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[German version] [1] Roman historian, 2nd cent. BC Roman historian of the late 2nd cent. BC (in Cic. Leg. 1,6 ordered after C. Fannius [I 1]); nothing is known of him as a person. His presumably annalistic work (Annalists) began with stories of the founding of Rome and the period of the kings (Origo gentis Romanae 20,1; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,15,1), but its scope and end point are unknown. Cicero felt the need of it in 46 BC in his literary work in Tusculum (Cic. Att. 12,3,1). Fr. in HRR I2 142 and [1]. Kierdorf, Wilhelm (Cologne) Bibliography 1 M. Chassignet (ed.), L'annalistique romain…

Italian gens name, recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Friend of Cn. Pompeius [I 3], provoked mockery by Cicero (Cic. Att. 6,1,25) in March of 50 BC for his travelling in an ostentatious style and his collecting miniature portraits of married women. Possibly identical to V. [II 4]. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) II.Imperial period [German version] [II 1] P. V. Antoninus Citizen of Ephesus of equestrian rank. Praefectus cohortis and tribunus militum Legionis I Italicae (IEph III 726; 726a). In Ephesus itself he was a prýtanis, and a grammateú…

Name of an Italian gens, attested in Setia (consequently Oscan? ILS 6130) and several trading towns. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] (P.) Lepta, Q. Friend of Cicero and his praefectus fabrum in Cilicia, 51-50 BC Friend of Cicero and his praefectus [7] fabrum in Cilicia 51-50 BC (Cic. Fam. 3,7,4; 5,20,4 et passim). Cic. Fam. 9,13,1-3 points to Cales in Campania as his homeland, where ILS 5779 must attest himself or a son (on the identity [1. 6]). P. often appears in Cicero's letters (e.g. as addressee of Fam. 6,18-19), for the last time in November 44 (Att. 16,15,3). Fündling, Jörg …

[German version] [1] V. Quadratus, C. From Sestinum (? cf. [1]), military tribune of Caesar in Gaul, primarily for 'commando raids', put to the test in the assault on Octodurus in 56 BC, as a scout before the landing in Britain in 55 and in the relief of Q. Tullius [I 11] Cicero in 53 (Caes. B Gall. 3,5,2; 4,21; 6,41,2 - the identity of this C. V. with Quadratus is widely accepted: MRR 3, 71). A mission by V., now praefect, to murder Commius in 52 failed; a second encounter of the enemies in 51 ended …

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T., L. In 67 BC, he was people’s tribune and, like L. Roscius [I 5] Otho, interceded against the lex Gabinia in the interest of the Senate (and of M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus?). A. Gabinius [I 2] initiated T.’ removal from office in the concilium plebis; T. gave way, when Gabinius needed only one more tribus ’ vote for a majority. Possibly from Latium, father of T. [I 2] ([1.267]). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] T. (Fides), L. People’s tribune in 47 BC, who gave himself a purposely devised cognomen (Cic. Phil. 6,11 et passim - or Cicero’s m…

Roman gentile name (from vel(l)a [1. 377]). [German version] [1] V., C. From Lanuvium (like Q. Roscius [I 4]: Cic. Nat. D. 1,79), Roman senator, perhaps thanks to L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla; no longer mentioned after c. 70 BC. Possibly (cf. MRR 2,474) identical to C. V., friend of L. Licinius [I 10] Crassus beginning c. 90 BC (Cic. De or. 3,78), senator not later than 77, representative of the Epicureans in Cicero (Nat. D. 1,15; 1,18-56). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] V., C. From Campania? [2. 383]; grandfather of [4]; in 52 BC, iudex selectus, later praef. fabrum of Cn. P…

Roman family name, from the frequent place name Luca. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L., M. Companion of Pompey Strabo before Asculum in 89 BC Young companion of Pompeius Strabo before Asculum in 89 BC (ILLRP 515, I. 10; Social Wars [3]), perhaps son of the legate Lucanus, named in Livy for the same year (Liv. Per. 75). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L., Q. Centurion of Caesar, fell in 54 BC as primus pilus Aduatuca Centurion of Caesar, fell in 54 BC as primus pilus in Aduatuca (Caes. B. Gall. 5,35,7). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] L. …

