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Truth
(2,211 words)
That which is established by evidential or experiential proof. A number of qurʾānic lexemes convey this significance
(ḥaqq, qayyim, ṣawāb, ṣadaqa/ṣidq), ḥaqq being the most prevalent. Evidence abounds in the Muslim tradition to support a multivalent understanding of
ḥaqq as alternatively “true” or “real,” yet that is only the beginning of a story with a pre-history. “The original meaning of the Arabic root
ḥ-q-q has been obscured but can be recovered by reference to the corresponding root in Hebrew with its meanings of (a) ‘to cut in, engrave’ in wood, stone or metal, (b) ‘to inscribe, write, portray’” (Macdonald and Calverley, Ḥaqq). From this it can be inferred that “the primary meaning of
ḥaqq in Arabic is ‘established fact’…, and therefore ‘truth’ is secondary; its opposite is
bāṭil [vain] (in both …
Source:
Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān