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[German version] Augustus established three cohorts on military lines for the purpose of 'policing' Rome (Police). They bore the numbers X-XII, which demonstrates their close association with the nine cohorts of the Praetorians. They were also accommodated in the same camp ( castra praetoria), while being under the command not of the praefectus praetorio , but the praefectus urbi . This could occasion differing political loyalties (cf. Suet. Claud. 10,3 after the death of Caligula). The UC had the maintenance of peace in the city as t…

Roman plebeian gentile name, derived from the individual cognomen Flavus (‘the blond one’) through the suffix of affiliation -ius, abbreviated form Fl. The bearers of the name that was already common in the Republican period were initially politically unimportant; F. [I 5] was the first one to attain to Roman nobility. In the Imperial period the name was spread further in the Roman empire as a result of the granting of citizenship by the Flavian Emperors Vespasian, Titus and Domitian (AD 68-96). In Late Antiquity (4th-6th cents.) F. was initially gentilicium of the family of  Consta…

[German version] [1] C.H. Priscus Praetor in 70 AD Came from Cluviae. His father had been   primipilus . Entry to the Senate before AD 49. Quaestor Achaiae at the latest in 49/50; his companion was P.  Celerius of Histonium (IEph 7, 1, 3043/4 = [1. 67ff.]). Legionary legate in Syria as quaestorian in 51. During this period he married Fannia, the daughter of  Clodius [II 15] Thrasea Paetus. People's tribune in 56; then no other office under Nero, a consequence of the link with his father-in-law and the Stoic-influenced ci…

(Πυθαγόρας/ Pythagóras). [German version] [1] Fictitious Spartan and adviser to Numa Pompilius Fictitious person, supposedly from Sparta, victor at the Olympic Games in 716 BC, emigrated to Italy where he became an adviser to king Numa Pompilius. It seems this person was constructed to establish a connection between P. [2] and Roman religion (Plut. Numa 1,2-3). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography F. Ollier, Pythagore de Sparta, REG 59/60, 1946/7, 139-149. [German version] [2] Philosopher, c. 600 BC Natural philosopher and charismatic teacher from the 6th and early 5th cent…

[German version] [1] L. R. Quintianus Consul ord. in AD 289 Cos. ord. in AD 289, presumably only for the first two months of the year [1. 275 ff.]. He was a descendant of L. Ragonius Venustus, cos. ord. in 240 and of R. [2] and R. [3]. PIR2 R 15. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Probleme der Konsularfasten, in: ZPE 118, 1997, 275-280. [German version] [2] L. R. Urinatius Larcius Quintianus Senator, probably proconsul of Sardinia under Marcus Aurelius Senator, probably from Opitergium, cf. [1. 265 ff., 293]. His career took him via the juridicate in Apulia to the…

[German version] T. Mercello Persinus Marius. An equestrian from Cordoba, where he held municipal offices; p rocurator Augusti, probably in the first decades of the 1st cent. AD, possibly in Hispania Baetica (CIL II2 7, 311; II2 5, 1296). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] T. Sabinius Barbarus. Praetorian legate (of the legio III Augusta?) in Africa in AD 116/7 [1. 361 f.], cos. suff. in 118. Not to be identified with a Barbarus who is called ὑπατικός/ hypatikós (Latin consul) in IGR IV 494; cf. Syme, RP 3, 1303; PIR2 B 46. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139, in: Chiron 12, 1982, 281-362.

Frequently used cognomen, since the later Republic nearly always without reference to its meaning ‘stemming from Africa’. Used thus, e.g., by the poet P.  Terentius Afer [1]. [German version] [1] Cognomen used by the poet Martial Cognomen used by the poet Martial. Various persons are meant: 4,37; 78; 6,77; 9,7; 25; 10,84; 12,42. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Cousin of Caracalla A., cousin of Caracalla, who had him killed in 212 (SHA Carac. 3,6 f.; probably identical to L. Septimius Aper, cos. ord. 207 [2]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 205 2 A. …

Plebeian surname (ThlL, Onom. 264f.). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., Q. Aedile, 210 BC In 210 BC plebeian aedile, in 207 legate of the consul C. Claudius Nero. In 205 envoy to Delphi to deliver the booty resulting from the defeat of Hasdrubal (Liv. 28,45,12). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C. Vestinus, C. Military tribune under Antonius, 1st cent. BC Military tribune under Antonius 43 BC at Mutina, was taken prisoner by Plancus (Cic. Fam. 10,23,5). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] C. see  Caesius [II 4]. Eck, Wer…

