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[German version] ('Food taster'). Food tasters, used to protect persons in positions of high authority from poisoning, had been employed since the time of the Persian Achaemenidae [2], then also by Alexander [4] the Great (e.g. Xen. Cyr. 1,3,9; Just. Epit. 12,14,9). Mark Antony (Antonius [II I 9]) is said to have been the first of the Romans to employ a praegustator (Plin. HN. 21,9,12). Praegustatores were put in the employ of Roman rulers beginning with Augustus [1]. It is unclear whether their profession was always in reality dangerous. A certain Coetus Herodianus, praegustator divi A…

[German version] [1] [Ca]tilius Longus Eques from Bithynia, 1st cent. AD Eques from Apamea in Bithynia who was accepted into the Senate by Vespasian (CIL III 335 = Eck, ZPE 42, 1981, 242ff. = AE 1982, 860). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] L.C. Severus Procos. Asiae, 3rd cent. AD Descendant of C. [3]. as attested in Frater Arvalis, 213 and 218; probably procos. Asiae (IGR IV 1281) [1. 112f., 418f.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] L.C.Severus Iulianus Claudius Reginus Cos. ord. II 120 AD Senator from Bithynia, see C. [1] [2. 133ff.; 3. 127ff.]. Praetorian c…

[German version] [1] Q.G. Atilius Agricola Quaestor under Vespasianus An Atilius by birth, presumably adopted by a G., from Augusta Taurinorum, where he was honoured by various cities, also by means of trapezophora. Probably of senatorial origin; the fact that he became quaestor of Vespasianus indicates imperial patronage; under Domitianus he was iuridicus in Spain, legatus legionis VI Ferratae in Syria and praetorian governor of Belgica, also under Nerva, then cos. suff. in September/October AD 97, when Trajan was adopted. Consular governor of Pannonia in 101-2, p…

[German version] Daughter of M. Plancius [3] Varus and wife of C. Iulius [II 48] Cornutus Tertullus. She was from Perge, where she held several public offices. After erecting others, she built a spectacular tower with statues of Diana Pergensis, the Genius Civitatis, of Divus Augustus and of the members of the imperial family in the time of Trajan and Hadrian [1]. She is an example of a senator's wife who, despite her connexions with Rome through her sociopolitical relationships, also maintained close ties with her homeland. PIR2 P 444. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 S. Şahin (ed.)…

[German version] [1] N. Lupus Soldier and adviser of Pliny the Younger He served in the army as a praefectus in Syria around AD 80/1, when Plinius the Younger was a tribunus militum in the legio III Gallica. Later N. reached rank of a primipilaris. Pliny called him to Pontus-Bithynia as an adviser. For his son of the same name Pliny requested a military tribunate from the emperor Trajan (Plin. Epist. 10,87). PIR2 N 248; 249. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C.N. Sabinus 1st cent. AD soldier and official Son of C. Iulius [II 36] Callistus's freedwoman Nymphidia. Later N. cla…

[German version] [1] C.C. Fronto Official under Vespasian Senator from Caesarea in Pisidia. Vespasian made him inter tribunicios adlectus. He was the praetorian governor of Lycia-Pamphylia from AD 81- c. 83/84; cos. suff. 90 (AE 1949, 23); married to a Sergia Paulla (PIR2 C 423) [1. 109]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C.C. Julianus Official, around 100 AD Related to C. [1]; after an equestrian military service, he was admitted into the Senate; proconsul Achaiae probably AD 100/101 (PIR2 C 426) [1. 129; 2. 334]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Halfmann 2 W. Eck,…

