (Coloniae) in 241 BC (Cic. Balb. 48; Liv. Per. 20; Vell. Pat. 1,14,8) with praetores, tresviri, iudices, tribunus, in 90 BC municipium, tribus Horatia; regio VI (Regio, regiones). S. was a Byzantine base in t…

[German version] River in Samnium, modern Sangro (Str. 5,4,2: Σάγρος/Ságros; Ptol. 3,1,19: Σάρος/Sáros). It passed through the territory of the Carricini past Aufidena and Trebula, then through the territory of the Frentani between Iuvanum and Pallanum, and flowed into the Ionios Kolpos between Ortona and Histonium. Below Castel di Sangro it could be crossed by a bridge that was part of the Roman road which went from Sulmo to Aesernia. Samnites, Samnium Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography L. Mariani, Aufidena, in: Monumenti antichi dei Lincei 10, 1901, 225-638, espe…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus Sabine city on the left bank of the Tiber, 24 miles from Rome on the via Salaria. C. is the hometown of two Roman kings (Titus Tatius, Numa Pompilius), the designation of the Romans as Quirites (Str. 5,3,1), and also the name of the mons Quirinalis (Varro, Ling. 5,51). The Romans conquered C. under M'. Curius Dentatus (290 BC). As a municipium, C. was incorporated into the tribus Sergia. Sulla and Caesar deduced coloniae to C. It belonged to regio IV (Ov. Fast. 2,135; Str. 5,3,1) and was called C. Sabini in the imperial period…

[German version] Township in Gallia Cispadana (Pol. 3,40,13), modern Taneto near Sant'Ilario d'Enza (in the province of Reggio Emilia). Municipium, Regio VIII (Plin. HN. 3,116), on the right bank of the Incia, itself a right-bank tributary of the Padus (modern Po), between Parma [1] and Regium, somewhat to the north of the Via Aemilia (It. Ant. 267,8; Tab. Peut. 4,3;  It. Burd. 616,12: Canneto). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography M. Degani, Edizione archeologica 74 (Reggio Emilia), 1974, 30 f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria A harbour town on the Etruscan coast south of the mouth of the Marta, connected to the via Aurelia by a byway; known today as Porto Clementino (municipality of Tarquinia). Commercial trading post for Tarquinii, prone to malaria (Cato Orig. 2: 46). In 181 BC, it becomes a Roman colonia, Tribus Stellatina, whose territory was divided into parcels of land of five iugera; later colonia Augusta, regio VII. Wine production and trade in red coral (Plin. HN 14, 67; 32, 21). Destroy…

[German version] [1] Spring near Venusia Spring near Venusia, the native city of  Horatius, who was prompted by B. to name B. [2]. In connection with Bantia (today Banzi), it is located in the Palazzo San Gervasio (today Potenza) on the basis of a bull of Pope Pasquale II (1103), who addresses an ecclesia ss. martyrum Gervasii et Protasii in Bandusino fonte apud Venusium and a castellum Bandusii. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Jaffé, 714, 5945. [German version] [2] Spring in Apulia Fons splendidior vitro (‘a spring, clearer than glass’ Hor. Carm. 3,13), named thus by…

[German version] Town in Latium (Luc. 2,134; App. B Civ. 1,87: Ἱερὸς λιμήν/ Hieròs Limḗn) on the upper reaches of the Tolerus (present-day Sacco) on the via Labicana between Praeneste and Signia, possibly near Piombinara. Here, Cornelius [I 90] Sulla crushed the army of Marius [I 2] in the spring of 82 BC (Plut. Sulla 28,4; App. B Civ. 1,87; Liv. Per. 87; Vell. Pat. 2,26; Luc. 2,134). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 651  G. Tomassetti, La Campagna Romana, vol. 3, 1910, 459 (repr. 1976).