Italian nomen gentile, derived from Salvidius. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Q. S. Rufus Salvius Before Agrippa, Octavian's principal commander (second cognomen indication of adoption or standardized form of S.? [1. 375]), Roman knight (Vell. Pat. 2,76,4; legendary Cass. Dio 48,33,2), friend of the young Octavian (Augustus [1]) and his principal commander before Agrippa. S., then possibly an officer in Caesar's army [1. 398], was in Apollonia with Octavian in 45-44 BC and was his adviser after Caesar's d…

Name of an Italic gens of Etruscan origin [1. 93; 228]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] S., L. Senator in 63 BC, obtained evidence against the Catilinarian Manlius [I 1] Senator (from Etruria?) in 63 BC, who obtained evidence from Faesulae against the Catilinarian Manlius [I 1] (Sall. Catil. 30,1). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S., L. Consul suffectus, 30 BC Probably a son of S. [I 1], possibly recorded as a senator in 39 BC (MRR 3,34). In 30 he became cos. suff. with Octavian (Augustus: InscrIt 13,1,510), possibly as a reward for his services against…

Name of an Italian gens, a variant of Pacuvius [1. 476]. [German version] [1] Paquuius Rufus, Q. Legate of M. Antonius in 42 BC Legate of M. Antonius [I 9] in 42 BC, he conducted a colony of veterans to Philippi (MRR 2, 366). P. was presumably from Verulae (cf. NSA 1922, 253f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] Paquius Paquius Scaeva Senator in the Augustan Period From Histonium. He was presumably brought into the Senate by Octavian (Augustus). P.'s career, which is described in detail and reflects the still extant flexibility in the awarding of off…

(Μηνόδωρος; Mēnódōros). [German version] [1] Legate of C. Calvisius Sabinus, died 35 BC M. (according to Appian, elsewhere Mena(s), Μηνᾶς; Mēnâs), a freedman, previously perhaps a Cilician pirate, in about 40 BC S. Pompeius' admiral in the Tyrrhenian Sea. As an opponent of a settlement with the Triumviri (Plut. Antonius 32,6f.), M. defended Sardinia and Corsica. When Pompey threatened to strip him of his power at the instigation of his rival Menecrates [11], M. delivered the islands into the hands of Octavian in 38…

[German version] [1] Half-sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, 1st cent. BC Born in c. 100 BC, daughter of Q. Servilius [I 13] Caepio and Livia [1], half-sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato. In c. 85, she married M. Iunius [I 9] Brutus (d. in 77) and became the mother of the future murderer of Caesar, M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus. S.'s second husband, the lacklustre D. Iunius [I 30] Silanus with whom she had three daughters probably owed his consulate to her. The intelligent, independent and poised woman who remained close to Caesar even aft…

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Legate of Q. Cornificius [3] in Africa vetus, killed in 42 BC in the battle against T. Sextius [I 2] (App. B Civ. 4,228; 236). Perhaps the V. who was proscribed in 43 and fled ( ibid. 4,198). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V., P. Presumed father of V. [I 3]. Scholarship often saw him as an Italic leader in the Social War [3], settled in Asculum, where he was said to have died with the entire local nobility in 89 BC (Oros. 5,18,26; cf. CIL IX 5254: freedman of a P. V.). However, Ventidii…

(Ἰόβας; Ióbas, Ἰούβας; Ioûbas, Ἰόβα; Ióba). [German version] [1] King of Numidia, 1st cent. BC Born in c. 85 BC, died in 46 BC, king of Numidia, son and successor of Hiempsal. In 63 J. represented Numidian interests in Rome (Cic. Leg. agr. 2,59). In 62 he became the enemy of Caesar who protected  Masintha and pulled J.'s beard (Suet. Iul. 71; re his appearance [1; 2]). In 50 J. was already king, but not yet recognized by Rome [3. 126-128]. C.  Scribonius Curio demanded Numidia's annexation; the Senate rejected t…

