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Dawlatābād

(1,363 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H. K. | J. Burton-Page
, forteresse située sur une colline (19° 57′ de lat. N. et 75° 15′ de long. E.) à 16 ḳm. au N.-O. d’Awrangābād, maintenant dans l’État de Mahārās̲h̲tra; à l’époque pré-islamique, on l’appelait Deogiri (proprement Devagiri) «la Colline de Dieu». C’était la capitale des Yādavas, à l’origine vassaux des Čalūkyas de l’Ouest, mais indépendants depuis 1183, qui continuèrent de Deogiri à gouverner ce territoire. ʿĀlāʾ al-dīn, neveu de Sulṭān Ḏj̲alāl al-dīn Fīrūz Ḵh̲ald̲j̲ī de Dihlī, poussé par les réci…

Maḥmūd Gāwān

(1,847 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H. K.
, Ḵh̲wād̲j̲ā ʿImād al-dīn, ministre bahmanide, dans le Sud de l’Inde, de 862 à 887/1458-82. Né en 813/1411 (al-Sak̲h̲āwī, Ḍawʾ, X), il arriva à Bīdar [ q.v.], capitale du royaume bahmanide, à l’âge de 43 ans. Sa famille avait occupé de hautes fonctions au Gīlān, sur le littoral de la Caspienne, mais elle était tombée en disgrâce, et Mahmūd avait été obligé de quitter son pays natal. Après avoir erré de ville en ville, il parvint finalement au port bahmanide de Dābul, avec l’intention de faire du commerce. De Dābul, il se…

Bahmanides

(2,906 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H. K. | Burton-Page, J.
, lignée de 18 sultans musulmans qui régnèrent, ou revendiquèrent le pouvoir, au Deccan, de 748 à 933/1347-1527, après qu’un groupe de nobles musulmans, conduits par Ismāʿīl Muk̲h̲, se furent révoltés, avec succès, contre le sultan de Dihlī, Muḥammad b. Tug̲h̲luḳ. Le plus fort, Ḥasan Gāngū, supplanta Ismāʿīl et fut proclamé sultan sous le nom de Sulṭān ʿAlāʾ al-dīn Ḥasan Bahman S̲h̲āh (sur l’origine de ce dernier, voir ¶ Major W. Haig, Some Notes on the Bahmani Dynasty, dans ASB, LXXIII, Pt. 1 (n° spécial) 1904, 463; Proceedings of Indian History Congress, 1938, 304-8; H. K. Sherwani, Gangu…

Banganapalle

(442 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H. K.
, petit État de l’Inde méridionale, avant sa fusion avec l’État de Madras en 1948. Il avait pour particularité d’être le seul État au Sud du Tungabhadra gouverné par un chef musulman, qui appartenait en l’occurrence à la foi shīʿite. En 1948, il avait une superficie de 712 km2 (275 milles carrés) et une population de 44 631 habitants. L’État s’étendait entre les latitudes 15° 3´ et 15° 29´ N. et les longitudes 77° 59´ et 78° 22´ E. Banganapalle a eu une histoire mouvementée. La famille régnante prétend descendre d’un ministre de S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās II de Perse du côté paternel, …

Golkond́ā

(1,219 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K.
, appelée ensuite Muḥammadnagar par le sultan Muḥammad Ḳulī Ḳuṭb al-mulk, fondateur de la dynastie des Ḳuṭb S̲h̲āhides [ q.v.], est un fórt situé sur un colline à huit kilomètres environ à l’Ouest de Ḥaydarābād [ q.v.] au Deccan (17 23′ N., 78° 24′ E.). La colline s’élève majestueusement au milieu d’une vaste plaine pierreuse; le site se prête particulièrement à la construction de fortifications, étant donné que le sommet, appelé Ḅālā Ḥisār ou acropole, s’élève à plus de 130 m. au-dessus du niveau de la plaine et domine toute la r…

Bīdar

(1,763 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K. | Burton-Page, J.
, district dans l’Inde du Centre-ouest («le Deccan» [ q.v.]) et capitale de ce district à 17° 55’ de lat. N. et 77° 32’ de long. E.; population de plus de 15 000 habitants, à 130 km. au Nord-ouest de Ḥaydarābād à partir de laquelle elle est aisément accessible par route et par chemin de fer. On fait maintenant peu de cas de l’identification de Bīdar avec l’antique Vidarbha ( Ferishta de Brigg, II, 411; cf. G. Yazdani, Bīdar: its history and monuments, Oxford 1947, 3). Bīdar était comprise dans le royaume čālukya de Kalyān (IVe-VIe/Xe-XIIe siècles), mais elle était aux mains des Kākatīyās …

Dakhan

(899 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K.
(Deccan), mot dérivé du sanscrit daks̲h̲iṇa-«(main) droite», d’où «Sud», puisque les aires de vent étaient déterminées par le soleil levant. La ligne conventionnelle séparant le Nord du Sud de l’Inde est formée par les éperons Sud-ouest des Vindhyas ainsi que par leur continuation, les Satpuŕās; l’Inde péninsulaire au Sud de cette ligne est en outre usuellement divisée en Deccan proprement dit (jusqu’au Tungabhadra) et Sud de l’Inde (à droite jusqu’à l’extrémité méridionale de la péninsule). Du point…