[German version] [1] Friend of the poet Juvenal Friend of the poet  Juvenal, who dedicated satura 12 to him. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Mentioned by Juvenal as an exiled senator Mentioned by Juvenal as an exiled senator (1,108). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Celer Municipal quaestor in Oea in Africa Municipal quaestor in Oea in Africa (Apul. Apol. 101). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Freedman of Claudius, who is said to have honoured him by permitting him the use of a litter and the holding of games in Rome, which was normally the prerogative of the magistrates. PIR2 H 16. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] C.H. Geta Mint master in the 1st cent. BC Mint master, perhaps in the year 54 BC (MRR 2, 441); proscribed by the triumviri in 43, but rescued by his son; later struck from the proscription lists (App. B Civ. 4,171). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] [H.] Geta Senator, probably Augustan-Tiberian period, quaesitor Senator, whose fragmentary cursus probably belongs to the Augustan-Tiberian period because of the office of quaesitor. CIL IX 2844; PIR2 H 215. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C.H. Geta Legionary legate in Britain in 43 AD, orna…

[German version] Member of the senatorial class, who had an estate at Ferentium in southern Etruria (CIL XI 3003 and p. 1313); she was related to Pisibanius [2] (cf. [1. 158f.]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 P. Weiss, Ein Konsulnpaar vom 21. Juni 159 n.Chr., in: Chiron 29, 1999, 147-182.

[German version] Q. M. Priscus. Praetorian governor of Dacia superior probably from AD 141/2, attested there in 144  (CIL XVI 90). Probably cos. suff. in absentia in August of the same year [1. 56f.]. PIR2 M 760. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Piso, FPD.

[German version] (Flavius) H. was Vespasian's freedman, who accompanied the Flavian troops during their advance into Italy and had great influence besides  Antonius [II 13] Primus (Tac. Hist. 3,12,3; 28,1). He was rewarded by the Senate with the equestrian rank on 1 January AD 70. Tac. Hist. 4,39,1; PIR2 H 204. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Sex. V. Senator at the time of Augustus and Tiberius who rose to the rank of praetor; from Iguvium. Closely connected with Nero Claudius [II 24] Drusus the Elder, he was received by Tiberius [II 1] into his circle of amici ( Amicitia ). Repudiated by Tiberius because of a pamphlet against Caligula he had allegedly written he took his life (Tac. Ann. 6,9,2). Probably a brother of Vistilia [2], father of Vistilia [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Syme, RP 2, 810 f.

[German version] Wife of L. Vitrasius Flamininus, cos. suff. in 122, mother of L. Vitrasius Ennius Aequus. CIL X 4123 = Camodeca, EOS I 531. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] L. C. Gallus Vecilius Crispinus Mansuanius Marcellinus Numisius Sabinus. Senator whose career is known from an inscription from Antioch [5] in Pisidia (CIL III 6813 = ILS 1038). Quaestor in the province of Pontus-Bithynia, people's tribune, praetor, curator viarum Clodiae, Cassiae, Ciminiae, Traianae novae, praef. frumenti dandi, legatus legionum I Italicae et II Traianae, proconsul Sardiniae ( c. AD 111), praetorian imperial legate of Galatia, Pisidia c. AD 113-115; suffect consul probably in 116 [1. 9-35] or even not until 117, VIIvir epulonum; first known…

[German version] [1] Proconsul of the province of Lycia-Pamphylia in the 2nd cent. AD Proconsul of the province of Lycia-Pamphylia, no earlier than under Marcus [2] Aurelius and Lucius Verus. Identification is not possible. PIR2 P 1064. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Friend of the poet Martialis [1] from Umbria P., for whom also the praenomen Aulus is transmitted. A friend of the poet Martialis [1], he was from Umbria and rose to primipilus. On the possibilities for identification cf. PIR2 P 1069. In an inscription from Sarsina [1. 264], however, [Au]lus can hardly be res…

[German version] Cn. Marcius R. Rufinus. Equestrian who began his career as the centurio of a legion, then became primus pilus of the legio III Gallica in Syria, tribune among the vigiles, the cohortes urbanae and the praetorians in Rome; primus pilus for the second time with the legio III Cyrenaica in Arabia. He then transferred into a procuratorial career: procurator of Syria (Coele?), praefect of the two Italic fleets, praepositus annonae probably during the Parthian War in AD 198; finally praefect of the vigiles in 205-207 with the title of eminentissimus vir. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bib…

