Search

…

Hauser, Stefan R. (Berlin) [German version] A. Concept and Contents (CT) Archaeology is concerned with all aspects of human life in the past. Primarily it makes use of material remains which, for most of human history, from the Paleolithic to modern times, represent the only evidenc…

(Κτησιφῶν; Ktésiphôn). [German version] [1] Athenian, supporter of Demosthenes [2], 2nd half of the 4th cent. BC Athenian, son of Leosthenes from Anaphlystus, supporter of  Demosthenes [2], whom he had successfully, though technically pre-empting official endorsement ( Euthynae), proposed in 337/6 for a crowning.  Aeschines [2] lodged a protest against this that was unambiguously rejected in 330 at the ‘crown trial’ (Aeschin. In Ctes.; Dem. Or. 18; Plut. Mor. 840C and 846A). C. was also one of the emissaries to queen Cleopatra in Epirus (Aeschin. In Ctes. 242). Engels, Johannes (C…

Hauser, Stefan R. (Berlin) [German version] A. Concept (CT) Traditionally the term 'Orientalism' has denoted the study of the languages, cultures or religions of the Orient. Depending on the context, 'Orient' can refer to a concrete or abstract region east of the current geographical location or east of what is generally defined as 'the West' (Occident). The Orient is commonly understood to comprise the countries of Asia as far as Japan; in the narrower sense, however, it refers to the region extending f…

[German version] [1] City on the Tigris This item can be found on the following maps: Writing | Urarṭu | Ḫattusa | Mesopotamia …

[German version] I. Definition Funerary architecture (FA) refers to architectonically designed structures built above the contemporary ground level for t…

[German version] (Amm. Marc. 25,7,9; Syriac Beth Zabde). Southern Armenian region where the Tigris emerges from the Taurus mountains. In AD 298, Z. became the most easterly province of the Roman Empire (Petrus Patricius Fr. 14 FHG 4, 189: Ζαβδικηνή/ Zabdikēnḗ) and in 363 was returned - together with e.g. Nisibis and four other regiones Transtigritanae/'regions beyond the Tigris' (Arzanena, Moxuena, Rehimena and Corduena; Limes VI with map) - to the Sassanids (Amm. Marc. ad loc.). Z. was then an administrative unit ( rōstāg) of the Sassanid distric…

[German version] A. General After a person's death the treatment and taking of his body to a particular place called grave ( Funerary architecture), mostly connected with death rituals. Burial customs varied depending on the society's religious concepts and particularly the concepts of  afterlife and the (social) status of the deceased or those organizing the burial. The main types of burial are inhumation or cremation (ash burial). There is also evidence of individual cases from the Neolithic Peri…