Bīdar

(1,636 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K. | Burton-Page, J.
, a district in south-central India (the ‘Deccan’, [ q.v.]), and the headquarters town of that district, lat. 17° 55ʹ N., long. 77° 32ʹ E., population over 15,000, 82 miles north-west of Ḥaydarābād from which it is easily accessible by road and rail. The identification of Bīdar with the ancient Vidarbha (Briggs’s Ferishta , ii, 411) is now discounted, cf. G. Yazdani, Bidar : its history and monuments, Oxford 1947, 3. Bīdar was included in the Čālukya kingdom of Kalyāń, 4th-6th/10th-12th centuries, but was in the hands of the Kākatīyās of Warangal when conquered…

Bahmanīs

(2,732 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K. | Burton-Page, J.
A line of eighteen Muslim sultans who ruled, or claimed to rule, in the Deccan from 748-933/1347-1527, after a group of Muslim nobles led by Ismāʿīl Muk̲h̲ had successtally rebelled against the sultan of Dihlī, Muḥammad b. Tug̲h̲luḳ. The more vigorous Ḥasan Gangu supplanted Ismāʿīl and was proclaimed Sulṭān ʿAlā al-Dīn Ḥasan Bahman S̲h̲āh. (On the latter’s origin see Major W. Haig, Some Notes on the Bahmanī Dynasty , A SB LXXIII Pt. 1 (Extra No.) 1904, 463; Proceedings of Indian History Congress , 1938, 304-8; H. K. Sherwani, Gangu Bahmani , in Journal of Indian History

Banganapalle

(431 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K.
, a small state in south India prior to its merger in the Madras State in 1948. It had the distinction of being the solitary State south of the Tungabhadra ruled by a Muslim chief, in this case belonging to the S̲h̲īʿī persuasion. In 1948 it had an area of 275 sq. m. and a population of 44,631. The State lay between latitudes 15° 3′ and 15° 29′ N. and longitudes 77° 59′ E. and 78° 22′ E. Banganapalle has had a chequered history. The ruling family claims descent from a minister of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās II of Persia on the paternal, and from a minister of the Emperor ʿĀlamgīr on th…

Dakhan

(933 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K.
(deccan). This word is derived from the Sanskrit word daks̲h̲iṇa ‘right (hand)’, hence ‘south’, since the compass points were determined with reference to the rising sun. The conventional line dividing north India from the south is formed by the south-western spurs of the Vindhyas along with their continuation called the Satpuŕās; peninsular India to the south of this line is usually further divided into (i) Deccan proper, extending up to the Tungabhadra, and (…

Dawlatābād

(1,298 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K. | J. Burton Page
, a hill fort lat. 19° 57′ N., long. 75° 15′ E., ten miles N.-W. of Awrangābād, now in Mahārās̲h̲tra State, was called Deogiri (properly Devagiri), “the Hill of God”, in pre-Muslim times as the capital of the Yādavas, originally feudatories of the Western Čālukyas but independent since 1183 A.D., after which they continued to rule the territory from Deogiri independently. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn, nephew of Sulṭān D̲j̲alāl al-Dīn Fīrūz K̲h̲ald̲j̲ī of Dihlī, actuat…

Barīd S̲hāhīs

(1,186 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K. | J. Burton-Page
A dynasty founded by Ḳāsim Barīd, who was originally a Turkish slave sold to Muḥammad S̲h̲āh III, the 13th of the line of the Bahmanids [ q.v.]. A man of outstanding personality, a good calligrapher and musician, he also proved his mettle on the battlefield and rose to be the kotwal in the reign of Maḥmūd S̲h̲āh, and after the death of Malik Ḥasan Niẓām al-Mulk, arrogated to himself the office of chief Minister of the tottering Bahmanī State. He had often to contend with the more powerful fiefholders of the Kingdom who had…

Golkond́ā

(1,158 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K.
, renamed Muḥammadnagar by Sulṭān Ḳulī Ḳuṭb al-Mulk, the founder of the Ḳuṭb S̲h̲āhī [ q.v.] dynasty, a hill fort about five miles west of Ḥaydarābād (Deccan) [ q.v.], is situated in 17° 23′ N., 78° 24′ E. The hill rises majestically in a vast boulderstrewn plain. The site is a natural one for the construction of fortifications, as the summit, ¶ called Bālā Ḥiṣār or acropolis, is about four hundred feet above ground level and commands the whole countryside. The name, Golkondā, is derived from two Telugu words, golla (shepherd) and kond́a (hill). There is no doubt …

Maḥmūd Gāwān

(1,948 words)

Author(s): Sherwani, H.K.
, K̲h̲wād̲j̲ā ʿImād al-Dīn , Bahmanī minister in South India during the years 862-87/1458-82. He was born in 813/1411 (al-Sak̲h̲āwī, al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʿ , x), and arrived at Bīdar [ q.v.] the capital of the Bahmanī kingdom [ q.v.] at the age of 43. His family had held high office in Gīlān in the Caspian coastlands, but it had fallen into disgrace and Maḥmūd had been compelled to leave the land of his birth. After wandering from place to place, he at last reached the Bahmanī port of Dābul with the intention of entering the profession o…