[German version] (Νατίσων; Natís ōn). River in Venetia (Ptol. 3,1,26) which rises in the Alpes Carnicae, flows below Forum Iulium (present-day Cividale), reaches the Turrus from the right (Plin. HN 3,126) and flows into the Laguna Veneta near Aquileia [1]. It protected the east walls of Aquileia and formed a canal port there (Str. 5,1,8). At the estuary the river is nowadays called Natissa (as in Iord. Get. 42), but Natisone and Torre in the interior regions. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 229.

[German version] Archaic people of Latium, possibly identical with the Sanates Tiburtes, who were neighbours of the Forcti Gabini, and who, according to Plin. HN 3,69, as one of the 30 pagi of the populi Albenses, gathered for sacrificial rites on Mons Albanus. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 555-557 M. Pallottino, Le origini di Roma, in: ArchCl 12, 1960, 27 A. Alföldi, Early Rome and the Latins, 1963, 13.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | | Coloniae City in Umbria, regio VI, located on a high limestone spur of the Apenninus, 56 miles from Rome, present-day Narni. In the year 299 BC (Liv. 10,10,5) a colony under Latin law was founded there at the site of the Umbrian city of Nequinum, its ominous name (in popular etymology derived from nequire, ‘to be unable’) replaced as it was renamed for the Nahartes in the Nar valley. Municipium of the tribus Papiria, birthplace of the Emperor Nerva [2]; it was of strategic significance in AD 69 …

[German version] River in Latium (Latini), after which the tribus Oufentina was named in 318 BC (Liv. 9,20,6; Fest. 212,7 ff. L.: Ofens); modern Uffente. The U. rises on Mons Lepinus (modern Monti Lepini) to the north of  Setia and flowed into the Pomptinae paludes ( Ager Pomptinus ), where it collected (Verg. Aen. 7,801;  Str. 5,3,6;  Sil. Pun. 8,382). There it was crossed by the Via Appia on a two-arched bridge. To the east of Cerceii it flowed into the sea. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography M. Cancellieri, s. v. Ufente, EV 5, 354.

[German version] (also: Isontius, Aesontius). River in Venetia (Tab. Peut. 4,5; Cassiod. Var. 1,18,1; 1,29; with no mention of the name: Str. 5,1,8; Hdt. 8,4,2). The source is in the Alpes Carnicae, it is joined from the left by the Frigidus (modern Vipacco) and flows into the Adriatic Sea between Aquileia [1] and Tergeste, modern Isonzo. During the yearly snow-melt, it swells strongly and is difficult to cross. It was crossed by the Via Gemina (Aquileia - Emona) near Pons Sontii (modern Mainizza)…

[German version] Sabine town between Reate and Interocrium, founded by the local inhabitants, made famous by Varro; the Aquae Cutiliae and the lacus Cutiliensis, situated in the centre of the peninsula, considered the umbilicus Italiae (‘navel of Italia’) (Varro, Ling. 5,71; Plin. 3,109) take their name from Cutilia. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, 2, 475.

[German version] Station on the Via Appia , where a road branches off to Setia, about 58 km from Rome in the Pomptinae Paludes (Ager Pomptinus) outside Forum Appii (modern Faiti), modern Torre Tre Ponti. A three-arch Roman bridge still crosses the Nymphaeus (modern Ninfa) today; the Decennovium to Tarracina began there. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography V. Galliazzo, I ponti romani, 1994, 86, No. 131.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria Town of the imperial age (Tac. Hist. 3,60; Plin. Ep. 1,4), on the via Flaminia between Narnia and Mevania in Umbria, on an elevated plain, a little to the north of San Gemini. Municipium of the tribus Clustumina. Excavations: via Flaminia within the town area, forum (lining the via Flaminia in the east with two small tetragonal arches, trapeziform, its southern end delimited by a temple with two cellae), theatre, amphitheatre (86 × 62 m), cisterns. To the east of the road, the church of S. D…

