Search

Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Frateantonio, Christa" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Frateantonio, Christa" )' returned 50 results. Modify search

Sort Results by Relevance | Newest titles first | Oldest titles first

Pausanias, the Periegete

(520 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa
ca. AD 130–180; known as a Greek travel writer. Works Only one work is extant under the name of Pausanias, entitled Description of Greece. Manuscripts The work is transmitted in 24 manuscripts, none of them are older than the 15th cent.; they can be divided into three categories. Translations A Latin translation of the Greek edition was published. Works Greek Title Latin Title English Title Dating Brief Description 1 Περιήγησις τῆς Ἑλλάδος/Periḗgēsis tês Helládos Graeciae descriptio Description of Greece ca. 161–180 Interpretative description of Greece in 10 bks.; in regiona…

Pausanias [8], der Perieget

(467 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa
um 130 n.Chr. – um 180 n.Chr.; sog. griech. Reiseschriftsteller. Werke Unter dem Namen des Pausanias ist nur ein Werk, die Beschreibung Griechenlands, erhalten. Handschriften Das Werk ist in 24 Handschriften überliefert, die nicht älter als das 15. Jh. sind und sich in drei Klassen einteilen lassen. Übersetzungen Vor der griech. Ausgabe erschien eine lat. Übersetzung. Werke Werktitel griech. Werktitel lat. Werktitel dt. Datierung Kurzbeschreibung 1 Περιήγησις τῆς Ἑλλάδος/Periḗgēsis tēs Helládos Graeciae descriptio Beschreibung Griechenlands um 161–180 Deutende Beschreibu…

Superstitio

(666 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa
[English version] A. Einleitung Die Etym. von s. ist nicht eindeutig zu bestimmen (von superstes im übertragenen Sinne, “Übriggebliebenes” vom Opfer, oder von superstitiosus im Sinne von “wahr- oder weissagend”: Cic. nat. deor. 2,28,72). Sie ist für das Verständnis des Begriffes in verschiedenen Kontexten von keiner nennenswerten Relevanz [1. 387; 5. 633; 7. 101], da die ant. Diskurse auf unterschiedlichen s.-Konzepten basieren. Außerhalb von Rel. wird s. und superstitiosus bis in die Spätant. (und darüber hinaus) im Sinne von “unwissend/närrisch” (u. a. Plin…

Septimontium

(265 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa
[English version] Röm. Fest auf “sieben Hügeln”, am 11. Dezember gefeiert (= III ID. DEC.). Das S. wurde bereits in der Ant. mit der Gründung der Stadt Roma in Verbindung gebracht (Antistius Labeo bei Fest. p. 474; Paul. Fest. p. 459 L.; Plut. qu.R. 69). Die Hügel, für die feriae (“Feiertage”) galten (Palatin, Velia, Fagutal, Cermalus, Caelius, Oppius, Cispius) [2. 203 f.], waren nicht identisch mit den später kanonisch gewordenen “klass.” sieben Hügeln der Stadt. Die Idee einer proto-urbanen Besiedlung Roms auf den Hügeln d…

Superstitio

(772 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] A. Introduction The etymology of superstitio cannot be determined with any certainty (from superstes in the extended sense of the 'remains left' after a sacrifice, or from superstitiosus in the sense of 'telling fortunes or prophesying': Cic. Nat. D. 2,28,72). It is of no particular relevance for our understanding of the concept in different contexts [1. 387; 5. 633; 7. 101], as the discourse of ancient commentators is based on various concepts of superstitio. Outside the field of religion, into Late Antiquity (and beyond) superstitio and superstitiosus are used in…

Cave sanctuaries

(283 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] Cave sanctuaries existed in antiquity in two contexts in particular: firstly as ‘sacred caves’ of the Bronze Age and Neolithic cultures, as well as of the Minoan palace period in Crete, and secondly as ‘initiation caves’ in the archaic period and classical Greek periods, later also in the Roman West. The caves of Minoan Crete in particular have been relatively well researched. Fifteen caves are definitely confirmed there (incl. the caves of Skotinó at Knossos, and the caves of Vernapheto and Kamares), whilst it is assumed that ad…