Greek family name. [German version] [1] In 72 BC host of Verres, friend of Cicero L. of Lilybaeum. In 72 BC friend of Cicero, host of Verres who created a statue for him (Cic. Verr. 2,4,37). Cic. Fam. 13,34 is a letter of recommendation for L.'s son. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] Host of Cicero, Pompeian L. of Patrae. Host of Cicero, in 50 BC looked after his sick secretary Tiro (Cic. Fam. 16,4,1f.). L. was a Pompeian in the Civil War and in 46 or 45, after Caesar's victory, he asked for his pardon (13,19; 24). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [3] Greek bronze sculptor Greek bronze…

Ital. Gentilname, bezeugt in Setia (demnach oskisch? ILS 6130) und mehreren Handelsstädten. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] (P.) Lepta, Q. Freund Ciceros und sein praefectus fabrum in Cilicia 51-50 v. Chr. Freund Ciceros und sein praefectus [7] fabrum in Cilicia 51-50 v.Chr. (Cic. fam. 3,7,4; 5,20,4 u.ö.). Cic. fam. 9,13,1-3 deutet auf Cales in Campania als seine Heimat, wo ILS 5779 ihn selbst oder einen Sohn bezeugen muß (zur Identität [1. 6]). P. erscheint häufig in Ciceros Briefen (u.a. als Adressat von fam. 6,18-19), zuletzt im November 44 (Att. 16,15,3). Fündling…

[English version] [1] Schwester des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato Schwester des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, verheiratet mit L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus. Sie überlebte ihren 48 v. Chr. gefallenen Mann und starb hochgeachtet vor dem August 45; nach dem Vorbild des M. (Terentius?) Varro und eines Ollius widmete Cicero ihr ein Elogium (Att. 13,37,3; 48,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [2] Tochter des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, ca. 95-42 v. Chr. Tochter des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, ca. 95-42 v. Chr.; zuerst mit M. Calpurnius [I 5] Bibulus, in zweiter Ehe seit ca. 44 v. Chr. mi…

Griech. Familienname. [English version] [1] 72 v. Chr. Gastgeber des Verres, Bekannter Ciceros L. aus Lilybaion. 72 v.Chr. Bekannter Ciceros, Gastgeber des Verres, der ihm eine Statue abpreßte (Cic. Verr. 2,4,37). Cic. fam. 13,34 ist ein Empfehlungsschreiben für L.s Sohn. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [2] Gastfreund Ciceros, Pompeianer L. aus Patrai. Gastfreund Ciceros, pflegte 50 v.Chr. dessen erkrankten Sekretär Tiro (Cic. fam. 16,4,1f.). L. war im Bürgerkrieg Pompeianer und warb 46 oder 45 nach Caesars Sieg um dessen Verzeihung (13,19; 24). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) …

(Μηνόδωρος). [English version] [1] Legat des C. Calvisius Sabinus, gest. 35 v.Chr. M. (so Appianos; sonst Mena(s), Μηνᾶς), Freigelassener, vorher vielleicht kilikischer Pirat, um 40 v.Chr. Admiral des S. Pompeius im Tyrrhenischen Meer. Als Gegner des Ausgleichs mit den Triumvirn (Plut. Antonius 32,6f.) verteidigte M. Sardinien und Corsica. Als Pompeius ihn auf Betreiben seines Rivalen Menekrates [11] zu entmachten drohte, spielte M. 38 die Inseln dem Octavianus zu (App. civ. 5,78-80,330-337; ein Bezug zu CI…

Ital. Gentilname, aus Salvidius entwickelt. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Q. S. Rufus Salvius Vor Agrippa wichtigster Feldherr des Octavianus (zweites Cogn., Indiz einer Adoption oder normalisierte Form von S.? [1. 375]), röm. Ritter (Vell. 2,76,4; legendär Cass. Dio 48,33,2), Jugendfreund und vor Agrippa wichtigster Feldherr des jungen Octavianus (Augustus). S., vielleicht Offizier in Caesars Armee [1. 398], war 45-44 v. Chr. mit Octavian in Apollonia und beriet ihn nach Caesars Tod (Vell. 2,59,5;…