[German version] L. Marcia Hostilia Crispina Moecia Cornelia. Daughter of Laberius [II 3] Maximus, cos. II AD 103, and second wife of C. Bruttius [II 4] Praesens, cos. II in 139. L. accompanied her husband to Africa during his time as proconsul there (CIL VIII 110); her estates were near Amiternum and Trebula Mutuesca (Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 478). PIR2 L 15. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Wife of Tettius Africanus, praefectus Aegypti in the year AD 82; probably the sister or the daughter of Funisulanus Vettonianus. PIR2 F 571. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] M.I.M. f. Volt(inia tribu) Bassus Fabius Valerianus. Senator, who originated from Alba Helviorum in Narbonensis. In AD 156-159 he was in charge of Pannonia inferior as praetorian governor (AE 1976, 542; RMD II 102; 103). Cos. suff. shortly thereafter; curator operum publicorum in 161; consular governor of Moesia inferior; then comes Augustorum during the Parthian War. At the end of his career he was consular governor of Pannonia superior, where he made peace with invading Germanic tribes (Cass. Dio 71,3,1; PIR2 J 4). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Kolb, Bauver…

[German version] L.C. Rufus. Proconsul of Bithynia et Pontus shortly before the year AD 49 when he was sentenced by the Senate because of  repetundae (Tac. Ann. 12,22,3) [1. 159ff]. Readmitted into the Senate by Otho (PIR2 C 6). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Stumpf, Numismatische Unt., 1991.

[German version] Q. S. Maximus. Son of a senator of the Augustan period, possibly M. Sanquinius, the Master of the Mint (RIC I 2 337; 342). S. became consul on 1 February AD 39 instead of Caligula, perhaps until the end of  June (Cass. Dio 59,13,2); at the same time he may have been a políarchos [2] ( praefectus urbi). CIL X 905 and Tac. Ann. 6,4,3 are also seen as relating to S.; in that case he would have been cos. suff. by c. 21/2, but  cos. II in 39. This reconstruction must, however, remain uncertain. In c. 46 he was legate of the army of Lower Germany; he also died there (Tac. Ann. 11,18,1). Eck, Wer…

[German version] [1] Sex. V. Cerialis Senator, whose family may have originated in the Sabine lands [1. 325-332]. Legionary legate in the Jewish War under Vespasianus; after the conquest of Jerusalem (in AD 70), he was the first senatorial governor to take over the province of Judaea (Palaestina). Probably in the first half of the year 71 he returned to Rome; suffect consul probably in 72 or 73. Recorded 75-78 as consular legate of Moesia (CIL XVI 22; cf. [2. 30, tab. I, Z. 9; 3]) ILS 988 may refer to him. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme RP, vol. 1 2 RMD I, No. 2 3 W. Eck et al., Neu…

[German version] Sex. S. Dexter. Tribune of a praetorian cohort, who in January of AD 69 made an unsuccessful attempt to keep the soldiers from revolting against Galba [2] (Tac. Hist. 1,31,4). He is identical with the procurator et praefectus of the province of Sardinia in 74 [1.80f.]. His name appears again as cos. of 104 and procos. of Asia in 120/121, Sex. S. Dexter Cornelius Priscus [2.154, 210]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Pflaum, vol. 1 2 W. Eck, Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter, in: Chiron 13, 1983, 147-237. Syme, RP 7, 481; 490.

