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[English version] (Θρασέας). Sohn des Aetos [1], Vater des Ptolemaios [29] und des Apollonios (187-175 wohl Nachfolger seines Bruders als seleukidischer Statthalter, vgl. 2 Makk 3,5), Bürger von Aspendos, Alexandreia [1] und Athen (nach 224; Th. wird wegen der Vermittlung reicher Geschenke geehrt [1. 46 f. Nr. 17 E]); wie sein Vater stratēgós Kilikiens unter Ptolemaios [6] III. (nach 238), stratēgós Syriens und Phöniziens unter Ptolemaios [7] IV. (zw. 217 und 204). Sein homonymer Sohn (PP VI 14977) war als hoher Beamter auf Zypern tätig und nahm in Tamassos delphische theōroí ( theō…

[English version] (τραπεζίτης). In Ägypten Leiter der staatlichen Bank (ptolem.: basilikḗ trápeza, “königliche Bank”; röm. Zeit: dēmosía trápeza, “öffentliche Bank”) in den mētropóleis der nomoí [2], aber auch in kleineren Orten. Er wechselte Geld, nahm Steuern und andere an die staatliche Kasse gerichteten Gelder ein und leitete sie an das basilikón (“königliche Kasse”) weiter. Seine Funktion ist mit der des sitólogos (“Getreidebeauftragter”) und kollybistḗs (“Geldwechsler”) zu vergleichen. Unter den Ptolemaiern hatte ein t. diese Stellung meist gepachtet; ab 107 (…

[English version] (Θεοξένη) aus dem ptolem. Königshaus heiratete um 295 v. Chr. Agathokles [2], der sie und ihre zwei Söhne ( parvuli, Iust. 23,2,6-8) kurz vor seinem Tod 289 mitsamt der Mitgift nach Äg. zurückschickte. Der polit. Zweck der Heirat ist unklar. Wegen ihrer Mitgift ( regale instrumentum) gilt Th. als Tochter Ptolemaios' [1] I. und der Eurydike [4], war vielleicht aber als Tochter der Berenike [1] und Schwester des Magas [2] seine Stieftochter. PP VI 14511. Ameling, Walter Bibliography W. Huß, Äg. in hell. Zeit, 2001, 203.

[English version] (τρυφή). Spezifisch ptolem. Herrscherideal (vgl. die Beinamen Trýphōn, Trýphaina), entstanden aus dem Kult des sieghaften Dionysos und seinen Festen. T. bedeutete Prunk und Glanz, Reichtum und Glück spendende Herrschaft. Da darin auch die Fruchtbarkeit des Landes eingeschlossen war, konnte an die Vorstellungen vom Wirken des Pharao angeknüpft werden. T. wurde andererseits als griech. Begriff für luxus in negativer Konnotation, u. a. unter dem Einfluß des Stoizismus, mit (bes. “orientalischer”) Verweichlichung und V…

[English version] (Θῆρις). Stratēgós des nomós [2] Herakleopolites (PSI VIII 949; Yale Papyri I 57), dann 69/8 v. Chr. syngenḗs (Hoftitel B. 2) und hypomnēmatográphos (“Sekretär”; OGIS 736), vielleicht bis 64/3 (BGU VIII 1767). PP I/VIII 9; 262. Ameling, Walter

[English version] (σιτομετρία). “Zumessung” von Getreide an Bürger griech. Staaten durch einen sitométrēs (z. B. Hyp. F 271a Blass; Aristot. pol. 1299a 23; noch in der röm. Kaiserzeit belegt) und aus einem eigenen Fond (vgl. Rationen an Söldner). S. konnte aber auch eine in Geld umgerechnete staatliche oder private Bezahlung in täglichem oder monatlichem Rhythmus heißen. Regelmäßigkeit des Betrages oder ein Zusammenhang mit dem Status des Empfängers ist dabei nicht unbedingt gegeben. Ameling, Walter Bibliography H. Dirscherl, Die Sitonia von Oxyrhynchos: Menge, Kosten…

[English version] (Σιμάριστος). Alexandriner aus angesehener, ins 3. Jh. v. Chr. zurückreichender Familie; führte 58 v. Chr. eine alexandrinische hetairía gegen Ptolemaios [18] XII. (Dion Chrys. or. 32,70). Ameling, Walter Bibliography F. Zucker, Σιμαριστ<ει>οι, in: Philologus 101, 1957, 164-166.