[German version] A. Location The Roman province in northern Italy borders on the Alps in the north and west, the Apennines in the south and the Adriatic in the east. Traversed by the Padus (Po) ( Gallia Transpadana to the north and Gallia Cispadana to the south of the Padus), Gallia Cisalpina (GC) was identified with the Po valley ( latissima pars Italiae, Tac. Hist. 1,70,1). In antiquity the geomorphological structure of GC was in many respects quite different from today, especially with regard to the riverbeds of the Padus (which ran further south) and the Atesis …

[German version] Town of the Aborigines and Prisci Latini, colony of Alba Longa; seized by Tarquinius Priscus; destroyed 502 BC by the consul Opiter Verginius Tricostus. Listed by Pliny (HN 3,68) as one of the Latian towns that had disappeared by his time. The gens Coruncania came from C. (Tac. Ann. 11,24,2). Location unknown. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 563.

[German version] The largest river in Italy, present-day Po, which was equated with the mythical Eridanus ( fluminum rex Eridanus, Verg. G. 1,482; sacer Eridanus, Sil. Pun. 12,696; pater Eridanus, Sil. Pun. 4,691); it was known locally as P. and Bodincus (Metrodorus FGrH 184 F 8). It flows for a distance of 570 km from west to east through the whole of Gallia Cisalpina (Pianura Padana) which it divides into Cispadana in the south and Transpadana in the north. (The regional reforms of Augustus created Liguria and Aemilia in …

[German version] Island in the mare Tyrrhenum, off the promonturium Argentarium, modern Giglio. Settled since the Neolithic, I. belonged to the territory of the colonia of  Cosa and in 49 BC was part of the property of the Domitii, who equipped a fleet against Massilia there (Caes. B Civ. 1,34,3). Regarding maritime traffic cf. the corpus codicariorum (CIL XI 2643). Due to its remoteness and dense forests, I. was used as a refuge by the Romans in the time of Alarich [2] (Rut. Namat. 1,325). Archaeology: a splendid villa near the port, another near Campese; Etruscan and Roman remain…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Tribus | Latini, Latium Town in Latium in the southern foothills of the Alban hills, 18 miles from Rome on the via Appia, modern Lanuvio. Participated in the foedus Cassianum of 493 BC. Loyal to Rome during the Latin War of 340 ( Latin League), L. received the civitas Romana; municipium (338 BC; Liv. 8,14,2), possibly tribus Maecia. Birth-place of the emperors Antoninus Pius and Commodus. The modern settlement is located on top of the ancient town; only the arx (‘castle’), surrounded by a tuff wall, on the hill of…

A number of towns or townships in Italy had this name, derived from the production of salt there. [German version] [1] Town on the Adriatic coastal road S. is recorded in Tab. Peut. (5,1; cf. Geogr. Rav. 327; [1]) as on the Adriatic coastal road 5 Roman miles north of Ostia Aterni (modern Pescara) and 13 Roman miles south of Hadria on the left bank of the River Salino, which, formed by the confluence of the Tavo and the Fino, marked the border between the Vestini and the Praetuttii, near modern Montesilvano Marina. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Place south of Mons Garganus Place…

[German version] Plain in Sabine territory near Reate (also Rosea, Varro Rust. 2,7,6; 3,2,9; 3,17,6; Rosia, ibid. 3,2,10; Ager Rosulanus, Serv. Aen. 7,712); the most fertile soils in the whole of Italy were there (Varro Rust. 1,7,10). Fest. 355,3 derives the term from arva rore humida ('land moist with dew'). The region was drained in 272 BC under the censor M'. Curius [4] Dentatus by constructing a canal between Lacus Velinus and the Nar, and was thus made agriculturally useful (Cic. Att. 4,15,5). The RR was used for breeding horses, whi…