[German version] In the context of Germanicus' [2] sudden death in Syria in AD 19, Martina was said to have prepared the poison that killed him. Allegedly she was a friend of Munatia Plancina, the wife of Cn. Calpurnius [II 16] Piso, Germanicus's adversary. Cn. Sentius, Calpurnius Piso's successor in Syria, sent her to Rome, but she died suddenly in Brundisium during the journey (Tac. Ann. 2,74,2; 3,7,2). Since the poisoning of Germanicus is a fabrication, the allegations against Martina are also without foundation (cf. [1. 153; 154f.]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, A. C…

[German version] [1] see Polyclitus see  Polyclitus Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] D., Doryphoros Freedman of Claudius or Nero Being a freedman of Claudius or Nero, his full name was Ti. Claudius D. He exercised the function of a libellis and had great influence on Nero, who is to supposed to have even married him. Since D. opposed Nero's marriage with Poppaea, he was removed by him in the year 62 with poison. His possessions, even those in Egypt, fell back to the emperor. PIR2 D 194. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Bessone, GFF 2, 1979, 105ff.

[German version] Sex. T. C., equestrian; tribune of the second cohort of the vigiles in Rome; later procurator of Asturia et Gallaecia, afterwards of Dalmatia et Histria; perhaps in first half of the 2nd cent. AD (CIL II 2643; VI 2968; AE 1985, 374);  cf.  [1. 64]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Alföldy, Prov. Hispania superior (AHAW 19), 2000.

[German version] C. Hispulla. Daughter of Corellius [2]; married to one Neratius; Corellius [1] was her son. PIR2 C 1296. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] C. Octavius Appius S. Sabinus. Senator from Histonium; his father was already a senator. Admitted to the Senate under Septimius [II 7] Severus. After junior posts, legate to the legio XXII Primigenia; took part as dux vexillationis in Caracalla’s expeditio Germanica; governor of Raetia in AD 213, cos. ord. in 214; then iudex instead of the emperor in a province; praefectus alimentorum and appointed ad corrigendum statum Italiae. Governor of Pannonia inferior in 216/17 and of a further consular province; procos. of Africa c. 230. In 240 for the second time cos. ord.; cf. …

[German version] Senator at least from 47 BC; in 57 sentenced by the Senate because of extortion in his province, perhaps Lycia-Pamphylia (Tac. Ann . 13,33; 16,21; [1]). As son-in-law of Ofonius Tigellinus was readmitted to the Senate where he accused Antistius Sosianus and Thrasea Paetus (PIR2 C 1543). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 2, 1150ff.

[German version] [1] A.P.Nepos Aponius Italicus Manilianus C. Licinius Pollio Official under Trajan and Hadrian Senator with a lengthy career under Trajan (Traianus) and Hadrian (Hadrianus). From a not especially promising start as triumvir capitalis, he at length gained Trajan's support as praetor. Subsequently, he became curator viae Cassiae, Clodiae, Ciminiae novae, Traianae; thereupon, legate of legio I Adiutrix during the Parthian War; praetorian legate of Thracia, AD 117/8; cos. suff., AD 119, together with Hadrian, from which a close association with the la…

[German version] Roman magistrates (Magistratus) were, on principle, elected for one year only. When, however, a magistrate resigned or died during his term of office, a successor had to be appointed for the rest of that year. This successor was called suffectus (from sufficere, 'to grow again'). While by-elections were rare during the Republic, it became normal during the period of the Triumvirate (43-30 BC) and then from 5 BC, to appoint more than two consuls per year from the outset who were to hold office in succession and in pairs. At first, there were usually only two suffecti per year…

[German version] L. D. Avitus One of the earliest senators to come from Gaul (Vasio Vocontiorum). After his praetorship he became praetorian governor of Aquitania; cos. suff. with Thrasea Paetus in the last months of AD 56. In 57/8 he became commander of the army of Lower Germany, presumably through the influence of the praetorian prefect Afranius Burrus (likewise from Vasio Vocontiorum) (CIL XII 1354 = ILS 979; AE 1976, 391). He drove out the Frisians, who occupied the right bank of the Rhine. With the commander of the…