Initially cognomen in the gens  Livia (ThlL, Onom. 3,256-260). According to Suet. Tib. 3,2, an otherwise unknown Livius (in the 3rd cent. BC) assumed the epithet, after he had won a duel with the Celtic leader Drausus, and passed it on to his family. Through  Livia's first marriage, with Ti. Claudius [I 19] Nero, the cognomen passed into the Claudian branch of the domus Augusta through her son Nero Claudius [II 24] (D. Maior), brother of the second Princeps  Tiberius; D. appears in the name of the son of D. Maior,  Germanicus, of the latter's son D. [II 2], …

[German version] Daughter of Didius [II 6] and wife to Cornelius [II 47] Repentinus. Coins bearing her name and the title Augusta were minted in April and May of AD 193. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 312.

[German version] [1] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 78 AD A native of Etruria; senator from the time of Nero; cos. ord. 78; governor of Syria from AD 78/79; married to Appia Severa (PIR2 C 603) [1. I 308; 2. 45 A. 22]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Commodus, L. Cos. ord. 106 AD Son of [1]. Cos. ord. AD 106 (PIR2 C 604). Married to one Plautia, their son being C. [3]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Commodus, L. = Aelius Caesar, L. Cos. ord. 136 AD Son of [2]. His maternal half-brother was M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus [3. 845]. Born on 13 January in about AD 1…

[German version] C.D. Staberianus. Cos. suff. together with L. Venuleius Montanus in an unknown year (AE 1958, 262; [1. 111]; for possible identifications see [2. 338ff.]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 W. Eck, RE Suppl. 14 2 Scheid, Collège.

[German version] Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus (in literary sources usually called L. Verus; his vita in the HA is less reliable). Roman emperor AD 161-169. Born on 15 December 130 as L. Ceionius Commodus, son of L. Ceionius [3] Commodus, who was adopted by Hadrianus in 136 but died on 1 January 138, and Avidia [1] Plautia (cf. stemma under Adoptive emperors). After the death of his father he and the later Marcus [2] Aurelius were adopted at Hadrian's command by Antoninus [1] Pius. His name after adopti…

(In an older form also Peinarius, CIL I2 1357; 2469f.). Name of a patrician gens. According to tradition, they maintained a cult for Hercules at the Ara Maxima together with the Potitii (further evidence there). Hercules himself - or Evander [1] - is said to have transferred the cult to them at an extremely early time. The derivation of the name from πεινᾶν ( peinân, 'starve') is a scholarly construction based on the P. having had the smaller share in the sacrifices for Hercules (Serv. Aen. 8,270, i.a.). The family was also traced back to Pinus, the ostensib…

[German version] [II 2a] A. C. Crispinus Suffect consul in AD 159 (CIL VI 32321 = [1]). The family probably came from Aspendus in Pamphylia; his sons could be A. Curtius Crispinus Arruntianus and A. Curtius Auspicatus Titinnianus (IGR III 803; CIL XIV 2695; 3030 = ILS 7788). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 P. Weiss, Ein Konsulnpaar vom 21. Juni 159 n. Chr., in: Chiron 29, 1999, 160-167. [German version] [II 9a] Cn.C. Severus praefectus alae [1]; also named in Tac. Ann. 12,55,1 f. He honoured Ummidius [2] Quadratus with a monument in an exedra in Apamea. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibli…

Plebeian family name (in MSS frequently confused with  Coelius), attested from the 2nd cent. BC. (ThlL, Onom. 24-26). I. Republican Age [German version] [I 1] C., C. praetor or propraetor in Gallia Cisalpina in 90 BC praetor or propraetor in Gallia Cisalpina in 90 BC (Liv. per. 73; MRR 2,25). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., C. see C.  Coelius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] C., M. People's tribune in the 2nd cent. BC People's tribune in the 2nd cent. BC, against whom Cato -- perhaps as censor in 184 BC -- directed a speech (ORF I4 46-48) [1. 86]. Elver…

Roman family name, probably derived from the Latin city of Norba [1] (‘man from Norba’). The family first attained Roman citizenship with N. [I 1], owing its advancement to Caesar and Augustus, and then disappeared. In the Imperial period N. was also a cognomen. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] N., C. Praetor 89 BC, homo novus Novus homo of non-Roman descent (the nomen gentile indicates origins from Norba [1]). As people's tribune in 103 BC and follower of L. Appuleius [I 11] Saturninus, he brought a case against C. Servilius Caepio ( cos. 106) over the defeat at Arausio in …