[German version] (Πανδατερία/ Pandatería). Island in the mare Tyrrhenum (Str. 2,5,19; 5,3,6), modern Ventotene (Latina), west of Cyme [2] and south of Caieta, between the insulae Pontiae (Pontia) and Pithecussae. Iulia [6], Agrippina [2], Octavia [3], the wife of the emperor Nero, and Flavia [3] were exiled there. Extant remains include a villa, an aqueduct, a cistern, a fishpond as well as port facilities. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography C.M. Amici, F. Cifarelli et al., Ventotene: documentazione archeologica, in: G.M. De Rossi (ed.), Le isole Pontine attraverso i …

[German version] Town in Latium adiectum; the modern Val di Comino to the north of  Atina [1] (perhaps San Donato). During the 3rd Samnite War in 293 BC conquered by consul Sp. Carvilius Maximus (Liv. 10,39-44) and destroyed (perhaps in 291 by consul L. Postumius Megellus: Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 16,4,5). Probably not to be identified with C. Ceritum (Ocritum?), where Hanno learned of the defeat at  Beneventum in 212 BC (Liv. 25,14,14). Plin. HN 3,108 lists C. among the ruined towns of the Aequiculi. CIL X p. 507, 5143-56. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 669 G. Devoto, Gli A…

[German version] Island in the Mare Tyrrhenum between Corsica and the Italian mainland (Plin. HN 3,80), probably Montecristo (province of Livorno), a granite outcrop (10.4 km2, alt. 645 m) to the south of Ilva; the Mons Christi inhabited by monks in the 6th cent. AD (Greg. M. Epist. 1,49). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography BTCGI 10, 320-324.

[German version] [1] see Mataurus see Mataurus Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] River in Italy (Liv. 27,47; Mataurus, Tab. Peut. 5,2). River rising in the Umbrian Apennines, flowing past Tifernum and Urbinum through the Ager Gallicus and into the Adriatic to the south of Fanum Fortunae, modern Metauro. In 207 BC it was on the M. that the battle between the Romans and Hasdrubal [3] took place. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography N. Alfieri, La battaglia del M., 1994.

[German version] Cape, forested in ancient times (Hor. Carm. 2,9,7; Hor. Epist. 2,1,202; Sil. 8,629), in Apulia on the eastern coast of Italy, isolated mountainous massif (1065 m high), called Ἀρίονος ὄρος/ Aríonos óros (‘Mountain of Arion’) in Scyl. 14, today Promontorio del Gargano. The MG was an important landmark for maritime navigation and for geographers. To the north were the Lacus Pantanus (modern Lago di Lesina) and the Sinus Urias (modern Lago di Várano) with Uria [3], off the coast the Insulae Diomedeae (modern Trem…

[German version] Town in Latium, probably near Antemnae, inhabited by Siculi and Aborigines; legend has it that Romulus captured and destroyed the town, then ruled by King Acro; Romulus was also supposedly the first to sacrifice   spolia opima to Jupiter Feretrius. There is documentary evidence for the Caeninenses sacerdotes in imperial Rome, but the town itself had disappeared at the latest by the time of Pliny the Elder (HN 3,68). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, 2, 560 Ruggiero, 2, 10.

[German version] Island in the mare Tyrrhenum, off the coast of Populonia (Αἰθάλη; Aithálē, Αἰθαλία; Aithalía: Hecat. FGrH 1 F 59; Ps.-Scyl. 6), modern Elba. The limḕn Argôios (λιμὴν Ἀργῷος) is supposed to have been founded by the  Argonauts (Str. 5,2,6; others trace the name back to the white colour of the beach). Settled since the Neolithic. I. was famous for its iron mines, which had been exploited since Etruscan times (smelting slag on Pithecussae and at Populonia). In 453 BC, I. was briefly occupied by Syracusae (Dio…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Venetic | Coloniae | Batavian Revolt Settlement of the Veneti in the lower reaches of the Piave, inhabited from the Bronze Age, linked to the Adriatic by a canal (Str. 5,1,8). O. was municipium of the tribus Papiria ( lex Iulia); later incorporated into the regio X Venetia. As a junction on the via Postumia, it was connected to the city of Concordia; today Oderzo, province of Treviso. O. took the side of Caesar against the Senate, and was rewarded with tax exemption. Archaeological remains: forum, domus with polychrome mosaics (…

