Nippold, O. Keywords: Public international law | Legal history | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Histoire du droit | ABSTRACT In the introduction to his course, O. Nippold emphasizes that for the historical study of international law, space and time play a role as insignificant as religious, political, and other considerations, or as the differences in civilization. From this point of view, the historical examination carried out by O. Nippold does not set any limitations at all. Indeed, international law re…

S. Reeves, Jesse Keywords: States | Relations | Public international law | Mots clefs: Etats | Relations | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Jesse Reeves proposes in this course to examine the nature of the International Community. In an effort to bear in mind the very facts of international life, the author sought the fundamental data or major principles that enabled him to establish a valid hypothesis, at least in the field of international law. After observations on the method employed, the author examines Grot…

Verdross, Alfred Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Alfred Verdross recalls in the introduction to his course that in the first course taught at the Academy of international law, A. Korff demonstrated that international law is not a relatively recent outcome of modern civilization. On the contrary, historical research, writes Verdross, proves that the Law of nations is as old as civilization in general, and that it really seems to be a necessary and an inevi…

Brierly, J.-L. Keywords: International obligations | Public international law | Mots clefs: Obligations internationales | Droit international public | ABSTRACT J.-L. Brierly writes that the road to international progress has always been sufficiently obstructed by the multitude of particular national interests, the importance of which it is the duty of Statesmen to weigh up before their countries take the initiative in new experiments in international cooperation; however, the author continues, a reform of the theor…

Goyau, Georges Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Georges Goyau begins his course on the International Condition of Catholic missions with a presentation of the supra-national nature of Catholic missions. He then focuses on the protection of Christians in Muslim countries, and then on the protection of missions in "Pagan" countries and in particular to the French protectorate in China. The last chapter of the course is devoted to the changes in the international condition of missions by the Great War and subsequent treaties. Georges…

Baron Boris Nolde, le Keywords: Currencies | Public international law | Mots clefs: Monnaies | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Boris Nolde’s presentation of international legal phenomena in monetary matters aims to contribute to the construction of the general legal theory of money. He begins with a study of monetary sovereignty and its limitations, and then the currency regime in international payments. He then focuses on the issue of the currency in the event of territorial transformation of States and the …

Yepes, J.-M. Keywords: Latin America | Public international law | Development of international law | Private international law | Mots clefs: Amérique latine | Droit international public | Développement du droit international | Droit international privé | ABSTRACT J.-M. Yepes describes the Latin American legal doctrines stated by the Latin American publicists and statesmen and underlines the liberal nature in this course. After a presentation of Latin America’s place in the international organization, the author focuses on the role o…

Wolff, Karl Keywords: Legal principles | Public international law | Mots clefs: Principes de droit | Droit international public | ABSTRACT The Permanent Court of International Justice, explains Karl Wolf, must apply, according to Article 38 of the Statute, not only international conventions and international custom, but also the "general principles of law recognized by civilized nations". The author continues that the meaning of the term "general principles of law" is discussed. The main task assigned to the author …

LE FUR, Louis-Erasme Keywords: Legal history | Public international law | Mots clefs: Histoire du droit | Droit international public | ABSTRACT The history of the international organization essentially consists of retracing a passage of international anarchy to an organized international community which, since 1919, has taken the concrete existence under the form of the League of Nations, notes Louis-Erasme Le Fur in the introduction to his course. In the first part, he presents the prohibition of resorting to the force between States, and then a new international law of peace. L'hist…

Kelsen, Hans Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT In this course on General Theory of Public International Law, Hans Kelsen does not intend to make a presentation of positive international law. He presents a theory, that is to say, an examination of the nature of international law, its originality, which separates it from the norms that we are accustomed to consider as the law par excellence, from the norms of state law. Hans Kelsen successively examines, from…

Castberg, Frede Keywords: Methodology | Public international law | Mots clefs: Méthodologie | Droit international public | ABSTRACT The task which Frede Castberg assigns to himself in this course is to explain the nature and the method of legal reasoning, by particularly considering the problems posed by reasoning in the domain of public international law. The author thus successively studies: the logical nature of legal proposition; the application of treaty provisions and the customary rules of law; the solutio…