[German version] I. Republican period Italic family name (ThlL, Onom. 2, 543); from the 2nd cent. BC its bearers belonged to the Roman equestrian class, and during the imperial period occasionally acceded to the Senate. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 1] C., P. Roman eques from Spoletium, 1st half of the 1st cent. BC Roman knight from Spoletium, and an acquaintance of Cicero; in 74 BC with his brother C.C. unsuccessfully accused L. Aelius Staienus (Cic. Clu. 100), and in 66 and 65 the people's tribune C. Cornelius [I 2], defended by Cicero, for maiestas (Ascon. 59-62C; Ci…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, documented since the first cent. BC (the name in Liv. 4,54,3 is probably a later invention). Under Augustus the family attained the consulate, but it disappeared at the end of the first cent. AD. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., P. Praetor c. 58 or 52 BC, as propraetor of Bithynia et Pontus 51-50 BC addressee of laudatory letters from Cicero (Cic. Fam. 13,47; 61-65; cf. 7,21). S., who was regarded as an authority on Asia Minor, brought an inheritance lawsuit in 44 BC (Cic. Att. 7,1,8). His son is probably S. [II 7]. Fündli…

[German version] T. T. Rufus. Senator from Concordia in Upper Italy, where among other things an equestrian statue was raised to him (ILS 931; cf. 931a). After serving as quaestor and people's tribune, he became legatus Augusti with a legion. A praetorian in 18 AD, he was given the task of looking after the children of the Thracian king Kotys [I 9] as their tutor; this task, during which he also became involved in armed conflicts, lasted at least until 21 (Tac. Ann. 2,67,2; 3,38,3 f.). When he was accused of maiestas in 35 AD, he killed himself (Tac. Ann. 6,39,1). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliog…

Uncommon Latin praenomen , abbreviation V. The etymology of the name is unknown. Like the identical nomen gentilicium, it derives from the Osco-Umbrian Vībie/o-. Related nomina gentilicia were Vibidius, Vibuleius, Vibulenus. The praenomen and its feminine equivalent Vībia- were loaned into Etruscan as Vipie and Vipia respectively. The nomen gentilicium formed from that, Vipi(e)na, appears in Latinized form as Vibenna . Steinbauer, Dieter (Regensburg) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. Curius Prefect of Caesar, to whom troops of L. Manlius [I 18] Torquatu…

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Ancestor of V. [I 2] from Reate, who was told of a victory over Perseus [2] in a dream in 168 BC (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6; 3,13; Val. Max. 1,8,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V., P. Born c. 95 BC, d. after 42 BC. Presumably from Reate (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6 on V. [I 1]), V. achieved a political rise in Rome under the patronage of the Iulii Caesares: since he was married (schol. Bobiensia 149 St.) to Antonia, a niece of L. Iulius [I 6] Caesar, the latter as consul in 64 may have sponsored…

[German version] Torquatus N. Atticus. From Milan (Mediolan(i)um [1]). In the course of his career, N. served, probably under Tiberius inter alia, as tribune in Germania with the legio I, was tribunus vexillariorum legionum quattuor primae, quintae, vicesimae, vicesimae primae; and was finally posted to the province of Gallia Narbonensis as legatus ad census accipiendos et dilectum et proconsul, still under Tiberius. N. died there at the age of 44. According to Pliny (HN 14,144), he was one of Tiberius' drinking companions (CIL XIV 3602 = ILS 950). PIR2 N 175. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibli…

[German version] [1] P. V. Suffect consul in c. AD 54; pro-consul of Asia probably in 62/3 [1. 438-441]. Probably a brother of V. [2]. Bibliography 1 Vogel-Weidemann. [German version] [2] C. V. Severus Probably a brother of V. [1]. Suffect consul together with Cn. Hosidius [4] Geta in November/December AD 47 [1. 247]. Cf. CIL VI 8,3, p. 4784 ad 31767. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Camodeca, Tabulae Pompeianae Sulpiciorum, 1999.

