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Bārūd

(16,103 words)

Author(s): Colin, G.S. | Ayalon, D. | Parry, V.J. | Savory, R.M. | Khan, Yar Muhammad
i. — general In Arabic, the word nafṭ (Persian nafṭ) is applied to the purest form ( ṣafwa ) of Mesopotamian bitumen ( ḳīr —or ḳārbābilī ). Its natural colour is white. It occasionally occurs in a black form, but this can be rendered white by sublimation. Nafṭ is efficacious against cataract and leucoma; it has the property of attracting fire from a distance, without direct contact. Mixed with other products (fats, oil, sulphur etc.) which make it more combustible and more adhesive, it constituted the basic ingredient of “Greek fire”, a liquid incendiary compo…

Bārūd

(16,027 words)

Author(s): Colin, G. S. | Ayalon, D. | Parry, V. J. | Savory, R. M. | Khan, Yar Muhammad
I. — Généralités. En arabe, le mot nafṭ (persan naft) s’applique à la forme la plus pure ( ṣafwa) du bitume de Mésopotamie ( ḳīr – ou ḳārbābilī). Il est naturellement ¶ blanc. On en rencontre parfois du noir que l’on peut blanchir en le sublimant. Le nafṭ est efficace contre la cataracte et le leucome; il a la propriété d’attirer le feu à distance, sans contact immédiat. Mélangé à d’autres produits (graisses, huile, soufre, etc.) qui le rendent plus comburant et plus adhésif, il constituera l’élément essentiel du «feu grégeois», composition incendiaire liquide …