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1. BegriffH. war vom 16. bis zum 18. Jh. eine ursprünglich pejorative Bezeichnung für die franz. Reformierten (Calvinismus). Der Terminus geht wohl auf das seit 1520 belegte eyguenot (»Eidgenossen«) zurück und ist seit der Verschwörung von Amboise 1560 – neben der Benennung als Anhänger der »vorgeblich reformierten Religion« (franz. religion prétendue réformée, R.P. R.) – auch in offiziellen Texten zu finden, nachdem man zu Anfang die reformatorisch Gesinnten évangéliques oder luthériens genannt hatte.Irene Dingel2. Formierung der kirchlichen InstitutionBereits in den …

1. Concept “Huguenot” from the 16th to 18th centuries was the originally pejorative term for French Calvinists. It probably derived from eyguenot (“oath-companion, confederate”, cf. the German word for the Swiss,  Eidgenosse), attested from 1520. Reformation sympathizers were initially called évangéliques or  luthériens in official documents, but after the 1560 Amboise Conspiracy, the term “Huguenot” was also used, defined as followers of the “purportedly reformed religion” (French  religion prétendue réformée, R.P.R.).Irene Dingel 2. Establishment of c…

[English Version] (Rivetus), Andre´ (Andreas; 22.6.1572 St. Maixent – 7.1.1651 Breda), wurde nach seinem Studium an der ref. Akademie in Orthez, u.a. bei L. Daneau, sowie in La Rochelle 1595 Kaplan des Duc de la Trémouille und Pfarrer in Thouars. 1620 folgte er einem Ruf an die Universität Leiden. 1632 wurde er durch Friedrich Heinrich von Oranien als Erzieher seines Sohnes, des späteren Königs Wilhelm II., verpflichtet. Seine damit verbundene Tätigkeit als Rat und Hofprediger endete mit der Überna…

[English Version] Port-Royal, südlich von Versailles bei Chevreuse gelegen, wurde 1204 als Zisterzienserinnenkloster (Zisterzienser/Zisterzienserinnen) gegründet. Unter der Leitung von J.-M. Arnauld (3.), 1602 Äbtissin (Me`re Ange´lique), begann 1608 eine auf innere Heiligung und ernste Frömmigkeit zielende Reform des Klosters, die bald auch ihre Mutter und fünf Schwestern zum Eintritt bewegte, darunter die spätere Me`re Agne`s (1636 Äbtissin). 1625 wurde das Kloster wegen des ungesunden Klimas na…

[English Version] Postel, Guillaume (25.3.1510 Dolerie bei Barenton, Normandie – 6.9.1581 Paris), studierte in Paris und erwarb vielfältige Sprachenkenntnis. Seine Teilnahme an einer franz. Delegation nach Konstantinopel (1535–1537) brachte ihn in Berührung mit dem Arab. Zurückgekehrt, publizierte er nicht nur eine »Grammatik des Arab.« (ca.1538), sondern mit »Linguarum duodecim characteribus« (1538) auch eine vergleichende Sprachstudie, in der seine späteren Ideen bereits angelegt waren: Ableitung…

[English Version] (hugenottische Akademie). Entstehung, Aufstieg und Blüte der Akademie von S. sind eng mit dem Namen Ph. Duplessis-Mornays verbunden. Im März 1593 erhielt der Gouverneur von S. von König Heinrich IV. den ihn zur Gründung ermächtigenden Bescheid, der zus. mit dem Edikt von Nantes (1598; Hugenotten: I.,1.) die Voraussetzungen für die Einrichtung einer calvinistischen Ausbildungsstätte in jener zu den hugenottischen Sicherheitsplätzen gehörenden Stadt schuf. Die Akademie bestand aus …

[English Version] Pufendorf, Samuel Frhr. v. (8.1.1632 Dorfchemnitz – 26.10.1694 Berlin). Nach dem Besuch der Fürstenschule in Grimma (1645–1650) studierte P. 1650–1658 in Leipzig und Jena, bevor er eine Stelle als Hauslehrer bei dem schwedischen Gesandten Peter Julius Coyet in Kopenhagen antrat. Sein während dänischer Gefangenschaft (1658) vf., 1660 publiziertes und Karl Ludwig von der Pfalz gewidmetes Werk »Elementorum Jurisprudentiae Universalis libri duo« trug P. 1661 eine Berufung nach Heidelber…

[English Version] (1599). Das S. ist Zeugnis des Konfessionswechsels des Markgrafen Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach, eines der drei Söhne des Markgrafen Karl II., für die die Vormünder Kurfürst Ludwig von der Pfalz, Pfalzgraf Philipp Ludwig von Neuburg und Herzog Ludwig von Württemberg nach dessen Tod die Konkordienformel unterzeichnet hatten. Mit dem auf Schloß Staffort bei Durlach gedr. Buch, bestehend – in seiner weiteren Fassung – aus einer ablehnenden Stellungnahme zur Formula Concordiae un…

[German Version] (Dallaeus; Jan 1, 1594, Châtellerault – Apr 15, 1670, Paris), Reformed theologian. After studying philosophy in Châtellerault and Poitiers, Daillé turned to theology in 1612 in Saumur. As the tutor of the grandchildren of P. Duplessis-Mornay in Saumur, he became friends with the professors of the academy and traveled with his students through Western …