Italian gens name, recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Friend of Cn. Pompeius [I 3], provoked mockery by Cicero (Cic. Att. 6,1,25) in March of 50 BC for his travelling in an ostentatious style and his collecting miniature portraits of married women. Possibly identical to V. [II 4]. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) II.Imperial period [German version] [II 1] P. V. Antoninus Citizen of Ephesus of equestrian rank. Praefectus cohortis and tribunus militum Legionis I Italicae (IEph III 726; 726a). In Ephesus itself he was a prýtanis, and a grammateú…

[German version] She was probably the daughter of Munatius [II 1], thus granddaughter of Munatius [I 4] and sister to Munatius [II 6]. This lineage gave her great self-confidence (Tac. Ann. 2,43,3). Probably the second wife of Cn. Calpurnius [II 16] Piso, whom she bore two sons, Cn. Calpurnius [II 20] Piso and M. Calpurnius [II 23] Piso. She was a member of the inner circle of friends of Livia [2], the mother of Tiberius. In AD 18, she accompanied her husband to Syria, where she played an importan…

[German version] [1] A. Cassius, C. Deputy commander to L. Verus in the Parthian War Came from Cyrrhus in Syria, son of A. [2] (SHA Marc. 25,12). Admitted into the Senate under Antoninus Pius; deputy commander to L. Verus in the Parthian War, in command of the legio III Gallica and auxiliary troops (Lucian. 31); conquered Seleucia and Ctesiphon (Cass. Dio 71,2,2ff.; 3,1); his contribution to the Parthian War was even recognized in Rome (Fronto Ad Am. 1,6) [1; 2. 141ff.]. Probably suffect consul in 166 [6. 181f.], also governor of Syria from a…

Roman family name (Schulze, 168, 276, A.7; ThlL, Onom. 2, 587), related to copo ‘innkeeper’ in popular etymology (Mart. 3,59), attested since the 1st cent. BC. [German version] [1] C., C. Praetor under Pompey 49 BC Cicero praised him and his brother T.C. as adulescentes in 56 BC (Balb. 53; Cael. 24). In 53 BC, he was praefectus in Syria, in 49 BC, praetor and mint master under Pompey (RRC 444), and in 48, as propraetor, he lost his fleet in a storm at sea. He is probably identical to the C. who was proscribed in 43 and who owed his life to his wife's …

[German version] [1] Father-in-law and military commander of the emperor Iovianus, 4th cent. AD Father-in-law of the emperor Iovianus (Amm. Marc. 25,8,9). In AD 350 L., probably as comes rei militaris, was successful against the Persians in the third siege of Nisibis (Zos. 2,45,2; 3,8,2). In 354 he was comes domesticorum of Constantius [5] Gallus (Amm. Marc. 14,11,14). In 361, as magister equitum, he unsuccessfully fought back Iulianus' advance [11] to Constantinople in Illyria (Amm. Marc. 21,9,5-10). Iovianus elevated him to the rank of magister equitum et peditum in 363 (Amm. Ma…

[German version] Equestrian from Nursia. Three times he was a tribunus [4] militum in a legion, including the Legio I, then a praefectus [5] castrorum, no earlier than the time of Augustus (Suet. Vesp. 1,3; cf. [1. 155-160]). His daughter was Vespasia Polla; one of his sons reached the rank of senator (cf. Vespasianus, with stemma). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Alföldy, Epigraphische Notizen aus Italien, in: ZPE 77, 1989, 155-180 2 Demougin, Nr. 192.

Roman patrician family name, probably derived from Etruscan fapi [1. 162]. According to ancient etymology, however, either from faba ‘(broad)bean’ (‘legume grower’: Plin. HN 18,10; [2]) or from the original ‘Fodius’, ‘Fovius’ (‘wolf pit hunter’: Plut. Fabius 1,2; Fest. 77 L.) because the Fabii with the Quinctii originally appointed the priesthood of the Luperci; the  Lupercalia were also the family celebration of the Fabii (Ov. Fast. 193ff.). Early Imperial pseudogenealogy, which perhaps arose in the literary ci…

[German version] M. S. Severianus Iulius Rufinus Acer Metilius Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor. A senator from the city of Limonum in Aquitania (AE 1981, 640), he was probably admitted to senatorial status from equestrian status. After quaestorship, people's tribuneship and praetorship he achieved command of a legion, the cura viae Flaminiae and praetorian governorship in Dacia (AD 150/1-153) and in 153 consulship. He was dispatched as consular legate to Cappadocia  by Antoninus [1] Pius. There he and his army were defeated by the Parthian…

[German version] Owner of brickworks near Rome in the time of Trajan (98-117), products of which survive in great numbers (CIL XV 52-60; 63-68; 339 etc.). She may have been a member of a senatorial family (cf. Plotius [II 3 and 4]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, Nr. 620  PIR2 P 524.