[German version] Equestrian praefectus [5] castrorum of the Legio II Augusta in Britain, who did not follow the orders of the governor Suetonius Paulinus during Boudicca's revolution in AD 60. Since he had deprived his legion of participation in the victory he killed himself (Tac. Ann. 14,34-37, esp. 37,3). PIR2 P 530. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] L. S. Gallus. Praetor urbanus in AD 62 who had published an edict in the Forum Augusti [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Camodeca, La ricostruzione dell'élite municipale ercolanese degli anni 50-70, in: Cahiers du centre G. Glotz 7, 1996, 167-178 (= AE 1996, 407).

[German version] Senator. After the murder of the praef. urbi Pedanius Secundus in AD 61 he applied to have P.'s freedmen only banned from Italy (Tac. Ann. 14,45,2). He composed a speech to the praetorians for Nymphidius Sabinus; executed by Galba (Plut. Galba 14f.; Tac. Hist. 1,6,1.37,3; PIR2 C 736). According to [1. 382] he may have been from the Transpadana. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 4.

[German version] Q. R. Martialis. Equestrian of whose offices only the praefectura vigilum between AD 111 and 113 and the praefectura Aegypti between 117 und 119 are attested. In Egypt he had to deal with the aftermath of the Jewish rebellion. PIR2 R 20. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] [M. Ae]dius Ba[ --], senator from Allifae (1st half 1st cent. BC) [M. Ae]dius Ba[ --], senator from Allifae, legate of  Tiberius (CIL IX 2344. 2341); CIL IX 2342 = ILS 944 probably refers to him, consequently per commendationem Ti. Caesaris Augusti ab senatu co(n)s(ul) dest(inatus) [1. 137 ff.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] [M. Aedi]us Celer, probably son of [1] [M. Aedi]us Celer, probably son of [1], lengthy senatorial career in the Augustan-Tiberian era, which led to the proconsulate of Creta-Cyrene (CIL IX 2335 = ILS 961; [1; 2] 125 ff.]). Eck, We…

[German version] [1] C. R. Festus Laelius Firmus Senator, son of procurator C.R. Festus Senator, son of the procurator C. R. Festus; the family hailed from Volsinii in Etruria. He is probably mentioned in CIL XV 7525 along with his sons Marcellinus and Proculus, as well as in CIL XI 2698. The family did not rise to great importance until the end of the 3rd cent. AD. The most prominent member was C. Ceionius R. Volusianus, cos. ord. II in AD 314. PIR2 R 157; cf. 156; 159; 161. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Author of a historical brevarium s. Festus [4]

[German version] [1] Indebted Roman under Vespasian, 1st cent. AD According to the Digesta (14,6,1), under Vespasian a M. who was being pressured by his creditors is said to have killed his father so that he could settle his debts. A senatus consultum was therefore enacted stating that there was no option - even after the death of the father - for a creditor to bring a suit against sons who are under the authority of their father and have taken up a loan [1.; 2. 443f.]. Naming a senatus consultum after a person affected instead of after the magistrate putting in an application nevert…

[German version] Cubicularius of Commodus, so a slave. When Commodus returned to Rome as in triumph in AD 180, S. stood behind the emperor on the chariot. According to HA Comm. 3,6, he was his lover. For his home town Nicomedia, S. obtained the Senate's permission to build a temple for Commodus and to establish an agon (Cass. Dio 72,12,2). He is supposed to have been hated by the people of Rome because of his influence; that is why he was killed by frumentarii of the praetorian praefects (HA Comm. 4,5). The evidence on his person, however, is probably considerably distorted. Eck, Werner (Cologn…

[German version] C. S. Clarus, equestrian. Plinius [2] the Younger dedicated the first book of his letters (Plin. Ep. 1,1) and Suetonius his book De vita Caesarum (cf. Lydus, Mag. 2,6) to him. C. AD 120-122 praef. praet. of Hadrian beside Marcius [II 14] Turbo. According to an account in Historia Augusta (SHA Hadr. 11,3), he and Suetonius overstepped the boundaries of court etiquette with respect to the emperor's wife Sabina. Dismissed, therefore, from his post, presumably while he and Hadrian were staying in Britain. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Syme, RP 3, 1283-1285.

