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Kaiser, Wolfgang (Munich) A. Late Antiquity (CT) [German version] 1. Codex Florentinus (CT) The parchment manuscript in Florence from Late Antiquity--Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana (Codex Florentinus; Codices latini antiquiores III 295)--constitutes the authoritative textual record of Digesta transmission [1; 4; 5; 6; 7]. Along with the text of the Digesta, it contains the accompanying constitutions of Justinianus, the index auctorum and index titulorum (with a Greek epigram). At present, the manuscript (366 x 320 mm) is divided into two volumes (translat…

Kaiser, Wolfgang (München) RWG A. Spätantike (RWG) [English version] 1. Codex Florentinus (RWG) Den maßgeblichen Textzeugen der D.-Überlieferung stellt die spät-ant. Pergament-Hs. in Florenz, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana (Codex Florentinus; Codices latini antiquiores III 295) dar [1; 4; 5; 6; 7]. Sie enthält die begleitenden Konstitutionen Justinians, index auctorum und index titulorum (mit griech. Epigramm) sowie den D.-Text. Heute teilt sich die Hs. (366 x 320 mm) in zwei Bände (mit beigebundenen Übers. griech. Texte durch Leonzio Pilato);…

[German Version] The 16 books of the Codex Theodosianus contain constitutions of the Christian emperors from 312 to 437, including civil, administrative, and ecclesiastical law. Published for the East by Theodosius II (408–450) on Feb 15, 438, it was adopted for the West in the same year by Valentinian III (425–455). On Jan 1, 439, the code came into force for the entire Empire. Its authority was preemptive: for the period covered, the original constitutions beca…

[German Version] At the beginning of the year 528, emperor Justinian I (527–565) appointed a commission of high-ranking government officials to collect in a single code, arranged by subject, all the imperial constitutions already contained in earlier collections (Codex Gregorianus, Codex Hermogenianus, Codex Theodosianus) or issued subsequently; the new collection was to bear his name. The commission was directed to edit and unify the legal material by eliminating unnecessary ¶ and obsolete material from the constitutions and resolving contradictions. Textu…

1. Unity and diversityIt is arguable whether the Mediterranean world can be thought of as a single entity throughout the early modern period. The variegations in cultural geography, for example between mountain and coastal regions, with which the French historian Fernand Braudel operates [11. vol. 1], emphasize the peculiar diversity of a region that, ever since antiquity, had been considered a single cultural bloc in spite of religious and political differences. What is regarded today as the typical “Mediterranean” flora is, with the …

1. Einheit und VielfaltOb die M. W. für die Periode der Nz. als Einheit begriffen werden kann, ist unklar. Die kulturgeographischen Unterscheidungen, etwa zwischen Berg- und Küstenregionen, mit denen der franz. Historiker Fernand Braudel operiert [11. Bd. 1], unterstreichen die besondere Vielfalt einer seit der Antike über religiöse und politische Unterschiede hinweg als kulturelle Einheit gedachten M. W. Die heute als typisch »mediterran« geltende Flora ist – abgesehen von Getreide, Öl-Baum und Wein – das Ergebnis eines seit der…