[German version] Island in the mare Tyrrhenum near Ilva (Plin. HN 3,81). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Members of a community in the regio VI, called Sallentini in the Augustan list (Plin. HN 3,113), because in 266 BC they were deported to Umbria from Soletum in Calabria (Liv. Ep. 15; Eutr. 2,17). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, 1, 543 n. 2.

[German version]   Statio in  Etruria, between  Centumcellae and  Graviscae, by the sea (It. Ant. 498,5 f.), not located. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Township in Latium, municipium of the tribus Pomptina, colony of the Triumviri (Triumvirate), later abandoned owing to its unhealthy location on the edge of the Pomptinae paludes ( Ager Pomptinus ) at modern Sermoneta and Cisterna di Latina (Cic. Fam. 7,12,2; 7,18,3; Hor. Epist. 1,11,30;  Juv. 10,102; Plin.  HN 3,64; Porphyrio ad Hor. epist. 1,11,30). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, vol. 2, 637.

[German version] Tyrrhenian coastal river in Regio VII between Pisae and Luna [3], modern Vezza. It gave its name to the modern region of Versilia. Its location between Vada Volaterrana and Velinae (mistake for Velatrae, cf. Volaterrae), as recorded in Tab. Peut. 4,2, is incorrect. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria Town in Umbria ( regio VI) on the via Flaminia on the eastern edge of the plain of the Topino and Clitumno ( lacus Clitorius), modern Foligno (Perugia). Conquered by Rome in 295 BC, praefectura, later municipium, tribus Cornelia. Without walls F. suffered in the Perusinian War; the town was abandoned in the 5th cent. AD in favour of the hill of San Valentino di Civitavecchia. Iron Age and Roman remains: amphitheatre, arch, thermae near Santa Maria del Sasso, necropoleis near Santa Maria in Campis, villa (Palace of …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Coloniae | Coloniae | Latini, Latium City of the Rutuli in Latium on the via Ardeatina (Fest. 356,20), c. 4.5 km from the coast, c. 35.5 km from Rome, at the foot of   mons Albanus , today A. (previously Casalazzara and Pomezia). Linked with the legend of  Aeneas. Mentioned in the 1st Roman-Carthaginian treaty (Pol. 3,22,11); member of the  Latin League (Cato fr. 58); from 442 BC colonia Latina (Liv. 4,9-11); declined during the late republican period. Acropolis with remains from…

[German version] Chain of mountains; a continuation of the Alps from the Colle di Cadibona above Savona to the Straits of Messina, and forming the backbone of the Italian peninsula. Highest point is the Gran Sasso (2912 m) in the Abruzzi. The highest point of the Apuan mountains in  Liguria is the Auginus (today Cimone, 2165 m), a cult site, like Monte Guragazza above Felsina and Monte Falterona above Arezzo near the sources of the Arno; these mountain ranges divided regiones VII and VIII. The  Tiber has its source halfway up the chain in the territory of the Casuentini. Fu…

[German version] (Ῥουβίκων; Rhoubíkōn). River whose name, derived from its red colour, is probably preserved in Urgone (dialect form Rigone), a right tributary of the Pisciatello; the latter has its source in the Appennines, flows into the Adriatic 15 km north of Ariminum and today once again bears the name Rubicone. The R. replaced the Aesis in its role as the border river between Italy and the province of Gallia Cisalpina (Cic. Phil. 6,5; Str. 5,1,11; Plin. HN 3,115; App. B Civ. 2,35) in the time…