(Σαραπίων). [English version] [1] Horus-Priester, 2. Jh. v. Chr. Horus-Priester und um 160 v. Chr. der erste Ägypter, der das Amt des eponymen Alexanderpriesters bekleidete. Evtl. identisch mit PP I/VIII 914. Ameling, Walter Bibliography W. Huß, Der maked. König und die ägypt. Priester, 1994, 45 f. [English version] [2] Dioiketes, 2. Jh. v. Chr. Dioikētḗs, nach 145 und 142 v. Chr., gleichrangig mit den “Freunden Erster Klasse” (PKöln V 223; PTebt III I732,1; Hoftitel B. 2.). Vielleicht identisch mit dem 163-155 v. Chr. belegten nachgeordneten Verwalter ( hypodioikētḗs) und Ob…

[English version] Ägypter, Dorfschreiber ( kōmogrammateús ) und (trotzdem) Inhaber einer etwa 27,5 km2 (10 000 árurai; Arura) großen dōreá, eines vom König verliehenen Landguts (PPetrie II 38 a; III 31; PLille I 47,2 f.; 9 f.; 48,2 f.; 8 f.) im J. 251/0 v. Chr. PP I 837 f.; 841; IV 8387. Ameling, Walter

[English version] (Θένεφμος). Ägypter, der bereits 247/6 v. Chr. als Inhaber einer dōreá (“vom König verliehener Grundbesitz”) von 10 000 árurai bezeugt ist. PP IV 10083. Ameling, Walter

Stadt in Baden, seit dem frühen 13. Jh. im Besitz der Markgrafen von Baden, heute zum Landkreis Karlsruhe gehörig. Durch seinen Reichtum an natürlicher Wasserkraft besaß E. immer viele Mühlen, darunter spätestens seit 1482 auch eine Papiermühle. 1530 kam mit Valentin Kobian aus dem nahegelegenen Durlach der erste Drucker nach E., der jedoch bereits 1532 nach Hagenau weiterzog, wo er vor Gründung einer eigenen Offizin schon als Druckergeselle gearbeitet hatte. In E. brachte er von September 1530 …

[German version] Greek Chaonnophris, name with mythological reference. Successor of Harwennefer as anti-king in southern Egypt (201/0 - 27.8.186 BC). After the death of Harwennefer, Ptolemy V ruled again for a short while in the Thebais and in Elephantine, but was pushed back again by A.; from 190 battles with varying success, until A. was finally defeated by Komannos. Because of the conquest, the second Philae decree and the Philanthropa decree C. Ord. Ptol. 34 were passed. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Clarysse, Hurgonaphor et Chaonnophris, les derniers pharaons i…

[German version] (Ἀχιλλᾶς; Achillâs). Egyptian, praef. regius, but probably not Ptolemaeus XIII's guardian. He carried out the murder of Pompey and was made high commander of the army by Potheinus in the fight against Caesar (48/7 BC).  Arsinoe [II 6] IV retains him first in this office, but then has him killed at the order of  Ganymedes. PP 6, 14594. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography L. Mooren, The aulic titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 73 f. no. 029.

[German version] (Κλεαινέτη; Kleinainétē). The daughter of  Numenius, sister of Agathoclea [3]. in 166/5 BC priestess of Arsinoë [II 4] Philopator. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography Chr. Habicht, Athen in hell. Zeit, 1994, 109.

(Σαραπίων/ Sarapíōn). [German version] [1] Priest of Horus, 2nd cent. BC Priest of Horus and in c. 160 BC the first Egyptian to hold the office of the eponymous priest of Alexander. Possibly identical with PP I/VIII 914. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Huß, Der makedonische König und die ägyptischen Priester, 1994, 45 f. [German version] [2] Dioiketes, 2nd cent. BC Dioikētḗs, in office after 145 and 142 BC, of the same rank as the 'friends of the first class' (PKöln V 223; PTebt III I732,1; Court titles B. 2.). Perhaps identical with a minor administrator documented 163-155 BC ( hypod…

(Οφέλλας/ Ophéllas). [German version] [1] Official in the Hellenistic period O. of Olynthus, presumably a subordinate of Cleomenes [7] in the administration of Egypt ( epimelētḗs in Athribis; see epimelētaí ). He is said to have blackmailed the nomárchai subordinate to him ([Aristot.] 1353a 5ff.). Agathocles [2] Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography Berve 2, Nr. 599. [German version] [2] Friend and official of Alexander [4] the Great Son of Silenus, Macedonian from Pella, phílos of Alexander [4] the Great and his (liturgical)…