[German version] Rhetoric instructor of  Commodus (SHA Comm. 1,6; Ateius or Attius, according to AE 1961, 280 to emend). Equestrian procurator, among other things ab epistulis Graecis, a rationibus; praef. Aegypti 179/180 [1]. Acceptance into the Senate, cos. suff. around 184, praef. alimentorum; his grave inscription erected by M. Aurelius Cleander (AE 1961, 280). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Bastianini, Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30a al 299p, in: ZPE 17, 1975, 263-328 2 W. Eck, s. v. T. Aius Sanctus, RE Suppl. 14, 40 f.

[German version] [1] O. Sabinus Accuser of Marcius [II 2] Barea Soranus Roman eques who accused Marcius [II 2] Barea Soranus in 66 and was awarded 1,2 million sesterces and the Ornamenta Quaestoria. PIR2 O 161. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M. O. Scapula Senator and official (1st cent. AD), son of O. [4] Senator who served in the army in Britain under his father O. [4] and was awarded the corona civica for rescuing citizens (Tac. Ann. 12,31,4). In 59 cos. suff. Although he had saved the praetor Antistius [II 5] Sosianus from indictment, the latter accused him lat…

Name of a Roman plebeian family probably deriving from the Italic praenomen Pompo, tracing back, like the Aemilii, Calpurnii and Pinarii, to one of the sons of Numa Pompilius (Plut. Numa 21,2; cf. Nep. Att. 1,1). In the 3rd century BC the Mathones (cf. P. [I 7-9]) achieved consulship, but later the family was insignificant. The most prominent member was a friend of Cicero, T. P. [I 5] Atticus. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P., Cn. People's tribune in 90 BC People's tribune in 90 BC, killed in the Civil War in 82; Cicero quite often heard him in his youth; his j…

[German version] [1] T.C.Mancia Cos. suff. 55 AD Suffect consul in AD 55 [1. 267]; governor and commander of the Upper Germanic army from 56 until at least 58 [2. 25f.]. We are uncertain whether he became proconsul of Africa (PIR2 C 1605; [3. 214ff.]). Re the bequeathing of his fortune, see Domitia [II 7]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography G. Camodeca, L'archivio Puteolano dei Sulpicii I, 1992 2 Eck, Statthalter 25f. 3 Vogel-Weidemann.

Name of a plebeian gens (cf. Tac. Ann. 6,15,1), the representatives of whom have been known historically since the middle of the 3rd cent. BC. The most important family, especially in the 1st cent. BC, are the Cassii Longini. A patrician C. (around 500 BC, C. I 19) is rare. I. Republican age [German version] [I 1] C., C. Governor of Asia 89-88 BC Praetor 90 BC (?), in 89-88 governor of the province of Asia whence he, with M'. Aquillius [I 4], induced Nicomedes of Bithynia to attack  Mithridates (MRR 2,34). He then had to retreat from the victorious Mithridat…

Roman family name, variant of Venilius (Schulze, 378; 458). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] L. V. Apronianus Octavius Priscus Son of V. [4]. Cos. ord. in AD 123; procos. of Asia 138/9, SEG 36, 987. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Scheid, Collège, 338-342. [German version] [2] L. V. Apronianus Octavius Priscus Senator. Son of V. [1]. Although a Patrician, after a praetorship he took on command of the Legio I Italica in Moesia Inferior. Cos. suff. under Antoninus [1] Pius; also a consular legate in Hispania Tarraconensis. Cos. ord. II in AD 168. Eck, Werner (Cologne) B…

[German version] [1] Epithet, conferred for a victory over Germanics Epithet, first conferred to Nero  Claudius [II 24] Drusus posthumously by the Senate in 9 BC, for his victories over Germanic tribes; adopted by his successors G. [2], Caligula, Claudius, Nero. Vitellius gave the name to his son. From the time of Domitian, it was again granted by the Senate for victories over Germanic tribes, namely to Nerva, Trajan, and Marcus Aurelius. The intensification 'G. maximus' is found from Commodus to Gratianus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography P. Kneißl, Die Siegestitulatur der röm…