[German version] Vicus of the Sabini, ager Amiterninus, by the source of the Aternus (modern Pescara) on a rock spur (Str. 5,3,1), after 1204 Civitatomassa (Scoppito, L'Aquila). On a side road of the via Salaria (restored in AD 47 as the via Claudia Nova; CIL IX 5959; Tab. Peut. 5,5 erroneously Erulos), 13 miles after Interocrium (modern Antrodoco), 4 miles before Amiternum. Mentioned in 211 BC because of the passing of Hannibal (Liv. 26,11,11); tribus Quirina. Roman remains. Epigraphy: CIL IX p. 417-420; 4395-4435. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Filippi, s.v. F., EV 2…

[German version] I. Geography Central Italian people and the hilly and mountainous region (flysch in the north, Jurassic lime in the south) they inhabited. It is located in the drainage area of the upper and middle Tiber between the Etruscan Appennines and the Chiana Valley with a narrow access to the eastern coastal area. The mountains run from northwest to southeast, between them lie narrow, sparsely populated valleys and a few broader basins (Tiber Valley, the plain around Lake Trasimenus (Lacus …

[German version] Villa near Capena in the region of the Falisci which served as a statio on the via Flaminia between Rome and Ocriculum, 24 Roman miles from Rome (It. Ant. 124). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Coloniae | Latini, Latium City in Volsci territory on the Ufens (modern Ufente) river in the Ager Pomptinus , modern Sezze. Founded in 382 BC as a Latin colonia (Vell. 1,14), S. set itself against Rome in the Latin War in 340 (Liv. 8,3) and in the Second Punic War in 209 BC (Liv. 27,9; 29,15,5). In 198 BC slaves together with Carthaginian hostages and prisoners interned in S. revolted (Liv. 32,26,5-18). Parts of the city walls have survive…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | Latini, Latium | Oracles City in Latium ( Latini) on the Numicus, 4 km from the coast, modern Pratica di Mare. In order to create a new home for the Penates of Troy [1], L. was founded by Aeneas [1] according to the Augustan form of the myth and named after his wife Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus. L. is mentioned in the first treaty between Rome and Carthage (Pol. 3,22), was the place of exile of Tarquinius Collatinus [2] and the location of the sanctuary of the Latin League of which L. was a member. L. was a municipium and always p…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus Town of the  Hernici on a tufa outcrop, which dominates the Sacco valley; sanctuary near the acropolis (modern S. Cecilia; 7th cent. BC), a further one in the valley (Osteria della Fontana, Etruscan graffiti). Roman from 306 BC, first as   praefectura , then   municipium . Travertine walls in opus quadratum; thermae under the church of S. Chiara ( piscina preserved);   villae in the vicinity, of which one is ascribed to Cicero; imperial villa magna; catacombs. From AD 487 bishop's seat. The circus maritimus Anagninus was m…

[German version] [1] City in North-Etruria This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | | Coloniae | Regio, regiones | Rome | Rome City in North-Etruria, regio VII, on the right bank of the Arnus below  Faesulae, modern Florence. Settlement from the Villanova period [3]. Roman colony, possibly founded in the 40s or 30s of the first cent. BC (Tac. Ann. 1,79,1; [6. 1,213]), tribus Scaptia [5. 84]. The choice of site for its founding was made favourable by a ford over the Arnus, used from the time of the Villanova culture, where the via Cassia (It. Ant. 285; Tab. Peut. 4,2), the via Quinct…

[German version] Town in southern Etruria ( regio VII), attested in the 8th/6th cents. BC on an outlier of the Poggio San Francesco (305 m), modern Ferento, 9 km north of Viterbo, on an elevation between eastern tributaries of the Tiber. In the Roman period relocated to the Northeast on the other side of the river (306 m; Pianicara). Its territory was distributed under the Gracchi [1. 216]; municipium, tribus Stellatina. The gens Salvia as well as Otho (Tac. Hist. 2,50; Suet. Otho 1,1) and Flavia Domitilla (Suet. Vesp. 3) came from F. The town decayed in the late…