[German version] [1] See Nesysti [3] See Nesysti [3] Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] High priest of Ptah in Memphis, died in 103 BC Son of Petobastis [2], father of Petobastis [3], high priest of Ptah in Memphis. In c. 122 BC, P. married a Berenice, who was possibly related to the ruling dynasty of the Ptolemies. He died in 103. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Huß, Die Herkunft der Kleopatra Philopator, in: Aegyptus 70, 1990, 191-203, esp. 199 f.  E. A. E. Reymond, From the Records of a Priestly Family from Memphis, 1981, 116 f. No. 16  J. Quaegebeur, The Genealogy of the Me…

[German version] Administrative unit set up by Augustus before AD 11/12 in Egypt, comprising the area between the Delta and Thebes. Its seven districts were Memphites, Heracleopolites, Aphroditopolites, Oxyrhynchites, Cynopolites, Hermopolites, and perhaps Letopolites. From the beginning the Arsinoites and often also the small Oasis were included. Its expansion to 11 districts under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus is attested, but its composition cannot currently be clearly determined. The Heptanomia was subordinate to an epistrategos with the rank of procurator Augusti. Ameli…

[German version] (Θεοξένη; Theoxénē) from the Ptolemaic royal house married c. 295 BC Agathocles [2], who sent her and her two sons ( parvuli, Just. Epit. 23,2,6-8) with her dowry back to Egypt shortly before his death in 289. The political purpose of the marriage is unclear. Because of her dowry ( regale instrumentum) T. is considered to be the daughter of Ptolemaeus [1] I and Eurydice [4], but she may have been the daughter of Berenice [1] and the sister of Magas [2] and hence his step-daughter. PP VI 14511. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit, 20…

(Μάγας; Mágas). [German version] [1] Father of Berenice Father of Berenice [1]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography Geyer, s.v. M., RE 14, 292f. [German version] [2] Administrator of Cyrenaea, 3rd cent. BC M. was born no later than 320 BC as the son of Philippus and Berenice [1], perhaps the brother of Theoxene (PP VI 14511), who married Agathocles [2] after 300 (there was no adoption by Ptolemy I: SEG 18, 743; on a house belonging to him in Alexandria cf. [1. 287]). M. reconquered the seceded Cyrene for Ptolemaeus I shortly …

[German version] (Γαλέστης; Galéstēs). Son of the Athamanian king  Amynander, fled to Pydna to Ptolemy VI, whose phílos (φίλος) he became. In 150 BC G. led an expeditionary corps against Demetrius [7] I, and in 145 against Alexander [13] Balas. In 144 Ptolemy VIII took his dōreaí (δωρεαί, ‘benefices’; i.a. in Herakleopolites) away from him; G. fled to Hellas and gathered exiles; he died in an attempt to return to Alexandria and enthrone an alleged son of Ptolemy VI. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Schäfer, PKöln V 223/4 L. Criscuolo, L'archivo di Philô (PKöln V 222-225), in…

[German version] (Φιλοπάτωρ/ Philopátōr, literally 'father lover'). Cultic epithet of Hellenistic rulers, first borne by Ptolemaeus IV, then by his wife Arsinoe [II 4] III  ( theoì philopátores). The epithet P. was also used outside the Ptolemaic dynasty (e.g. Mithridates [4] IV, Ariarathes V, Demetrius [9] III, Antiochus [13] XII). It describes somebody his father designated as his successor during his lifetime. Co-regency could, but did not have to, be connected with the title. The Egyptian background, which the title …

[German version] Son of Harpaesis, syngenḗs (court title). (District) strategos of Pathyritis, Ombitis etc. at least between 69/8-62 BC [3]. As such, subordinate to Callimachus [9]. Two of his sons and two of his grandsons were also strategoi. This Egyptian family was responsible for the office of strategos in Hermonthis for three generations. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 H.J. Thissen, Zur Familie des Strategen Monkores, in: ZPE 27, 1977, 181-191 2 L.M. Ricketts, The Epistrategos Kallimachos and a Koptite Inscription: SB V 8036 Reconsidered, in: AncSoc 13…