Udina, Manlio Keywords: State succession | Obligations | Public international law | Mots clefs: Succession d états | Obligations | Droit international public | ABSTRACT The problem of succession of States in international law is one of the most serious problems of the general theory of the law of nations and one of the most important ones for international practice. After a few preliminary considerations on the succession to international rights and duties in general, the author addresses the issue of the succession of …

Dwight Reid, Helen Keywords: Servitudes | Public international law | Mots clefs: Servitudes | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Helen Dwight Reid says that the doctrine of servitudes has received little attention from those who have studied the law of nations: the fundamental principles are little understood, and its practical application is almost ignored. The servitudes are not necessarily, or even ordinarily, charges imposed by one State on another, to the advantage of the first alone; rather, they are righ…

Yepes, J.-M. Keywords: America | Public international law | Mots clefs: Amérique | Droit international public | ABSTRACT J. M. Yepes begins his course on the Fundamental Problems of the Law of Nations in America with a reminder of the proposal approval in 1908 by the First Pan American Scientific Congress, which contains a synthesis of the arguments presented in favor of the existence of American international law. The author then successively focuses on the issues of sovereignty of State, de facto governments within the context of American international law, the problem of …

Ray, Jean Keywords: Treaties | Public international law | Revision | Mots clefs: Traités | Droit international public | Révision | ABSTRACT History and especially the history of our time, presents to us a large number of cases in which certain clauses of treaties have been attacked, by a State related by them, in the name of certain principles of international law. In order to study this issue, Jean Ray starts with a study of certain diplomatic procedures related to the Oriental issue. He then studies a few affairs b…

Gardot, André Keywords: Public international law | Legal history | Jean Bodin (1530-1596) | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Histoire du droit | ABSTRACT Andre Gardot states in the introduction of the course that the considerable role of Bodin in the history of legal thinking, if it is better known than formerly, is, however, still insufficiently known. Jean Bodin, continues the author, is far from occupying the place which the author deserves among the lawyers of the Renaissance period and of all times. Andre G…

Scelle, Georges Keywords: Rule of law | Public international law | Enforcement | Recognition of states | Mots clefs: Règle de droit | Droit international public | Exécution | Reconnaissance des Etats | ABSTRACT Georges Scelle points out in the introduction that the subject of this course is as vast as the international law itself, as it could be called: The effectiveness of the rule of law. At first, the author presents the theory of international legal order and social functions, and particularly the executive function. He then…

Keywords: Political regimes | Public international law | Totalitarian regimes | Dictatorship | Democracy | Mots clefs: Régimes politiques | Droit international public | Régimes totalitaires | Dictature | Démocratie | ABSTRACT Joseph-Barthelemy, who does not conceal the difficulties of his company, intends to study the relationships between domestic policy and international law in this course. In the first chapter, he focuses on the international solidarity of systems or tendencies of domestic policies. He next studies the prob…

Rechid, Ahmed Keywords: Islam | Public international law | Mots clefs: Islam | Droit international public | ABSTRACT After a presentation of some preliminary concepts on Islam and Law of Nations, especially with regard to the political state of the world at the time of Muhammad, Ahmed Rechid focuses on the international relations in the state of peace, then on international relations in the state of war and on what Islam authorizes and prohibits in international relations. Après l'exposé de quelques notions préliminaires sur l'Islam et le droit des gens, notamment en ce …

Bilfinger, Carl Keywords: States | Public international law | Mots clefs: Etats | Droit international public | ABSTRACT There is one word of Goethe in an allusion, which refers to the nature of conversation of Madame de Stael, notes Carl Bilfinger: “Philosophizing, in the world, indicates conversing in an animated manner on unresolvable problems”. One can be tempted to affirm the same thing about a conversation on the fundamental bases of human rights. There is, perhaps, a way of getting away, continues the autho…