Calata comitia

(306 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] Apart from the   comitia curiata the earliest form of the Roman people's Assembly convened by the   pontifices twice yearly [1. 215] (about 6th-4th cents. BC). The calata comitia (CC) take their name from the word calare (‘to call’; cf. Fest. p. 251 s.v. procalare) that was common in priestly language etc. in conjunction with the ‘proclamation’ of the dies fasti ( Calendar) [2. 312]. The sources have passed down to us the occasions for the convening of the CC -- the   inauguratio of the rex (later of the rex sacrorum) and the so-called ‘great Flamines’ of Rome (Gell. …

Mola salsa

(139 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] A mixture of spelt groats and brine that was prepared by the Vestal Virgins (e.g. Varro in Non. 223) and used as a sacrificial offering in Roman cult; in the sacra publica , it was sprinkled on the sacrificial animal by the magistrate or priest as part of the immolatio (cf., for example, Cic. Div. 2,37, Serv. Aen. 2,133 and 4,57). The spelt ears from the new harvest were presented to the Vestal Virgins between the 7th and 14th of May, then dried, pounded and ground. The ground spelt was then made into mola salsa by adding the brine during the Lupercalia and Vestalia (Vesta…

Dedicatio

(171 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] (from dedicare, ‘dedicate/consecrate’). In Latin texts (inscriptions and literature) the most frequent expression for the transfer of objects and property (plots of land, temples, altars, votive offerings) to a divinity. The term was used in connection with private as well as official  dedications (private i.a. Suet. Vit. 7,10,3 and Dig. 24,1,5,12; official i.a. Suet. Tib. 3,40,1 and Dig. 1,8,6,3). The distinction between private and official dedicatio resided in the fact that in the case of official dedication the object or item of property ac…

Consecratio

(544 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] Verbal noun of consecrare, ‘to dedicate, to declare as sacrum’; a legal act by magistrates -- often together with  pontifices -- in which the consecrated object was withdrawn from worldly/human use. A specifically Roman procedure, since in Roman understanding temples, cult images, altars and cult instruments did not have an ‘autogenous’ sacred quality. A differentiation by content between consecratio and   dedicatio is occasionally alleged for the Republican period (e.g. [1. 399]), but the two terms were used synonymously…

Bacchanal(ia)

(634 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] In its oldest source, the   senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus from 186 BC, the Latin word bacchanal is used in the singular to designate a place of cult worship (Schuhmacher, Roman Inscription II 11). In the plural, it designates religious groups and cult rituals (Macrob. Sat. 1,18,1-5). The term bacchanal is based on a cult name of  Bacchus, the Greek Dionysus, or rather his offshoot Pacha, epithet of the Etruscan god Fufluns who was identified with Dionysus [1. 127] (detailed history of the term [6. 24f.]). It is controversial what type of cult place a bacchanal could …

Promanteia

(156 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] (προμαντεία/ promanteía). Privilege, first awarded in recognition of special merits in the 5th cent. BC by Delphi to cities (Plut. Pericles 21,2), and from the early 4th cent. also to individuals (Syll.3 155; FdD 3,4,9), conveying precedence when questioning the oracle of Apollo (cf. Hdt. 1,54 on the - probably unhistorical - promanteía of Croesus). From the 4th cent. on, the promanteía was often awarded along with other political privileges, esp. the proxenía (inscriptions from the 5th to 1st cents. BC, e.g., in FdD 3,1-6). The promanteía of Delphi attests both to…

Grotto

(425 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] The word grotto is borrowed from Greek kryptós (‘concealed, hidden’; Italian grotta, French grotte). Grotto is occasionally used as a synonym for cave but it mostly describes in particular caves with natural or artificially irrigation. In religious history grottos appear in the following contexts: 1. Grotto sanctuaries of the prehistoric period: here it is worth mentioning the cult sites of north-western European peoples that were situated in grottos and often painted with religious and mythol…