(Ἀετός; Aetós). [German version] [1] Priest of Alexander 253/2 BC From Aspendus, son of Apollonius, father of  Thraseas. Ptolemaic general of Cilicia and founder of Arsinoe [III 3] (between 279 and 253 BC), priest of Alexander 253/2, as eponymous officer documented 245/4 and 242/1. PP 2, 1828; 3/9 4988; [1]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] Priest of Alexander 197/6 BC Grandson of A. [1], priest of Alexander 197/6 BC honoured in Cos: Bull. 1994, 451. PP 3/9 4988a; [1. 344]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography C. Habicht, A Hellenistic inscription from Arsinoe in Cil…

[German version] of Megalopolis, father of the Cypriot strategos Ptolemy (PP 6,14778), himself Ptolemaic stratēgòs epì Karías (στρατηγὸς ἐπὶ Καρίας) under Ptolemy III, was also responsible for Samos; attested in 225/4 BC as an eponymous officer of a military unit. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography K. Hallof, Ch. Mileta, Samos und Ptolemaios III., in: Chiron 27, 1997, 255-283, esp. 268ff.

[German version] (Αριστόλαος; Aristólaos). Son of Ameinias, dedicated a statue of Ptolemy II in Olympia. Strategos of Caria between 270 and 259 BC, holder of a dorea (PP 6, 15036). Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] (Εὐκλῆς; Euklês). Son of a Dionysius, successor of Zeno as head of the δωρέα ( dōréa) of Apollonius near Philadelphia in 248 BC until its dissolution in 243. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography C. Orrieux, Les archives d'Euclès et la fin de la dôréa du dioecète Apollonios, in: CE 55, 1980, 229-239.

[German version] (Εὔνοστος; Eúnostos). Son of Pasicrates (?), at the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 3rd cent. BC he was the city king of Soli on Cyprus; under unknown circumstances he married Eirene [2] after 307. PP 6,14508. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] (Λυσάνδρα; Lysándra). Daughter of Ptolemaeus I and Eurydice [4], sister of Ptolemy Keraunos. She probably only married Alexander, the son of Cassander, after 297/6 BC (FGrH 260 F 3,5). After his death in 294/3 she married Agathocles [5], the son of Lysimachus [2] (Plut. Demetrius 31,5; Paus. 1,9,6 probably erroneously assume the date 299, which made a split into two persons necessary, PP VI 14529 and 14530; the formulation by Plutarch, however, speaks against this possibility). Thu…

[German version] (also Pen-Nout). Son of Psenobastis (PP I 344), father of Ptolemy (PP I 322); syngenḗs and stratēgós (see Court titles B. 2) of the Egyptian district of Tentyritis under Cleopatra [II 12] VII, priest of various indigenous gods, administrator of Augustus and thus one of the local elite who had managed to cross from Ptolemaic to Roman service. PP I/VIII 293. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 125f. (0137).

[German version] [1] see Nesysti [2] see Nesysti [2] Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] Egyptian priest at end of 3rd/beginning of 2nd cent. BC Son of Nesysti [3], High Priest of Ptah in Memphis at the end of the 3rd/beginning of the 2nd cent. BC.; father of Psenptah [2], grand father of P. [3]. Ptah; Memphis Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography J. Quaegebeur, in: D. J. Crawford et al., Studies on Ptolemaic Memphis, 1980, 68 no. 21  D. Devauchelle, Review of E.A.E. Reymond, From the Records of a Priestly Family from Memphis, in: Chronique d'Égypte 58, 1983, 135-145, in part. 142f. …

(Περιγένης/ Perigénēs). [German version] [1] Politician of the Hellenistic period Son of Leontiscus, from Alexandria, próxenos ( proxenía ) of Siphnus (IG XII Suppl. p. 111) c. 278/270 BC, presumably father of P. [2]. A P. from Samos is honoured in 264 as próxenos of Olus, but this identification is rather improbable [1. 196 note 2]. PP VI 14941. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 Robert, OMS 1. R.S. Bagnall, The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions outside Egypt, 1976, 146. [German version] [2] Ptolemaic fleet commander Son of P. [1], possibly father of Iamnea (PP …

[German version] (Καφισόδωρος; Kaphisódōros). Son of Caphisodorus; father of Metrophanes (PP 6, 14679) and Ptolemaeus (PP 6, 14688); between 163 and 145 BC archisōmatophýlax ( Court titles B.2.); stratēgós of the Egyptian district Xoite and priest of the políteuma of the Boeotians; in 156/55 eponymous priest of Alexander. PP 1/8, 269; 3/9, 5167. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Clarysse, G. v. d. Veken, The Eponymous Priests of Ptolemaic Egypt, 1983, 28.