[German version] [1] T.M. Senator in the Augustan period Senator in the Augustan period IVvir viarum curandum, quaestor, tribunus plebis, praetor, possibly proconsul. Father of M. [2] (CIL VI 1467 = 41053). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] T.M.Pollianus Consul AD 40 or 43/4 Son of M. [1], from the tribus Arnensis. Decemvir stlitibus iudicandis, quaestor, tribunus plebis, praetor, curator viarum, praefectus frumenti dandi, proconsul provinciae Galliae Narbonensis, consul either in AD 40 or AD 43/4 [1.263]. In AD 48, he may have been accepted as a member…

Praenomen of Oscan origin, particularly widespread in Upper Italy (cf. S. Gellius [3], S. Abbius Oppianicus); later also occurring as nomen gentile with many variants [1. 37, 237, 469]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A Samnite, in 90 BC a leader of the Itali in the Social Wars [3], later (81?) on the Roman side. Proscribed at the age of 80 in 43 BC, he distributed his property and burned himself to death in his empty house (App. B Civ. 4,102). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] A slave and close friend of Cicero's brother Quintus, from 61 to 59 BC Quintus' pro…

Plebeian family name, documented in Rome since the 1st cent. BC (on the derivation of asinus [1], on Etruscan parallels [2]). The family, whose most famous name-bearer was Asinus Pollio, originally came from Teate Marrucinorum (modern Chieti), was a member of the patrician class since the Augustan period and was particularly prominent in the 1st cent. AD. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] A. Senator (mid-1st cent. BC) Senator, supporter of Antony at Mutina in 43 BC (Cic. Phil. 13, 28). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Hug, s.v. Spitznamen, RE 3 A, 1829 2 Schulze, 129. …

[German version] L. T. Rufus. Possibly from Liburnia ([1. 105-135], but cf. [2. 563]), of lowly origins (Plin. HN 18,37). He was involved in leading sea operations at Actium (Cass. Dio 50,14,1), probably already a senator at the time. He acquired a large estate in Picenum (Plin. HN loc.cit.), possibly proconsul of Cyprus: IGR 3, 952. He took part, in c. 16 BC, in campaigns in Macedonia (Cass. Dio 54,20,3), possibly as ( legatus) pro pr( aetore) (AE 1936, 18), but possibly only as promagistrate pro pr( aetore). In 16 BC cos. suff. According to Frontin. Aq. 102,3 f., in AD 23 a…

[German version] T. M. Severus. Consul suffectus in December 202 AD. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography B. Pferdehirt, Vier neue Militärdiplome im Besitz des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, in: Arch. Korrespondenzblatt 31, 2001, 61-280, bes. 266 ff.

[German version] This term designates the Roman emperors of the 2nd cent. The limits of its application are not strictly defined. Normally it covers only the time from  Antoninus [1] Pius to  Commodus (180-192), as all these emperors bore the name Antoninus, as in [1] below. In the same context both  Caracalla and  Elagabalus should be included, since both bore the name; albeit stemming from a belated and fictive adoption. Others use it to cover the time from  Nerva to Commodus, as in [2], from  H…

[German version] Praetorian tribune, who instigated the killing of consul Iulius Vestinus in AD 65 under Nero's orders (Tac. Ann. 15,69). His brother is possibly L.G. Fronto (CIL III 14387 g.h = IGLS VI 2786/7). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography B. Dobson, Die Primipilares, 1978, 201f.

Name of an Italian gens, attested in Setia (consequently Oscan? ILS 6130) and several trading towns. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] (P.) Lepta, Q. Friend of Cicero and his praefectus fabrum in Cilicia, 51-50 BC Friend of Cicero and his praefectus [7] fabrum in Cilicia 51-50 BC (Cic. Fam. 3,7,4; 5,20,4 et passim). Cic. Fam. 9,13,1-3 points to Cales in Campania as his homeland, where ILS 5779 must attest himself or a son (on the identity [1. 6]). P. often appears in Cicero's letters (e.g. as addressee of Fam. 6,18-19), for the last time in November 44 (Att. 16,15,3). Fündling, Jörg …

[German version] [1] Roman emperor, born AD 51 Roman emperor; original name T. Flavius Domitianus = Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] A. Up to the death of Titus Born on 24 Oct. AD 51 in Rome; his parents were T. Flavius  Vespasianus and Flavia Domitilla. D. spent his childhood in Rome; he did not accompany his father Vespasian to Judaea. His life was first threatened in the 2nd half of 69 during the reign of Vitellius, when D.'s father had already been proclaimed emperor, and fightin…