Search

…

1. Biblical Foundations 1.1. Terms The Gk. noun koinōnia and related words—with the root meaning “(have in) common, communal; have a share or part (in something); go partners in”—occurs some 119 times in the Bible (J. Reumann). There is no corresponding term in Hebrew, little of significant use in the LXX, and no use by Jesus. The background of this word lies in secular Greek, where it meant, for example, “(business) partner” (Luke 5:10) or “possessions held in common” (see Acts 2:44–45; 4:32). In Latin, communio, with its many meanings, was the usual equivalent of koinōnia, although sometimes societas was used. English renderings vary. For just the last sentence of 2 Corinthians, two versions use four different terms in the text and margin: “fellowship” and “participation in” (13:14 RSV), and “commun…

[English Version] I. Inhalt und Probleme Paulus und Timotheus (2,19–23) schließen sich im Phil dem Briefschema (Brief) der Zeit an: Präskript 1,1f.; Gebet(sbericht) 1,3–11; Korpus (Neuigkeiten über Paulus: 1,12–26; über die Philipper: 1,27ff., bes. die Paränese und fürsorgliche Mahnungen in 1,27–2,5; 2,12–18; 3,2f. 15–17; 4,1–9); Grüße und Segenswunsch 4,21–23. Die rhetorischen Analysen weichen voneinander ab. Einige Abschnitte sind epideiktisch, andere symbuleutisch; Paulus spricht als »Freund zu Freunden«. Der Phil kann jedoch nicht …

[German Version] I. Content and Problems Paul (Paul, Saint) and Timothy (Timothy, Saint; 2:19–23) in Philippians follow the fo…

1. NT Usage and Background The Gk. noun kērygma means “proclamation, what is heralded aloud.” There are eight occurrences in ¶ the NT, six of them in Paul (1 Cor. 1:21, preaching, the apostle’s priority; 2:4, Christ crucified; 15:14; Rom. 16:25; 2 Tim. 4:17; Titus 1:3) and two in the Synoptics, plus “the sacred and imperishable proclamation of eternal salvation” in the shorter ending of Mark. Some scholars stress not just what is preached but the dynamic action of proclaiming (C. F. Evans; R. H. Mounce, Essential Nature, 64, “content in the act of being proclaimed”). The verb kēryssō, …

1. OT 1.1. Term The Heb. root ṣdq is as comprehensive in meaning as the Eng. “right(eous),” Ger. (ge)recht, Gk. nomos, or Lat. ius (Law). It embraces, besides the narrower legal sense of justice, judgment, and standard for what is right (Ger. Gericht, Rechts-norm), the wider ethicosocial sphere of wholesome and salutary relationships. The masc. ṣedeq denotes a state of beneficently ordered relationships between people or between people and God; the fem. ṣĕdāqâ refers to conduct that corresponds to this state or promotes it; the verb ṣdq describes the related action…

[German Version] I. History of Religions – II. Bible – III. Church History – IV. Systematics – V. Practical Theology – VI. Law – VII. Judaism – VIII. Islam I. History of Religions The term confession refers to various phenomena, including the confession of faith and of sin. A confession of faith can be understood as an officially sanctioned, formulaic summary of the central doctrines of a religious or a confessional community (“denomination”). Recited in cultic procedures and/or in everyday piety, i…