Feronia

(460 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] Name of a goddess with several cult-places in central Italy, which were all located outside of municipal centres, as well as a sacred spring in Aquileia. The etymology of her name is as uncertain as the origins of the cult. In line with Varro, Ling. 5,74, modern scholars assume that F. was a Sabine deity. In contrast with earlier assumptions, Etruria is now generally rejected as the cult's place of origin [1. 309; 2. 407]. The archaeological findings in particular support the noti…

Septimontium

(293 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] Roman festival on 'seven hills', celebrated on December 11 (= III ID. DEC.). Already in Antiquity, the S. was associated with the foundation of the city of Rome (Antistius Labeo in Fest. p. 474; Paul. Fest. p. 459 L.; Plut. Quaest. Rom. 69). The hills to which feriae ('holidays') applied (Palatinus, Velia, Fagutal, Cermalus, Caelius, Oppius, Cispius) [2. 203 f.] were not identical to the 'classical' seven hills of the city which subsequently became canonical. The idea of a proto-urban settlement of Rome on t…

Nutrix

(171 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] (plural Nutrices). Latin name of female deities who, as wetnurses, were nurturers and protectors of divine or human children. Three areas can be distinguished: (1) in myth, e.g. as a nurse of Jupiter (Amaltheia [1], Ov. Fast. 5,127), also metonymically as ‘nurturing mother earth’ (Hor. Carm. 1,22); (2) in the cult in and around Poetovio, where two shrines and numerous reliefs and inscriptions consecrated to the Nutrices Augustae were found [1]; the iconography shows seated female deities (individually or as a group) who are nursing children or to…

Harioli

(186 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] The etymology and meaning of the term harioli are not clear: harioli is either a diminutive formation of haruspexHaruspices ) or it is derived from Latin ara (‘altar’) [1. 886]. In ancient Rome, persons were referred to as harioli, who were knowledgeable in the various forms of  divination and who told fortunes for private persons. Since the term is always used in a derogatory sense (e.g. Cato Agr. 5,4; Catull. 90,2; in the comedy amongst others Plaut. Cist. 746; Plaut. Men. 76; Plaut. Mostell. 571 and 791; Plaut. …

Promantis

(136 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[German version] (πρόμαντις/ prómantis). Greek term for women or men who spoke oracles on behalf of gods. At Delphi (cf. Apollo), the word prómantis was often used as a synonym for the Pythia [1] (e.g. Hdt. 7,141; Paus. 3,4,3 ff.). In literary sources, the term is also used for prophetic figures of other oracles, e.g. in Patara/Lycia (Hdt. 1,182) and by Lake Copais/Thebes (Hdt. 8,135). No specific forms of divination can be associated with the term prómantis [1. 224 ff.]; however, on various occasions literary reports refer to trance-like states in which the prómantis utters the oracle,…

Dedicatio

(162 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[English version] (von dedicere, “[ein]weihen”). In den lat. Texten (inschr. und lit.) häufigste Bezeichnung für die Übereignung von Gegenständen und Immobilien (Grundstücke, Tempel, Altäre, Votivgaben) an eine Gottheit. Der Terminus wurde sowohl im Bereich der privaten als auch offiziellen Weihungen verwendet (privat u.a. Suet. Vit. 7,10,3 und Dig. 24,1,5,12; offiziell u.a. Suet. Tib. 3,40,1 und Dig. 1,8,6,3). Der Unterschied zwischen privater und offizieller d. bestand vor allem darin, daß bei der offiziellen Weihung der Gegenstand oder die Immobilie den Status einer res s…

Grotte

(395 words)

Author(s): Frateantonio, Christa (Gießen)
[English version] Das Wort G. ist sprachlich dem griech. kryptós (“verborgen, versteckt”; it. grotta, frz. grotte) entlehnt. G. wird gelegentlich syn. zu Höhle gebraucht, bezeichnet aber meistens speziell Höhlen mit natürlicher oder künstlich geschaffener Bewässerung. Rel.geschichtlich sind G. in folgenden Kontexten faßbar: 1. G.-Heiligtümer der vor- und frühgeschich. Zeit: Hier sind zum einen die in G. gelegenen, vielfach mit rel.-myth. Motiven von der Jagd ausgemalten Kultplätze nordwesteurop. Völker z…
▲   Back to top   ▲