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al-S̲h̲arḳāwī

(343 words)

Author(s): Cachia, P.
, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, poète, nouvelliste et dramaturge égyptien, né à S̲h̲ibīn al-Kawm, Basse Egypte, le 10 novembre 1920. Il exerça la profession d’avocat entre 1943 et 1945, et fut employé par la suite au Ministère de l’Education jusqu’en 1956, mais il était actif aussi dans le journalisme à partir de 1945, s’élevant jusqu’à devenir directeur de la Fondation Rūz al-Yūsuf de 1971 à 1977. Il fut secrétaire-général du Conseil Suprême des Arts, de la Littérature et des Sciences Sociales de 1977 jusqu’à 1979. Il mourut le 10 novembre 1987. Deux minces volumes renferment ce qui nous est par…

Mawāliyā

(1,306 words)

Author(s): Cachia, P. | Réd.
(a., pl. mawāliyāt) ou mawāliyyā, et aussi mawālī et muwālayāt, ainsi que le terme mawwāl apparenté, doivent être étudiés dans trois situations: — 1. Sources écrites. Parmi les «sept arts» ( al-funūn al-sabʿa [voir Kān wa-kān], c’est-à-dire les genres poétiques post-classiques, dont le nombre est toujours porté à sept, même quant les listes ne sont pas identiques, le mawāliyā a l’honneur d’être placé immédiatement après le muwas̲h̲s̲h̲āḥ et le zad̲j̲al, du fait qu’il est composé sur un mètre classique dans une langue qui peut être littérale ou dialectale. Deux traditions en placent…

al-S̲h̲irbīnī

(372 words)

Author(s): Bencheneb, M. | Cachia, P.
, Yūsuf b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Ḏj̲awād b. Ḵh̲iḍr, homme de lettres égyptien du XIe/XVIIe siècle, auteur d’un ouvrage intitulé Hazz al-ḳuḥūf bi-s̲h̲arḥ ḳaṣīd Abī S̲h̲ādūf: «Le hochement des crânes (ou: L’agitation des rustres) dans le commentaire du poème d’Abū S̲h̲ādūf». Aucun biographe ne lui a consacré de notice. Al-S̲h̲irbīnī nous apprend lui-même qu’en 1075/1664-5 il parcourait les chemins du Ṣaʿīd à al-Ḳuṣayr, sur la Mer Rouge. Il cite parmi ses maîtres S̲h̲ihāb al-dīn Aḥmad b. Aḥmad b. Salāma al-Ḳalyūbī (m. fin s̲h̲awwāl 1069/juillet 1659), et Aḥmad b. ʿA…

Ṭāhā Ḥusayn

(1,412 words)

Author(s): Cachia, P.
(1889-1973): critique égyptien, essayiste, romancier, écrivain de nouvelles, historien, journaliste littéraire et politique, traducteur, rédacteur, éditeur et éducateur. 1) Sa formation. Il est né à ʿIzbat al-Kīlū près de Mag̲h̲āg̲h̲a dans le gouvernorat de Minyā, septième des treize enfants d’une famille de condition modeste. Il perdit la vue à l’âge de deux ans. Les possibilités locales dans le domaine de l’enseignement lui permirent d’acquérir un peu plus que la mémorisation du Ḳurʾān. En 1902, il fut envoyé à l’…

Ṭahā Ḥusayn

(1,404 words)

Author(s): Cachia, P.
(1889-1973): Egyptian critic, essayist, novelist, short story writer, historian, literary and political journalist, translator, editor, publisher and educator. (1) His formation. He was born in ʿIzbat al-Kīlū near Mag̲h̲āg̲h̲a in the governorate of Minyā, the seventh of thirteen children in a family of modest condition. At the age of two, he lost his eyesight. Local educational resources equipped him with little more than the memorisation of the Ḳurʾān. In 1902 he was sent to al-Azhar University under the care of an elder brother who ¶ was a disciple of its rector, Muḥammad ʿAbduh [ q.v.…

al-S̲h̲arḳāwī

(293 words)

Author(s): Cachia, P.
, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān , modern Egyptian poet, story-teller and dramatist, was born in S̲h̲ibīn al-Kūm, Lower Egypt, on 10 November 1920. He practised law from 1943 to 1945, and was subsequently employed in the Ministry of Education until 1956, but was also active in journalism from 1945, rising to the directorship of the Rūz al-Yūsuf Foundation 1971-7. He was Secretary-General of the Supreme Council for Arts, Literature and Social Sciences 1977-9. He died on 10 November 1987. Two slim volumes record his extant poetry, which is mostly from the 1940s. It is decidedly romantic o…

Mawāliyā

(1,280 words)

Author(s): Cachia, P. | Ed.
(a., pl. mawālīyāt ) or mawālīyyā , also reportedly mawālī and muwālayāt , a non-classical Arabic verse form. Together with the cognate mawwāl , this is best considered in three contexts. 1. In written sources. Among the “seven arts” al-funūn al-sabʿa [see kān wa-kān ])—non-classical verse forms are always made to number seven, although the lists are not identical—the mawāliyā is given pride of place next to the muwas̲h̲s̲h̲aḥ and the zad̲j̲al , on the ground that its metre is classical and its language either classical or colloquial. Two traditions place its beginnings in ʿIrāḳ in…

al-S̲h̲irbīnī

(325 words)

Author(s): Bencheneb, M. | Cachia, P.
, Yūsuf b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-D̲j̲awād b. K̲h̲iḍr, an 11th/17th-century Egyptian author best known for a work with the punning title of Hazz al-ḳuḥūf bi-s̲h̲arḥ ḳaṣīd Abī S̲h̲ādūf , “The shaking of skull-caps (or: the stirring of yokels) in commenting the poem of Abū S̲h̲ādūf.” It mentions that he went on Pilgrimage in 1075/1664-5, that the work was undertaken at the behest of the Imām Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Sandūbī, and that among his teachers was S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Aḥmad b. Salāma al-Ḳalyūbī (d. 1069/1659). The work is in two parts. The first abounds in anecdotes, often more s…