[German Version] (Nov 28, 1681, Ribaute-les-Tavernes – May 17, 1740, Chelsea). First a shepherd, then a baker's apprentice, Cavalier fled to Geneva in 1701 for faith reasons. Already in the following year, he stepped forward as a “prophet” and military leader of the Camisards who were secretly gathering in the Cévennes for armed resistance. While the counter-measures of the marshal of Montrevel proved ineffective, his successor Villars succeeded in subduing Cava…

[German Version] (Mar 25, 1510, Dolerie, near Barenton, Normandy – Sep 6, 1581, Paris) studied in Paris, where he became adept in many languages. His participation in a French delegation to Constantinople (1535–1537) brought him into contact with Arabic. On his return, he published not only a grammar of Arabic (c. 1538) but Linguarum duodecim characteribus (1538), a comparative study in which his later ideas were already laid out: the derivation of all languages from Hebrew, the need for Christian mission in the face ¶ of Islam, and knowledge of languages as an instrument for th…

[German Version] (Seigneur de Châtillon; Feb 16, 1519, Châtillon-sur-Loing – Aug 24, 1572, Paris) was admiral of France from 1552 onward, and governor of Picardy from 1555. A Calvinist sympathizer, he was captured by the Spanish at the battle of St. Quentin (1557) and held captive in the Netherlands. The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (Apr 3, 1559) enabled him to resume his diplomatic functions. By speaking out in defense of his persecuted co-religionists during the a…

[German Version] (Feb 24, 1591, Metz, France – Dec 28, 1669, Metz). After attending the Jesuit college in Metz, Ferry, from a leading Huguenot family (Huguenots) began his study of the liberal arts in 1607 ( artes liberales ) in La Rochelle and transferred in 1609 to Montauban, to study Protestant theology there until 1611. He was ordained a pastor in Metz on Jan 1, 1612. J.B. Bossuet attacked his Catéchisme général de la réformation et de la religion (1656), and the two were engaged in dialogue thereafter. Ferry eventually rejected Bossuet's attempts at denominational rapprochement. Ferr…

[German Version] (Philippe de Mornay, Seigneur du Plessis-Marly, Baron de La Forêt-sur-Sèvre; Nov 5, 1549, Buhy-en-Vexin – Nov 11, 1623, La Forêt-sur-Sèvre). After his studies – with P. Ramus and others – Duplessis-Mornay traveled through western Europe (1568–1572), on the basis of which he published a report in which he set out France's need for an anti-H…

[German Version] (Sep 1596, Bourgueil, Touraine – Jan 8, 1664, Saumur) studied law at Poitiers and theology at Saumur (1618–1621). In 1626, after a brief stay in London and an initial pastorate at St. Aignan, he became pastor and in 1633 professor at Saumur. His doctrine of hypothetical universalism ( Traité de la prédestination) provoked violent controversy. It is based on the principle that God wills the salvation of all, insofar as they have faith. God's will, however, is frustrated by hum…

[German Version] (Dec 16, 1647, Vassy – Oct 20, 1708, Berlin). Jacquelot succeeded his father as Protestant minister in Vassy; after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 (France: III, 1; Huguenots), he took refuge in Heidelberg. In 1686 he became pastor of the French congregation in The Hague. His Avis sur le tableau du socinianisme (1690) brought him into conflict with P. Jurieu, so that he withdrew to Basel. In 1702 he was called to Berlin by Frederick I; he served as court chaplain there until his death. In his writings, he argued with suc…

[German Version] (Feb 8, 1620, Caen – Jan 26, 1721, Paris). Huet was the early orphaned son of a Calvinist who converted to Catholicism. After attending the Jesuit College he studied law in Caen. He shared an interest in Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and geography with S. Bochart, whom he accompanied to the Swedish court in 1652. In 1668, he published a manuscript by Origen on the Gospel of Matthew, which he had discovered there. But he had already returned to Paris by 1653. In 1662, he founded an academ…

[German Version] (Andreas Rivetus; Jun 22, 1572, St. Maixent – Jan 1, 1651, Breda). After studying at the Reformed Academy in Orthez under L. Daneau and others, and in 1595 in La Rochelle, Rivet became chaplain to the de la Trémouille ducal house and minister in Thouars. In 1620 he accepted a call to Leiden University. In 1632 he was appointed by Frederik Hendrik of Orange to be the tutor of his son, the future King William II. His related activity as councillor and court preacher ended when he be…

[German Version] (Aug 24, 1572) refers to the massacre of the Huguenots in the night before Bartholomew's Day during the wedding festivities of the Protestant Henri de Navarre with the Catholic Marguerite de Valois (Parisian Blood Wedding). It was triggered by the attempted assassination of the leader of the Huguenots and admiral, G. de Coligny. The bloody terror in Paris …

[German Version] Port-Royal Abbey, south of Versailles near Chevreuse, was founded in 1204 as an abbey for Cistercian nuns (Cistercians). Under the leadership of J.-M. Arnauld, elected abbess in 1602 (Mère Angélique), a reform of the abbey dedicated to inward sanctification and serious piety began in 1608. The reform soon led her mother and her five sisters to join the abbey. One of her sisters was the later Mère Agnès, elected abbess in 1636. In 1625 the abbey moved to Paris on account of the unh…