[German version] (also called Hierax). Son of Pachom (PP VIII 300b), father of Pamenches, attested as syngenḗs and stratēgós in various Egyptian nomes c. 50/30 BC. Besides his state offices, P. held a number of indigenous priestly offices, which subsequently also appear in the titles of his son. PP I/VIII 265; 301. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 119f. Nr. 0127.

[German version] (κωμάρχης; kōmárchēs). Expressive designation for an official of the Ptolemaic and Roman period in Egypt, who was responsible for all the concerns of village administration ( kṓmē ), was subordinate to the toparches and nomarches (the komarches was also active in metropoleis, being responsible for city districts). In the Ptolemaic period, the office of the dioikētḗs appointed him, and it was a (much) aspired post. The komarches came from the village for which he was responsible. The differentiation from the komogrammateús is difficult; he w…

(Λάγος, Λαγός/ Lágos, Lagós; personal name not from lagṓs, ‘hare’, but probably from laoí, ‘people’). [German version] [1] Macedonian from Eordaia or Orestis, father of Ptolemy I Macedonian from Eordaea or Orestis. His status is unknown; no definite conclusion about high nobility can be drawn from his marriage to Arsinoe [II 1]. Father of Ptolemaios I and Menelaus. Ptolemy fostered the memory of L.: a hippodrome in Alexandria and a town in Arsinoe were called Lágeion. The legend of Philippus II fathering Ptolemy I is, therefore, probably of later origin. The Ptolemies …

[German version] (Καφισοφῶν; Kaphisophôn). Son of Philippus (PP 6, 16640), from Cos, doctor (?); theorós ( Theoria, Theoroi) of Ptolemy II or III sent to the sanctuary of Asclepius of Cos. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography S. Sherwin-White, Ancient Cos, 1978, 103.

[German version] Son of Paious (?), established himself during the Civil War (132-124 BC) as counter-pharaoh and was the last Egyptian who carried the title ‘Pharaoh’. He was presumably supported by the Theban priests; between 26 June and November 131 BC, dating was based on him in Thebes, but already on 10 November, he was no longer recognized there. He fled to the north, where his rebellion came to an end before 15 September 130. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography K. Vandorpe, City of Many a Gate, in: S. P. Vleeming (ed.), Hundred-Gated Thebes, 1995, 203-239, esp. 233ff. B. C. McGing, R…

[German version] (τραπεζίτης/ trapezítēs). Leader in Egypt of the state bank (Ptolemaic: basilikḕ trápeza, 'royal bank'; Roman period: dēmosía trápeza, 'public bank') in the mētropóleis (Metropolis) of the nomes ( Nomos [2]) but also in smaller towns. The trapezites changed money, collected taxes and other monies intended for the state exchequer and passed them on to the Basilikón (Royal Exchequer). His role is comparable with those of the sitólogos ('grain commissioner') and the kollybistḗs ('money changer'). Under the Ptolemies trapezitai usually leased their posts; from…

[German version] (καταλογεῖον; katalogeîon). Administrative office under the control of the archidikastḗs in Alexandria where, from the Augustan period onwards, civil documents were registered, processed and copied; the original was taken (from AD 127, POxy. 34) to the Hadrianḕ bibliothḗkē and the copy to the toû Nanaíou bibliothḗkē (comparable procedure under the Ptolemies?). In Roman times the katalogeion also handled the lists of ephebes. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography F. Burkhalter, Archives locales et archives centrales en Egypte, in: Chiron 20, 1990, 1…

[German version] (Θρασέας/ Thraséas). Son of Aëtus [1], father of Ptolemaeus [29] and Apollonius (187-175 probably his brother's successor as Seleucidian governor, cf. 2 Macc 3:5), citizen of Aspendus, Alexandria [1] and Athens (after 224; T. is honoured for obtaining copious gifts [1. 46 f. no. 17 E]); like his father strategos of Cilicia under Ptolemaeus [6] III (after 238), strategos of Syria and Phoenicia under Ptolemaeus [7] IV (between 217 and 204). His homonymous son (PP VI 14977) worked as a high official from Cyprus and hosted Delphic theōroí (Theoria) in Tamassus [4. 12328]…