[German version] Cognomen ex virtute given to the victorious general deriving from the Goths; the Roman emperors from Claudius II (AD 268-270) onwards bore it ─ last used by Justinian and Mauricius (without maximus). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography P. Kneißl, Die Siegestitulatur der röm. Kaiser, 1969, passim; 247.

[German version] [1] C. Fabia Betrothed to Marcus Aurelius, 2nd cent. AD Daughter of Ceionius [3], sister of L. Verus, betrothed to  Marcus Aurelius. The betrothal was dissolved (SHA Aur. 4,5; 6,2) after the death of Hadrian. She was married to Plautius Quintillus, cos. ord. 159. After the death of Faustina she tried in vain to marry Marcus Aurelius (SHA Aur. 29,10; PIR2 C 612; [1; 2. 246]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Plautia Wife of Q. Servilius Prudens, 2nd cent. AD Sister of C. [1]; wife of Q. Servilius Pudens, cos. ord. 166 (PIR2 C 614). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography…

[German version] Sex. T. M. Young Roman equestrian, whom Messalina [2] made her lover for one night. After her death (AD 48), he was executed (Tac. Ann. 11,36,3; Sen. Apocol. 13,4). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] Presidential procurator of Mauretania Tingitana under Marcus Aurelius and Verus, no later than the middle of 168; he took part in the conferring of civil rights of citizenship which is described in the tabula Banasitana (AE 1971, 534 = ILMar. 2, 94). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] L. M. Sabinus Cos. suff. around AD 225 Senator. In AD 214 known as m agister tertium of the sodales Augustales Claudiales (CIL XIV 2391). He must therefore already have been a senior member of the sodality. After a suffect consulship he became legate of Moesia inferior, where he is attested from 227 to 229 (AE 1972, 526 = [1. 13]). PIR2 M 172. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 V. Božiloa, J. Kolendo, L. Mrozewicz, Inscriptions latines de Novae, 1992. [German version] [2] L. M. Sabinus Praefect under Commodus, AD 194 Equestrian. Father of M. [1] and M. [3]. Praetor…

[German version] [1] C. V. Hosidius Geta Son of V. [2], born before AD 95; recorded from AD 118 among the fratres Arvales. Praefectus urbi feriarum Latinarum causa, 'quaestor Traiani' (CIL VI 370079 = 41116). Praetor before 120 [1. 35, n. 22]; suffect consul under Hadrian (before 139 since he is mentioned in ILS 7190) [2. 53, 379-384]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian, 1970 2 Scheid, Collège. [German version] [2] M. V. Marcellus Senator, from Teate Marrucinorum, born shortly after AD 60. One of his fellow pupils was a C. …

[German version] A rich freedman of Nero who enjoyed the latter's confidence. In AD 66, P. organised the gladiatorial games in Puteoli in honour of the Armenian king Tiridates [5]. Their lavishness surpassed everything that the people were used to. Galba [2] had him executed. PIR2 P 161. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] L. (?) T. Campester. Roman senator; suffect consul under Antoninus [1] Pius in the September/October of  AD 142 together with Q. Cornelius [II 54] Senecio Annianus (see also RMD 106, fr. 37 of the Fasti Ostienses = FO2, fr. S and a new fragment of a diploma in [1]). He is without doubt identical to L. Tusidius Campester (CIL XI 5632 = ILS 2735), the son of the procurator M. Maenius [II 1] Agrippa, whose career was in the time of Hadrian. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, P. Weiß, T. C., in: ZPE 134, 2001, 251-260.