[German version] (τρυφή; tryph ḗ). A specifically Ptolemaic ruler ideal (cf. the epithet Trýphōn, Trýphaina), arising out of the cult of the victorious Dionysus and his celebrations. Thryphe meant rule providing splendour and brilliance, wealth and fortune. Since it also included the fertility of the land, it could be linked to perceptions of the activities of the pharaoh. On the other hand, as a Greek term for luxus with negative connotations, thryphe was connected, e.g. under the influence of Stoicism, with (particularly 'oriental') softness and effeminacy (Latin luxuria, effemi…

[German version] [1] N. I High priest of Ptah, at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd cent. BC Also called Anemher I. Father of N. [2] II, high priest of Ptah (Phthas) in Memphis at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd cent. BC. PP III/IX 5365. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] N. II High priest of Ptah, 1st half of the 3rd cent. BC Also called Petobastis I, high priest of Ptah in Memphis in the 1st half of the 3rd cent. BC, in addition prophet  of Arsinoë [II 3] II and prophet of Philotera; son of N. [1] I, father of Anemher [2] II, ancestor of Petobastis III. PP III/IX 5361; 5362; 5364 (cf. [1]). Ame…

[German version] Son of Horus, c. 170-116 BC, παρασχίστης ( paraschístēs) and ‘capo ritualista’ in the necropolis of Djem. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography P. W. Pestman, L'archivio di Amenothes, 1981.

[German version] Egyptian, born in c. 139 BC, owner of a family archive stretching back over five generations. The family is an example of the occasional integration of Greeks into Egyptian families. Several brothers of P. served in the army, as did members of earlier generations; P. himself appears to have managed the family's affairs; documents concerning him come from the years 114-88 BC. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography P.W. Pestman, in: Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava 14, 1965, 47ff.  N. Lewis, Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1986, 139ff.  J. Bingen, Vente de terre par Pétéharsem…

[German version] (Κρόκος). Stratēgós ( autokrátōr;  Lochos) of Cyprus during the Egyptian civil war 131-124/3 BC. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography R. Bagnall, The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions outside Egypt, 1976, 259 L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 191f. no. 0354.

[German version] Son of Callimedes; syngenḗs of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra [II 6] III. in 127 BC ( Court titles B. 2.). L. acted as a benefactor for Roman merchants in the conquest of Alexandria by Ptolemy (IDélos 1526; cf. IDélos 1536?) and was perhaps even the commanding general on this occasion (then in Diod. Sic. 34/5,20 L. should likewise be read instead of Hegelochus [2]). Between 128/7 and 118 L. was the stratēgòs autokrátōr (‘Commander in chief’) of the Thebaid, an office that cannot have differed very greatly from that of epistrátēgos (UPZ II 187; [1. 19]; [2. 51f.]); between …

[German version] There had been sibling marriage among the pharaohs in Egypt since ancient times, albeit not between full siblings; it was an imitation of marriage between gods. Outside the royal house marriage between half-siblings was unusual. Marriage between full siblings was later practiced by a number of Ptolemies (Ptolemaeus II, IV, VI, VIII, IX, XII, XIII?, XIV). Zeus and Hera, Isis and Osiris were invoked as parallels for their subjects, thus seeking sacred reinforcement so as to reduce f…

[German version] (Κίλλης; Kíllēs). Macedonian, phílos and stratēgós of Ptolemy I, C. was able to drive Demetrius [2] from Syria after the battle of Gaza in 311 BC but was captured by him and sent back to Ptolemy. PP II/VIII 2164. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[German version] (Φιλωτέρα; Philōtérā). Daughter of Ptolemy I and Berenice [1]; the year of her birth is unknown; d. after 276 BC and shortly before her sister Arsinoe [II 3] II. Not long afterwards she received a Greek cult (cf. Callim. fr. 228,40-58) and was probably worshipped with her sister in the Arsinoeion (for their Egyptian cult see Nesysti [2]). Two villages in Arsinoitis, a deme in Ptolemais and towns on the Red Sea, in Lycia and Israel are named after her. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography P. Fraser, Ptolemaic Alexandria, 1972, vol. 1, 668f.; Bd. 2, 373 n. 282; 377 n. 314  G. Webe…